胺碘酮联合倍他乐克预防冠状动脉旁路术后房颤

目的研究胺碘酮联合倍他乐克在预防冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后房颤中的作用。方法常规体外循环(CPB)下CABG患者176例随机分为试验组(90例)和对照组(86例)。对照组术前、术后常规服用倍他乐克。试验组倍他乐克用法同上但加用胺碘酮。两组比较CABG术后房颤的发生率。试验终点为术后第30天。结果CABG术后两组比较,试验组房颤发生率(6.7%)小于对照组(22.1%)(P<0.05)。两组内60岁以下患者房颤发生率比较无统计学意义,两组内60岁以上患者房颤发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组内部<60岁与≥60岁患者房颤发生率比较无区别,而对照组则存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论胺碘酮联合倍他乐克在预防冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后房颤中的作用优于单用倍他乐克,能进一步降低CABG术后房颤的发生率。尤其对于60岁以上患者效果更加明显。我们推荐60岁以上患者,CABG术后在倍他乐克基础上积极应用胺碘酮,预防房颤的发生。     

胺碘酮联合倍他乐克预防冠状动脉旁路术后房颤

目的 研究胺碘酮联合倍他乐克在预防冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后房颤中的作用.方法 常规体外循环(CPB)下CABG患者176例随机分为试验组(90例)和对照组(86例).对照组术前、术后常规服用倍他乐克.试验组倍他乐克用法同上但加用胺碘酮.两组比较CABG术后房颤的发生率.试验终点为术后第30天.结果 CABG术后两组比较,试验组房颤发生率(6.7%)小于对照组(22.1%)(P＜0.05).两组内60岁以下患者房颤发生率比较无统计学意义,两组内60岁以上患者房颤发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组内部＜60岁与≥60岁患者房颤发生率比较无区别,而对照组则存在显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 胺碘酮联合倍他乐克在预防冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后房颤中的作用优于单用倍他乐克,能进一步降低CABG术后房颤的发生率.尤其对于60岁以上患者效果更加明显.我们推荐60岁以上患者,CABG术后在倍他乐克基础上积极应用胺碘酮,预防房颤的发生.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的原因及防治

目的讨论冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的发生原因及防治方法.方法对1998-2003年102例CABG术后患者(其中21例发生AF)进行回顾性研究分析.分析患者的临床资料,包括:年龄、性别、射血分数(EF)、左心房大小、心电图、心肌梗死情况、高血压病史、糖尿病史、搭桥支数、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、术前术后用药情况、AF患者的药物复律及电复律情况.结果CABG术后AF发生率20.6%.应用胺碘酮后转复窦性心律10例,直流电复律3例,应用β受体阻滞剂后自动转复窦性心律3例,持续心房颤动3例,术后早期死于低心排血量2例.结论CABG术后AF的发生与多因素相关.围术期应用β受体阻滞剂、胺碘酮以及术中良好的心肌保护可降低术后心室率,减少AF的发生.术后应积极控制心室率,应用胺碘酮转律对CABG术后AF患者是较好的安全的手段.     

强化他汀对病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤的预防作用

目的探讨强化他汀治疗对病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤的预防作用。方法选择双腔起搏术后仍有阵发性心房纤颤（AF）的患者88例,随机分为观察组与对照组各44例。两组在常规治疗的基础上观察组给予阿托伐汀40 mg,每晚顿服,对照组不予他汀药物治疗。对照组只在术后应用胺碘酮或普罗帕酮,观察组在术前7 d给予阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,每晚顿服,术后加服1个月,同时在术后应用胺碘酮或普罗帕酮。结果观察组术后1年AF发生率、持续时间、AF负荷均小于对照组,同时左房内径和血清C反应蛋白显著也小于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组起搏比例均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论强化他汀对预防病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤有重要作用。     

胺碘酮终止持续性房颤的有效性

药物转复持续时间<24～48h的房颤(AF)非常有效,但对持续时间更长的AF似乎疗效甚微。以往研究显示胺碘酮对这些病人可能有一定效果,但大多数研究仅将胺碘酮用于其它药物无效的AF病例,且均无安慰剂对照。本文采用前瞻性随机单盲对照试验评价胺碘酮作为首选药对持续性AF病人恢复窦律是否优于安慰剂。AF持续时间>48h的67例连续病人(男32例、女35例,平均年龄64±9岁),随机到胺碘酮组33例,安慰剂组34例。两组的基线临床特征相似。胺碘酮组1h静脉用药300mg,继而24h用药20mg/kg。同时口服胺碘酮600mg/d(分三次)一周,然后400mg/d服3周。安慰剂组…     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的高危因素分析

