小探头超声内镜对十二指肠降部隆起性病变的诊治价值

目的 研究小探头内镜超声检查(mEUS)对十二指肠降部隆起性病变的诊断价值,并行内镜下结扎或电切除治疗,探索十二指肠降部隆起性病变的诊治方法.方法 对60例患者的72个十二指肠降部黏膜下隆起病变行超声内镜检查,判断其起源,确立内镜诊断.根据不同病变选择内镜下结扎治疗或电切除术.部分病例经手术或病理证实.结果 72个十二指肠降部黏膜下病变中,间质瘤33个,囊肿27个,脂肪瘤9个,血管瘤3个,根据不同的病变选择结扎治疗或内镜下电切除术,未发生内镜治疗相关的并发症.3个月后复查见原病变处已形成瘢痕.结论 小探头内镜超声检查对十二指肠降部黏膜下病变有重要的诊断价值,在其指导下的结扎或电切除术对十二指肠降部隆起病变有良好的治疗作用.     

超声内镜对内镜治疗消化道隆起性病变的指导价值

目的评价超声内镜对消化道隆起性病变的诊断价值及指导内镜下微创治疗消化道隆起性病变的疗效及安全性。方法对157例内镜下诊断为消化道隆起性病变进行超声内镜检查，其中36例进行内镜下治疗（套扎、电切、内镜下黏膜切除术、穿刺等），外科治疗19例。结果21例源于黏膜层的息肉、6例源于黏膜肌层的间质瘤、3例源于固有肌层的间质瘤及1例异位胰腺、1例食管囊肿、1例食管癌经内镜下治疗。3例囊肿行内镜下穿刺治疗。除1例术后出血外，其余手术都安全，无其他并发症出现。术后回访2～30个月无复发。结论超声内镜为内镜微创治疗选择隆起性病变适应证具有良好的指导作用，部分病变内镜下可安全有效地切除。     

上消化道黏膜下肿瘤内镜下诊治分析

目的：探讨内镜在上消化道黏膜下肿瘤诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法：内镜结合超声内镜进行临床诊断，高频电切及其它方法对直径小于2cm良性肿瘤行内镜下治疗。结果：48例内镜治疗后病理确诊黏膜下肿瘤，仅6例术前活检病理确诊，21例术前接受超声胃镜检查，其中16例与术后病理符合。47例1次切除，1例2次以上切除。单纯高频电切除24例，皮圈或尼龙圈套扎后切除12例，血管瘤栓塞和套扎治疗2例，黏膜切除术10例，均未发生严重并发症。结论：黏膜下肿瘤术前诊断主要依据形态学，超声胃镜可判断肿瘤起源层次，确诊有赖术后病理。内镜下治疗对机体损伤小，并发症少。为较小黏膜下肿瘤治疗首选方法。     

超声内镜在154例上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者微创治疗中的应用

目的 探讨超声内镜指导下内镜微创治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的应用价值.方法 对内镜发现的154例上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者根据超声内镜检查结果选择不同内镜微创治疗方案,术后常规行病理学及免疫组化检查,定期内镜随访.结果 154例采用内镜微创治疗,其中皮圈套扎术83例、高频电凝电切37例、内镜黏膜切除术26例、内镜黏膜下剥离术8例.除1例因出血中转手术外,其余均成功切除病灶,无严重出血、穿孔等并发症.超声内镜诊断与术后病理性质符合率为92.8％,来源层次符合率90.6％.113例内镜术后随访1～24个月,未见复发.结论 在超声内镜指导下选择不同方法进行内镜下切除黏膜下肿瘤是一种安全、有效的微创治疗手段.     

