应用微型营养评定（MNA）及生物电阻抗分析法（BIA）评定外科住院病人营养状况及人体组成

目的调查北京协和医院外科住院病人蛋白质-热量营养不良（PEM）发病率,评定并比较中青年及老年患者的人体组成。方法应用微型营养评定（MNA）及生物电阻抗分析（BIA）技术,对随机抽取的北京协和医院378例外科择期手术病人,在人院后一周内测定其营养状况、人体组成及生化检查。结果（1）MNA评定外科住院病人术前PEM发病率为33．4％,老年患者显著高于中青年患者（41．6％vs27．9％,P＜0．05）;存在发生PEM危险者占14．8％。（2）经MNA评定,营养正常与营养不良患者的人体测量及生化检查结果有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。（3）与中青年相比,老年患者瘦体组织（LBM）显著降低（男性：46．1％±6.3kgvs51．3±6．1kg,P＜0．05;女性：34．2±4．5kgvs38．2±4．1kg,P＜0．05）;老年女性LBM％显著降低（62．2±8．7％vs68．4±7．9％,P＜0．05）,总体脂肪比例（TBF％）显著升高（38．0±5．8％vs31．2％±7．5％,P＜0．05）。结论（1）外科住院病人中,PEM患者及存在发生PEM危险的患者占总数的48．2％,应考虑对外科住院病人术前术后进行肠内与肠外营养支持;（2）MNA及BM为准确、快速、安全和实用的床旁营养状况评定方法,应在临床推广;（3）老年外科病人PEM发病率高,且易发生LBM丢失,故对其更     

应用MNA综合评定法及人体组成分析评定外科住院病人营养状况

调查北京协和医院外科老年住院病人蛋白质 -热量营养不良 (PEM)发生率 ,评定并比较中青年及老年病人的人体组成。方法 :应用微型营养评定 (MNA)及生物电阻抗分析技术(BIA) ,对随机抽取的北京协和医院 378例外科择期手术病人 (其中老年病例 15 2例 )在入院后一周内测定其营养状况、人体组成及生化检查。结果 :1术前 PEM总发生率为 33.4% ,老年病人显著高于中青年病人 (41.6 % vs 2 7.9% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2经 MNA评定为营养正常与营养不良病人的人体测量及生化检查结果有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3与中青年相比 ,老年病人 L BM显著降低 …     

不同营养状况慢性阻塞性肺病患者急性期胰岛素测定及其临床意义探讨

目的为了研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期空腹血清胰岛素与营养状态的相互关系,探讨COPD合并营养不良的机制.方法通过人体测量和内脏蛋白测定,对42例COPD急性发作期患者进行营养状况评价,同时应用放免法检测其空腹胰岛素水平.结果发现中度营养不良组(B组)、重度营养不良组(C组)空腹胰岛素分别是12±7、13±7μU/ml,显著低于营养正常组(A组)27±17μU/ml(P<0.01),C组空腹血糖为5.9±1.5mmol/L,显著高于A组4.8±1.2mmol/L(P<0.05).结论COPD营养不良患者的内脏蛋白显著下降和脂肪贮存耗竭,可能与患者胰岛素分泌不足有关,在营养支持中应适当补充胰岛素.     