目的　研究冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)后心房颤动 (AF)的发病特点 ,分析AF的高危因素。方法　采用回顾性研究的方法 ,观察我院CABG患者 2 35例 ,监测手术前后心电图、2 4h动态心电图、心肌酶谱、心脏收缩功能、左心房内径、体外循环及主动脉阻断时间、和电解质变化等。结果　 2 35例患者CABG术后 4 2例 (17 9% )发生AF ,81%的AF发生于术后 1～ 3d ,持续 (12 0± 9 14 )h ,95 2 %患者 2 4h内恢复窦性心律 ;高龄 (≥ 70岁 )、低钾血症 (≤ 3 5mmol/L)、低镁血症 (≤ 0 70mmol/L)、左心功能不良[射血分数 (EF)≤ 0 4 0和 /或缩短分数 (FS)≤ 0 2 4 ]、左心房内径≥ 35mm、右冠状动脉狭窄≥ 70 %的患者术后AF发生率明显高于其他患者 (P分别为 0 0 0 1、0 0 0 9、0 0 16、0 0 30、0 0 36和 0 0 4 4 ) ;应用胺碘酮患者AF发生率明显降低。结论　低镁血症、左心房增大、右冠状动脉病变是术后AF的相关因素 ;高龄、左心室功能不良、低钾血症是术后AF的独立高危因素 ;预防应用胺碘酮能明显降低术后心室率 ,有效地抑制术后AF的发生 ,促进AF转复 ,明显改善左心室功能 ,并且具有较好安全性和耐受性 ,是术后AF的保护因素     

胺碘酮在预防心脏瓣膜置换术后房颤中的作用

目的研究胺碘酮在预防心脏瓣膜置换术后高危患者房颤中的作用。方法常规体外循环下92例窦性心律、年龄〉50岁的瓣膜性心脏病择期行瓣膜置换术的患者,随机分为试验组（47例）和对照组（45例）。对照组术后给予常规药物和安慰剂。试验组除常规药物外,术后加用胺碘酮。两组比较瓣膜置换术后房颤的发生率。试验终点为术后第30天。结果瓣膜置换术后两组比较,试验组房颤发生率（8.5%）小于对照组（33.3%）,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论胺碘酮能降低瓣膜置换术后高危患者房颤发生率,有效预防术后房颤的发生。     

静脉胺碘酮治疗冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动伴快速心室率的疗效和安全性

观察静脉胺碘酮对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)伴快速心室率的疗效及安全性。回顾我院CABG术后3日内发生AF伴快速心室率患者159例,AF发作时心室率147.75次±41.02次/分;30～60min内静脉注射负荷量胺碘酮300mg,转复窦性心律或心室率<120次/分后给予胺碘酮0.5～1mg/min持续静脉泵入;心室率仍>120次/分再追加负荷量150～300mg,30～60min内静脉注入。结果:胺碘酮负荷量300～450mg转复窦性心律119例,占75%,仍为AF但心室率<120次/分18例,占11%;负荷量600mg仍为AF且心率>120次/分8例,占5%,出现一过性窦性心动过缓伴窦性停搏2例,占2%。结论:静脉胺碘酮治疗CABG术后AF伴快速心室率安全,有效,副作用少。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的发生率及其危险因素分析

目的调查冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的发生率并分析其危险因素。方法回顾性分析312例行CABG的病例资料,根据术后住院期间(1～3周内)有无AF发生将其分为AF组与非AF组,比较两组临床资料,进行统计学分析,筛选CABG术后AF的独立危险因素。结果103例于CABG术后发生AF,其发生率为33.01%。单因素分析显示AF组高龄(≥70岁)、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大(≥40mm)、AF病史、术前P波时限≥120ms以及血管桥数目≥3支的患者比例明显高于非AF组(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示高龄(≥70岁)、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大(≥40mm)以及AF病史与CABG术后AF有高度相关性。结论CABG术后AF的发生率为33.01%。高龄、术后早期停用β受体阻滞剂、高血压、左房内径增大和AF病史是CABG术后AF的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉搭桥术后心房颤动的危险因素分析

目的分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心房颤动(AF)的危险因素.方法回顾性分析421例CABG患者的病例,将其分为AF组与非AF组,比较二组临床资料,进行统计学分析,筛选高危因素.结果CABG后AF的发生率为36.1%,AF组高年龄(≥60岁)、左房内径增大(≥40mm)、低EF值(≤40%)、搭桥支数多(≥3支)、同期瓣膜置换术的比例明显高于非AF组,差异有统计学意义.相关分析提示,年龄、左房内径、搭桥支数分别与AF有高度的相关性.结论高龄、左房扩大、搭桥支数是CABG后发生AF的危险因素.     

Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation of high-risk patients after coronary bypass grafting: a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study.

AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs often in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) have shown that patients with a longer filtered P-wave duration (FPD) have a high risk of AF after CABG. We have shown that patients with an FPD > or = 124 ms and a root-mean-square voltage of the last 20 ms of the P-wave 20 < or = 3.7 microV have an increased risk of AF after surgery. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not prophylactic peri-operative administration of amiodarone could reduce the incidence of AF in this high-risk group undergoing CABG identified by P-SAECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study, 110 patients received either amiodarone (n = 55) or placebo (n = 55). During CABG, two patients of both groups died. Amiodarone was given as 600 mg oral single dose one day before and from days 2 through 7 after surgery. In addition, amiodarone was also administered intravenously during surgery in a 300-mg bolus for 1 h and as a total maintenance dose of 20 mg/kg weight over 24 h on the first day following surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AF after CABG. The secondary endpoint was the hospitalization length of stay after CABG. The baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment groups. The incidence of post-operative AF was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the amiodarone group (85 vs. 34% of patients, P < 0.0001). The prophylactic therapy with amiodarone significantly reduced the intensive care (1.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 2.4 +/- 1.5 days, P = 0.001) and hospitalization length of stay (11.3 +/- 3.4 vs. 13.0 +/- 4.3 days, P = 0.03). In the amiodarone group, concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone differed significantly between patients with AF and sinus rhythm (amiodarone: 0.96 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.4 microg/mL, P = 0.02; desethylamiodarone: 0.65 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.1 microg/mL, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-operative AF among high-risk patients was significantly reduced by a prophylactic amiodarone treatment resulting in a shorter time of intensive care unit and hospital stay. Our data supports the prophylactic use of amiodarone in peri-operative period in patients at high risk for AF after CABG.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的相关危险因素研究

目的研究冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后心房颤动（AF）的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院427例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的病例资料,并根据术后是否发生房颤分为AF组和非AF组。比较两组资料,进行统计分析,筛选高危因素。结果本组CABG术后心房颤动发生率为21．31％。单因素分析,年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、P波离散度、RCA近中段狭窄〉50％、左心房内径（LAD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、采用体外循环与否、同期行瓣膜手术与否、移植血管数目差异均具有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析提示,年龄〉65岁、P波离散度〉40s、RCA近中段狭窄〉50％、LAD〉40mm、LVEF≤40％均与术后房颤发生有显著相关性。结论年龄〉65岁、P波离散度〉40s、RCA近中段狭窄〉50％、LAD〉40mm、LVEF≤40％是CABG术I暑皂鲕倍士的倍除隅壹     

围术期应用胺碘酮对冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的作用

目的探讨胺碘酮对冠心病手术后心房颤动(简称房颤)的预防作用。方法195例冠心病冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,随机分为两组,A组97例术前口服胺碘酮,开始为200mg,3次/天,连服7天后,改为200mg/天至手术前,术后当天静脉使用胺碘酮,能进食后改为200mg/天口服。B组98例,按常规不予胺碘酮治疗,观察两组患者术后各种并发症情况,房颤发生率及心室率的变化。结果A组房颤发生率、房颤时心室率均低于B组(分别为12.4%vs38.8%;112±12次/分vs134±15次/分,P均<0.05)。结论胺碘酮能安全有效降低冠心病手术后房颤的发生率,减慢房颤发生时的心室率。     