超生理浓度的软脂酸和瘦素对大鼠胰岛素影响的实验研究

目的研究高浓度长链游离脂肪酸(LC-FFA)即2mM软脂酸(Palmitate) 和/或15ng/ml瘦素(Leptin)对正常成年SD雄性大鼠胰岛培养液中胰岛素(Insulin,Ins)浓度的影响. 方法将经过2mM软脂酸、15ng/ml瘦素处理过的大鼠胰岛培养液用放射免疫分析法测定Ins浓度. 结果①培养第2日,2mM软脂酸组Ins浓度比对照组高,(156.37±9.26)vs(51.28±7.11)(单位mIU/L,以下同),差异有极显著意义(P<0.001); 第4日,(16.62±1.92)vs(19.83±9.27),差异不显著(P>0.05);②培养第2日,15ng/ml瘦素组Ins浓度比对照组高,(176.30±3.20)vs(51.28±7.11),差异有极显著意义(P<0.001);第4日,(18.73±1.72)vs(19.83±9.27),差异不显著 (P>0.05);③培养第2日,2mM软脂酸+15ng/ml瘦素组Ins浓度比对照组高,(166.86±15.87)vs(51.28±7.11),第4日,比对照组浓度低,(10.72±1.72 )vs(19.83±9.27),差异均有极显著意义(P<0.001);④培养第2日,2mM软脂酸组与2mM软脂酸+15ng/ml瘦素组相比,(156.37±9.26)vs(166.86±15.87),Ins浓度差异不显著(P>0.05);第4日,2mM软脂酸组Ins浓度高,(16.62±1.92)vs(10.72±1.72),差异有极显著意义(P<0.001);⑤培养第2日,15ng/ml瘦素组与2mM软脂酸+15ng/ml瘦素组相比,(176.30±3.20)vs(166.86±15.87),差异不显著(P>0.05);第4日,15ng/ml瘦素组Ins浓度高,(18.73±1.72)vs(10.72±1.72),差异有极显著意义(P<0.001);⑥2mM软脂酸组Ins浓度比15ng/ml瘦素组低,培养第2日,(156.37±9.26)vs(176.30±3.20),差异有极显著意义(P<0.001);第4日,(16.62±1.92)vs(18.73±1.72),差异显著 (P<0.05). 结论软脂酸和瘦素均刺激Ins释放; 15ng/ml瘦素在第4日继续对抗2mM软脂酸的脂毒性、脂凋亡作用.     

胃癌患者血清瘦互与营养状况的关系

目的探讨肥胖基因表达产物瘦素与胃癌病人营养状况的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法测定86例胃癌病人血清瘦素含量,同时测定身高、体重、疾病分期、ECOG。体质指数(BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)２。营养正常的BMI范围为18.5～25;BMI<18.5为营养不良;BMI>25为肥胖。结果胃癌病人合并营养不良组的血清瘦素平均含量明显低于营养正常组或肥胖组。男性胃癌病人合并营养不良、营养正常及肥胖组血清瘦素水平分别为(2.41±1.59)μg/L、(4.80±3.21)μg/L、(9.16±2.81)μg/L;女性则分别为(5.53±3.06)μg/L、(8.94±4.78)μg/L、(20.58±9.48)μg/L。全组男性、女性胃癌病人的血清瘦素水平分别为(4.39±3.42)μg/L、(8.97±6.56)μg/L;女性均值高于男性一倍。胃癌病人的血清瘦素水平与BMI显著相关(男性r=0.538,P<0.05;女性r=0.785,P<0.05)。BMI正常的胃癌病人的血清瘦素与健康人无差异。结论血清瘦素含量可以反映胃癌病人的BMI变化和营养状况,且可作为判断胃癌病人营养状况的指标。     

血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与其血清水平及老年高血压病的关系

目的探讨中国人群中血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因的插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与其血清水平及老年高血压病之间的关系。方法应用多聚酶链反应(PCR)方法检测ACE基因多态性,同时测定血清ACE水平,对56例老年高血压病患者与40例老年健康对照者进行比较分析。结果老年高血压组D等位基因频率显著高于对照组(0.61vs0.46,P<0.05),血清ACE水平亦显著高于对照组［(31.0±11.1)U/Lvs(25.1±10.0)U/L,P<0.05］。血清ACE水平依次为DD型>ID型>II型。DD型与ID型及DD型与II型之间均具有显著差异。结论ACE基因多态性与血清ACE水平有关,DD基因型者血清ACE水平显著升高,D等位基因可能是老年高血压发病的遗传学基础之一。     

电解铝工人接触过量氟对某些生化指标的影响

目的　探讨接触过量氟对人体某些生化指标的影响。方法　对50名电解工及50名机械工进行血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力及F-、IgG、IgA、IgM、降钙素(CT)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)的水平和尿F-水平测定。结果　与对照组相比,接触组血清F-为(0.21±0.061)mg/L、尿F-为(1.96±0.97)mg/L,均高于对照组［分别为(0.16±0.016)、(1.07±0.35)mg/L］,差异均有显著性(P<0.01);血清中CT为(36.4±25.7)ng/L、PTH为(116.3±62.1)ng/L,分别较对照组降低54%和27%,差异有显著性(P<0.01、P<0.05);AKP活力为(6.92±1.74)U/L,较对照组高20%,差异有显著性(P<0.01);GSH-Px活力为(152.91±15.64)U/L,较对照组低10%,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论　接触过量氟不仅影响成骨作用,也可影响甲状腺及甲状旁腺钙调节激素的分泌,诱导脂质过氧化能力增强。     

内镜治疗急性重症胰腺炎的价值(附26例临床分析)

目的评估内镜对急性重症胰腺炎(ASP)的治疗价值及应用指征。方法采用经内镜鼻胆管引流(ENBD)及经内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)等内镜技术治疗ASP26例。按下列指标评估腹痛消失时间、血淀粉酶复常时间、死亡率、平均住院日。结果腹痛消失时间内镜治疗组(治疗组)(2.5±1.5)d，而对照组(5.1±2.4)d,P<0.05；血淀粉酶复常时间治疗组(2.8±1.3)d，对照组为(4.8±1.8)d,P<0.05；病死率治疗组1/26(3.85%)，对照组5/30(16.67%)，P<0.05；平均住院日治疗组(17.2±5.2)d，对照组(26.2±18.2)d，P<0.05。结论ENBD加EST治疗以微小创伤达到满意外科引流效果，能够有效地降低胆胰管内压，缓解胰腺病变，起到治疗作用，不失为ASP治疗手段和方法上的一个补充，具有一定的临床使用价值。     

缬沙坦对陈旧性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的评价不同剂量的缬沙坦对患者心功能的影响.方法将陈旧心肌梗死合并心衰Ⅱ～Ⅲ级(NYHA分级)住院患者60例,在常规强心、利尿、β阻滞剂治疗的基础上,随机分为两组分别加用缬沙坦40mg/d或80mg/d,随访6个月.试验前后分别监测患者的血压、左心功能、6min步行试验.结果缬沙坦80mg/d组与40mg/d相比,总有效率为100%比87%(P<0.05),射血分数增加为(37.6±5.6)%比(30.4±3.7)%,(P<0.05),左室舒张末容积减少(51.7±4.8)%比(58.4±5.4)%,(P<0.05),两组血压降低无明显差异,收缩压(13.5±5.4)比(10.5±3.9)mmHg,(P>0.05),舒张压(10.8±3.6)比(8.6±4.2)mmHg,(P>0.05),6min步行距离明显延长(P<0.01).结论缬沙坦80mg/d较40mg/d能明显改善患者的心功能,提高患者的活动耐量.     

逼尿肌等容收缩试验的临床应用

目的探讨逼尿肌等容收缩试验(DIT)的临床价值.方法对排尿异常病人89例,其中前列腺增生(BPH)59例,进行全面的尿动力学检查(包括DIT).结果(1)最大逼尿肌等容收缩压(Piso)与逼尿肌收缩速度呈正相关(r=0.847,P<0.001);(2)Piso随膀胱容量增加而显著下降(P<0.001);(3)CT80与VE呈负相关(r=-0.520,P<0.01);(4)DIT参数与膀胱排空至容量为40ml时膀胱壁收缩之速度(dL/dT40)无明显相关性;(5)Piso与BPH梗阻程度呈正相关性(r=0.678,P<0.001);(6)当残余尿量≥100ml,逼尿肌储能(DR)显著下降(P<0.001);(7)不稳定膀胱组Piso显著高于稳定膀胱组(P<0.01).结论DIT是一项简单适用的,用来测定逼尿肌收缩力的尿动力学检查,应用于BPH病人很有临床价值.     