缬沙坦联合胺碘酮对持续性心房颤动复律及复律后窦性心律维持率的影响

目的观察缬沙坦联合胺碘酮对持续性心房颤动复律及复律后窦性心律维持率的影响。方法选择持续性心房颤动患者96例,随机分为两组,治疗组49例,给予缬沙坦及胺碘酮治疗,对照组47例给予安慰剂及胺碘酮治疗。随访1年,观察两组心房颤动转复率和转复后3、12个月时心房颤动复发率,以及转复时及转复后12个月左心房内径（LAD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）变化。结果心房颤动转复率治疗组（87．8％）与对照组（85．1％）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。心房颤动复发率转复后3个月及12个月治疗组（14．0％、2312％）均小于对照组（32．5％、54．5％）（P〈0．05或0．01）,转律后12个月LAD治疗组[（44．3±065）mm）]较对照组[（469±0．54）mm]变小（P〈0＋05）,LVEF治疗组[（56．8±8．64）％]较对照组[（52．3±908）％]升高（P〈0．05）。结论缬沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗持续性心房颤动在减少心房颤动的复发率以及改善心功能方面优于单独使用胺碘酮。     

胺碘酮联合氯沙坦预防心房颤动复律后复发

目的观察胺碘酮联合氯沙坦治疗阵发性和持续性心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的疗效。方法80例具有转复窦性心律指征的阵发性和持续性心房颤动患者随机分为两组,单用胺碘酮治疗组（n=40）和胺碘酮＋氯沙坦治疗组（n=40）,12个月后停用胺碘酮,共随访18个月,观察药物对两组患者窦性心律的维持率及心房重构的影响。结果随访第12月和18月,窦性心律维持率在单用胺碘酮治疗组分别为45．9％和35．1％,在胺碘酮＋氯沙坦治疗组分别为79．5％和56．0％;胺碘酮＋氯沙坦组显著高于胺碘酮组（P均〈0．05）。胺碘酮＋氯沙坦组转变为永久性心房颤动患者（8例）显著低于单用胺碘酮治疗组（13例）,（P〈0．05）。左心房直径在单用胺碘酮组治疗前后有显著变化[治疗前（37．7±6．2）mm,治疗18月后时39．2±6．5mm）（P〈0．05）],而胺碘酮＋氯沙坦组无显著改变[治疗前（38．1±5．8）mm,治疗18月后（38．4±6．1）mm]。结论胺碘酮联合氯沙坦能提高心房颤动复律后维持窦性心律的疗效和防止心房结构重构。     

小剂量口服胺碘酮在心脏瓣膜疾病合并心房颤动患者围术期的应用

目的 评估围术期口服胺碘酮对心脏瓣膜疾病合并心房颤动患者术后心房颤动心律的转复和窦性心律维持,以及术后并发症的影响.方法 78例心房颤动且择期行心脏瓣膜手术的患者被分为试验组（38例）和对照组（38例）.试验组开始口服胺碘酮每天2次,每次200 mg至术后第3天,术后第4天至出院前胺碘酮剂量改为每天1次,每次200 mg.对照组以安慰剂代替胺碘酮,服药时间、剂量和方法同实验组.比较两组术后窦性心律的转复和维持、有无低心排血量综合征、心律失常发生及类型、重症监护病房停留时间、住院时间、出院时心房颤动患者的心律和心室率,及术前、术后患者肝功能、甲状腺功能的变化,有无发生肺纤维化.结果 术后两组比较,试验组窦性心律患者比例在手术复跳时（39.4％ vs.10.5％,P＜0.01）、出院前（46.7％ vs.2.6％,P＜0.01）及术后1个月（36.8％ vs.2.6％,P＜0.01）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.试验组与对照组比较,术后快速性心房颤动（15.8％ vs.31.6％,P＜0.05）、发作时心室率[（136.5±25.2）次/min vs.（158.6±30.9）次/min,P＜0.05]及室性心律失常（7.9％ vs.18.4％,P＜0.05）低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.试验组重症监护病房停留时间[（40.9±11.2）hvs.（58.5±13.8）h,P＜0.05）]、心房颤动患者出院时心室率[（74.2±8.4）次/min vs.（91.7±10.2）次/min,P＜0.05]均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义.两组患者术后无死亡,无肝功能及甲状腺功能异常及无肺纤维化.结论 行心脏瓣膜置换或整形手术的心房颤动患者围术期口服胺碘酮可明显提高患者术后窦性心律转复率、维持窦性心律时间、降低快速心房颤动及室性心律失常发生率,对心室率的控制满意,减少重症监护病房入住时间,无明显不良反应.     