腹膜透析患者营养指标的评估

目的 :　对腹膜透析患者的一些营养指标进行评估。方法 :　对 90例持续性不卧床腹膜透析 ( CAPD腹透 )患者进行主观综合性营养评估 ( SGA)、膳食调查、直接人体测量、生化参数的测定 ,计算氮出现率相当蛋白 ( n PNA)、瘦体重和 %瘦体重。结果 :　依据 SGA评分 ,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较 :平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入 ( DEI、DPI)、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重 ,均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 5 )。但营养良好组的 DPI和 DEI异常率 70 .2 1 % ,血白蛋白和 %瘦体重异常率 31 .91 %和 5 1 .0 6% ,而轻中度营养不良组血白蛋白和 %瘦体重正常率为 49.39%和 67.74% ,仅重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在 80 %以上。直接人体测量指标体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度和上臂肌围在本组患者中的异常率为 4.44% ,6.67%及 1 3.33%。血前白蛋白、转铁蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 DPI、DEI、n PNA及 %瘦体重均无相关。结论 :　SGA是评价腹透患者营养状况的简便方法 ,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充 ,如 DEI、DPI、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重。其中用肌酐动力学公式计算瘦体重是反映肌肉蛋白质贮存的有效方法。直接人体测?     

老年肝胆外科住院患者的动态营养风险筛查

目的调查老年肝胆外科住院患者营养风险、营养不足发生率以及营养支持应用状况。方法采用定点连续抽样,对156例老年肝胆外科住院患者（≥65岁）人院后第2天早晨和住院2周或出院时进行营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）的动态描述性研究。结果NRS 2002的适用率为96．8％（151／156）。患者总的营养风险发生率为36．9％（57／156）,营养不足发生率为26．2％（41／156）。住院时间大于2周的患者营养风险和营养不足发生率分别为49．6％和36．7％,住院时间小于2周的患者营养风险和营养不足发生率分别为37．3％和21．4％,两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。存在营养风险和无营养风险患者营养支持率分别为64．1％和17．4％。其中,接受大手术患者中有营养风险和无营养风险患者的营养支持率分别为87．9％和36．8％,接受中、小手术患者中有营养风险和无营养风险患者的营养支持率分别为41．3％和9．6％。结论NRS 2002适用于老年肝胆外科住院患者的营养风险筛查。住院时间大于2周老年肝胆外科住院患者营养风险和营养不足发生率反而有所增加。临床营养支持在肝胆外科需要更加重视住院患者的营养问题,临床上存在肠外、肠内营养的不合理应用。     

主观全面营养评价法在腹膜透析患者中的应用

目的与方法：用主观全面营养评价（ＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＧｌｏｂａｌＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ，ＳＧＡ）结合部分生化指标对３３例持续性不卧床腹膜透析（ＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓＡｍｂｕｌａｔｏｒｙＰｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌＤｉａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＣＡＰＤ）患者进行了５５例次营养评价。结果：营养良好的患者血清白蛋白、氮表现率相当蛋白（ＮｏｒｍａｌｉｚｅｄＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＥｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｏｆＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎＡｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅＲａｔｅ，ＮＰＮＡ）较高。各组间上臂围、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围无明显差别。ＳＧＡ评分与血清白蛋白（ｒ＝－０．７１，Ｐ＜０．０１）、转铁蛋白（ｒ＝－０．３２，Ｐ＜０．０５）、前白蛋白（ｒ＝－０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０５）浓度和ＮＰＮＡ（ｒ＝－０．４３，Ｐ＜０．０５）明显相关。Ｋａｐｐａ检验发现ＳＧＡ与血清白蛋白浓度评价结果比较一致（Ｋａｐｐａ＝０．５４１，Ｐ＜０．０５）且ＳＧＡ能够发现早期的营养不良。     

腹膜转运和营养状况在腹膜透析充分性评价中的作用

目的探讨腹膜转运特性对尿毒症腹膜透析患者营养状态的影响,评价二者在腹膜透析充分性评价中的地位。方法采用快速腹膜平衡试验判断腹膜转运功能[腹膜透析液肌酐与血肌酐的比值（D／Per）],将53例腹膜透析患者分为高转运（D／Per≥0．65）和低转运（D／Per〈0．65）两组。计算尿素清除指数（Kt／v）和总肌酐清除率（TCer）。采用实验室检查（血清白蛋白、前白蛋白和转铁蛋白,血红蛋白,瘦体重和瘦体重百分比）以及主观综合性评定法（SGA）评估患者的营养状况。结果低转运组包括患者30例,高转运组包括23例。高转运组患者的年龄、D／Per（0．82±0．15vs．0．55±0．08,P〈0．01）和TCer（62．93％±25．98％佛．49．69％±16．92％,P〈0．05）均显著高于低转运组,血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白,血红蛋白水平,瘦体重百分比和SGA评分均显著低于低转运组（P〈0．05）,血清白蛋白与Kt／v呈显著负相关（r=-0．2708,P〈0．05）。结论腹膜高转运者溶质清除率高但营养状态较低转运者差。营养状况是判定透析是否充分的条件之一。应加强高转运及高龄患者的饮食管理和指导。     

The correlation between anergy, malnutrition and clinical outcome in an elderly hospital population

The nutritional state of 482 out of 501 newly admitted elderly patients was assessed by anthropometry, serum protein analyses and the delayed hypersensitivity skin test (DH) on admission and after 8 and 26 weeks. The mean age of the women was 81.3 +/- 7.7 and of the men 77.9 +/- 9.3. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was initially defined as three or more subnormal criteria, one in each of the three categories of measurement. The data was then reanalysed excluding anergy and using the two other criteria only. The prevalence of PEM on the first assessment was 28.5% and was 10% higher when anergy was excluded as a criterion. PEM was more common in women and increased with age. The anergic patients had lower mean values in serum protein and anthropometry than those with normal reactivity. Anergic patients had a higher mortality rate and more pressure sores than the reactive group. Nutritional supplementation was associated with an increase in skin reactivity.     

Apolipoprotein A1 as an early index of protein-energy malnutrition.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is, together with infectious and parasitic diseases, a major cause of childhood illness in Africa. Diagnosis and treatment of PEM requires an accurate, simple and reliable method of assessing nutritional status from a blood sample. Plasma apolipoprotein (apo A1), prealbumin and albumin were measured in a group of Senegalese children suffering from PEM who had been hospitalized for refeeding, and in a group of control children. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that: (1) Plasma apo A1 was significantly correlated with prealbumin in assessing nutritional status (P less than 0.005 on day 8 of refeeding); (2) plasma apo A1 alone was sufficient for diagnosing and monitoring the dietary treatment of PEM; it was capable of detecting subclinical forms; (3) apo A1 could be used for differential diagnosis of forms of PEM; (4) plasma apo A1 concentration began to increase earlier (94% of control values at day 8) than did prealbumin (73% on day 8). We therefore propose apo A1 as an index of nutritional status in children living in areas where infectious and parasitic diseases are endemic.     

Role of visceral proteins in detecting malnutrition in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: In the clinical practice, visceral proteins are used as indirect markers of protein energy malnutrition (PEM), but their reliability could be reduced with advancing age. The aim of this work is to investigate the reliability of albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transferrin in evaluating nutritional status in old patients and their relationship with fat-free mass (FFM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Padua, Italy. SUBJECTS: In 44 underweight (body mass index < 20 kg/m(2)) (66-97 years) and 69 normal weight or overweight elderly subjects (62-98 years), albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and RBP were determined in the plasma. Body composition and particularly FFM was obtained by dual X-ray absorptiometry. FFM was also expressed as FFM index (FFMI) calculated as FFM divided by height squared. Subjects affected by acute illnesses and inflammatory states were excluded. RESULTS: Albumin, prealbumin and RBP mean values were significantly lower in underweight subjects. No differences between two groups were found for transferrin. Albumin prealbumin and RBP resulted under the normal range in 55, 25 and 54% of underweight subjects, respectively. Transferrin's values were low in about 40% of underweight and normal weight subjects, respectively. In all subjects, FFMI shows a significant correlation with albumin (r: 0.52), prealbumin (r: 0.64) and RBP (r: 0.57). No correlation between FFMI and transferrin was found. CONCLUSIONS: Visceral proteins, except for transferrin, seem to be useful indexes in detecting malnutrition in the elderly; low values still in the normal range should also be carefully evaluated because they could suggest a poor nutritional status.     