Comparison of effectiveness and safety of ranolazine versus amiodarone for preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and increases the morbidity and cost. Amiodarone reduces AF after CABG. Ranolazine, an antianginal agent, also prolongs atrial refractoriness and inhibits after depolarizations and triggered activity; effects that could decrease AF after CABG. The present study compared amiodarone versus ranolazine for the prevention of AF after CABG. A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing CABG at Aspirus Hospital from June 2008 to April 2010. The patients received either amiodarone (400 mg preoperatively followed by 200 mg twice daily for 10 to 14 days) or ranolazine (1,500 mg preoperatively followed by 1,000 mg twice daily for 10 to 14 days). The primary end point was any identified AF after CABG. A total of 393 consecutive patients undergoing CABG (mean age 65 ± 10 years, 72% men) received either amiodarone (n = 211 [53.7%]) or ranolazine (n = 182 [46.3%]). AF occurred in 26.5% of the amiodarone-treated patients compared to 17.5% of the ranolazine-treated patient (p = 0.035). The univariate predictors of AF included amiodarone use, age, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The multivariate predictors of AF included amiodarone use (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.91, p = 0.045 vs ranolazine), age (odds ratio 2.2 per 10 years, 95% confidence interval 1.63 to 2.95, p <0.001), and chronic lung disease (odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 3.43, p = 0.049). No difference was found in the risk of adverse events between the 2 therapies. In conclusion, ranolazine was independently associated with a significant reduction of AF compared to amiodarone after CABG, with no difference in the incidence of adverse events. Randomized studies should be conducted to confirm these results.     

Cost-effectiveness of targeting patients undergoing cardiac surgery for therapy with intravenous amiodarone to prevent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of administering prophylactic intravenous (IV) amiodarone therapy to patients undergoing cardiac surgery according to their predicted risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiovascular surgery that is associated with a significant increase in hospitalization costs. Intravenous amiodarone has been shown to decrease the incidence of postoperative AF. METHODS: All 8,709 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1,217 patients who underwent valve replacement and 624 patients who underwent CABG and valve replacement procedures (CABG + valve) from January 1, 1994, to June 30, 1999, at Emory University Hospitals were studied. Models predicting the risk of AF were developed using logistic regression; linear regression was used to estimate the influence of AF on hospitalization costs. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated for patient subsets identified according to their predicted risk of AF. RESULTS: Postoperative AF rates were 17.7% for CABG, 24.6% for valve and 33.8% for CABG + valve. Using 5,000 dollars as an acceptable cost per episode of atrial fibrillation averted, prophylactic IV amiodarone in CABG patients was not found to be cost-effective. Therapy would be recommended for roughly 5% of valve patients with a predicted risk of atrial fibrillation >45%, and roughly two thirds of CABG + valve patients who have a predicted risk of >30%. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic IV amiodarone varies according to type of surgery and the predicted risk of atrial fibrillation. Older patients undergoing valve replacement, particularly those with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those undergoing concomitant CABG are likely to be the most appropriate candidates for IV amiodarone therapy in the perioperative period.     

胺碘酮联合美托洛尔静脉注射治疗快速心律失常的临床观察

目的观察快速心律失常患者采用胺碘酮联合美托洛尔行静脉注射治疗的临床效果。方法本次研究101例对象,皆为我院2011年4月~2013年4月接诊的快速心律失常患者,皆签署知情同意书愿意配合本次研究。随机分为研究组与对照组,其中对照组50例,单用胺碘酮治疗,研究组51例患者,在对照组方式上加用美托洛尔联合治疗。对比分析两组患者临床治疗效果、不良反应发生情况,以及治疗前后心率与血压的变化情况。结果研究组患者治疗有效率为96.08%(49/51),明显优于对照组的66.00%(33/50),对比有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后心率较治疗前皆有明显下降,组内对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同时研究组下降更为明显,组间对比有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者治疗后血压有明显下降,组内对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组组内对比无统计学意义(P0.05),研究组治疗后血压改善比对照组更明显(P0.05),有统计学意义。结论快速心律失常患者,采用胺碘酮联用美托洛尔静脉注射治疗可以取得比单用胺碘酮更为明显的效果,疗效确切,不良反应少,血压与心率改善更为明显,值得临床借鉴。