Malnutrition in hospital outpatients and inpatients: prevalence, concurrent validity and ease of use of the 'malnutrition universal screening tool' ('MUST') for adults

The 'malnutrition universal screening tool' ('MUST') for adults has been developed for all health care settings and patient groups, but ease of use and agreement with other published tools when screening to identify malnutrition requires investigation. The present study assessed the agreement and the prevalence of malnutrition risk between 'MUST' and a variety of other tools in the same patients and compared the ease of using these tools. Groups of patients were consecutively screened using 'MUST' and: (1) MEREC Bulletin (MEREC) and Hickson and Hill (HH) tools (fifty gastroenterology outpatients); (2) nutrition risk score (NRS) and malnutrition screening tool (MST; seventy-five medical inpatients); (3) short-form mini nutritional assessment (MNA-tool; eighty-six elderly and eighty-five surgical inpatients); (4) subjective global assessment (SGA; fifty medical inpatients); (5) Doyle undernutrition risk score (URS; fifty-two surgical inpatients). Using 'MUST', the prevalence of malnutrition risk ranged from 19-60% in inpatients and 30% in outpatients. 'MUST' had 'excellent' agreement (kappa 0.775-0.893) with MEREC, NRS and SGA tools, 'fair-good' agreement (kappa 0.551-0.711) with HH, MST and MNA-tool tools and 'poor' agreement with the URS tool (kappa 0.255). When categorisation of malnutrition risk differed between tools, it did not do so systematically, except between 'MUST' and MNA-tool (P=0.0005) and URS (P=0.039). 'MUST' and MST were the easiest, quickest tools to complete (3-5 min). The present investigation suggested a high prevalence of malnutrition in hospital inpatients and outpatients (19-60% with 'MUST') and 'fair-good' to 'excellent' agreement beyond chance between 'MUST' and most other tools studied. 'MUST' was quick and easy to use in these patient groups.     

Effects of refeeding by cyclic enteral nutrition on body composition: comparative study of elderly and younger patients

Previous reports suggest that correcting the malnourished state may be more difficult in elderly people than in younger people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 21 days of cyclic enteral nutrition (CyEN) on nutritional and body composition parameters in elderly, compared with younger patients. Twenty-four patients younger than 65 years (mean age 50 years) and 26 patients 65 years of age and older (mean age 75 years) referred for refeeding, having lost at least 20% of their body weight or at least 10% in 3 months, were studied. All patients were ambulatory. Cyclic enteral nutrition was administered nocturnally via a nasogastric tube; in the daytime patients were allowed to eat normally and to walk. Resting energy expenditure was measured at day 0 by indirect calorimetry. Ten anthropometric and biological nutritional parameters and a global nutritional deficiency (GND) were measured at day 0 and 21. Body composition was measured at day 0 and 21 by bioelectric impedance analysis. Total energy intakes were 286% and 280% of resting energy expenditure in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Body weight, serum prealbumin, serum transferrin, 24 h urinary creatinine, and the GND (39.9% vs 23.3%; P < 0.01) improved significantly more in younger than in elderly patients. Fat free mass (3.9 vs 2.4 kg; P < 0.05) and body cell mass (2.7 vs 1.6 kg; P < 0.01) but not fat mass improved significantly more in younger than in elderly patients. In conclusion, 21 days refeeding by cyclic enteral nutrition with similar energy amounts is less effective to correct malnutrition in elderly than in younger patients.     

老年烧伤患者的营养状态评价

目的分析反映老年烧伤患者营养状态的指标的变化规律，以指导营养支持治疗。方法以2004年1月-2007年10月入院的83例年龄超过60岁的轻度烧伤老年患者作为研究对象，以同期人院的20例中青年烧伤患者作对照。将不同性别的老年患者按年龄分别分为60—69岁、70—79岁、≥80岁组，共6组。于入院次日晨起抽取患者空腹静脉血，检测血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、胆碱酯酶、血红蛋白水平，淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比，并将各指标与年龄进行相关性分析，统计患者营养不良的发生率。结果与中青年烧伤患者比较，各年龄段老年烧伤患者的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、胆碱酯酶水平、淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比均不同程度下降，且与年龄呈显著负相关。老年烧伤患者营养不良的总发生率为28．9％，各年龄组营养不良发生率的差异具有显著性（P=0．002），≥80岁组最高（72．7％），60—69岁组最低（18．8％）。老年女性营养不良发生率（40．4％）显著高于男性（13．9％，P=0．000）。结论营养不良在老年烧伤患者中较普遍，年龄越大发生率越高，特别是老年女性，应根据老年烧伤患者营养不良的发生特点采取适当的营养支持措施。