超声内镜诊断食管黏膜下肿瘤并行内镜下微创治疗的疗效观察

目的 评价超声内镜对食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)的诊断及治疗价值,探讨内镜黏膜下切除术(EMR)、内镜黏膜下分片切除术(EPMR)、内镜下套扎术(EVL)治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 对内镜检查中发现的57例食管黏膜下肿瘤行超声内镜检查.根据食管黏膜下肿瘤的起源层次、性质及病变大小决定行内镜下EMR、EPMR、内镜下套扎治疗,完整切除病变,全瘤整体活检.结果 57例食管黏膜下肿瘤,病变最大直径0.4～3.0 cm,平均1.25 cm,隆起性病变位于食管上段8例,中段34例,下段15例;起源于黏膜肌层的食管平滑肌瘤38例,起源于黏膜下层的脂肪瘤4例,食管囊肿3例,孤立静脉瘤3例,起源于黏膜层的宽蒂食管息肉5例,起源于黏膜下层的侧向发育型肿瘤2例,神经纤维瘤2例;49例行内镜下EMR治疗,6例病变最大直径超过2 cm者行内镜下EPMR治疗,6例食管囊肿和孤立性静脉瘤行内镜下套扎治疗,EMR手术时间15～25 min,平均18 min.5例术中出血,经内镜下喷洒止血药物、电凝、氩离子凝固术治疗及金属钛夹钳夹止血,无术后出血,无穿孔.所有EMR、EPMR切除病变“全瘤”送检病理确诊,基底和切缘未见病变累及.术后1.5、3及6个月随访,创面愈合,无病变残留和复发.结论 超声内镜能够对食管黏膜下肿瘤进行起源和定性诊断,可指导黏膜下肿瘤的治疗.大多数食管黏膜下肿瘤行EMR、EPMR治疗简便、安全,可以完整切除食管病变,提供完整的病理诊断资料.     

高频小探头超声辅助内镜下治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤

目的探讨高频小探头超声辅助内镜下高频电凝电切圈套切除术治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的安全性和疗效。方法治疗前经高频小探头超声评估和未经评估的分别为84例和110例，采用高频电凝电切圈套切除术治疗直径0．5～3．0cm上消化道黏膜下肿瘤，严密观察有无出血、穿孔等并发症，切除组织全部送组织病理学检查，术后定期门诊随访。结果经高频小探头超声评估后内镜下高频电凝电切圈套切除术治疗成功率100％（84／84），无1例出现大出血、穿孔等严重并发症；而未经超声内镜评估的治疗成功率85．69％（101／110），3例出现大出血，4例穿孔，两组病例随访2～60个月均未见肿瘤复发。结论高频小探头超声辅助内镜下高频电凝电切圈套切除术治疗上消化道黏膜下肿瘤是一项安全、有效的方法。     

超声内镜辅助诊断胃窦异位胰腺与指导选择最佳治疗方案26例分析

目的 探讨超声内镜对异位胰腺的诊断与指导选择内镜下最佳治疗方案套扎联合高频电切除术、内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)、内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)的临床应用价值.方法 2008年8月～2010年5月该院诊断异位胰腺患者26例,均先行超声内镜检查明确病变来源、范围及周边情况后再根据患者具体情况选择实施最适合患者的内镜下治疗方案.结果 7例选择套扎联合高频电切除术治疗的患者均完整切除病灶,未发生严重并发症,无复发;8例选择EMR治疗,2例复发,均未出现严重并发症;11例选在ESD治疗,均完整切除病灶,无复发,穿孔1例,活动性出血4例.结论 超声内镜辅助诊断异位胰腺并指导选择内镜下最佳治疗方案是一种可靠、简洁、高效的方法,可在术前为操作者提供最可靠的信息,从而选择治疗方案,大大降低了治疗费用,减轻了患者痛苦.     

内镜超声指导内镜下皮圈套扎联合高频电切除术对胃异位胰腺的诊断和治疗价值

目的 提高对胃异位胰腺的诊断及治疗水平.方法 分析20例来源于黏膜下层的胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)患者的超声内镜(EUS)特征,对其行内镜下皮圈套扎联合高频电切除术,并将检查结果与术后病理结果进行对照.结果 20例SMT患者EUS诊断胃异位胰腺17例,脂肪瘤3例.病理组织学检查后确诊异位胰腺18例,脂肪瘤2例.EUS诊断准确率达94.4%.结论 超声内镜对胃异位胰腺的诊断有一定的价值,内镜切除是安全有效的治疗方法.     

食管黏膜下肿物内镜下治疗配合技术的研究

目的探讨食管黏膜下肿物内镜下治疗配合技术的方法。方法对317例食管黏膜下肿物的患者,经内镜超声微探头探查,有197例来源于黏膜深层,对有内镜下治疗适应证,且同意内镜下治疗的89例患者,根据肿物所在部位及大小选择不同的内镜下治疗方法,对治疗配合技术进行分析总结。结果内镜下治疗89例患者,其中83例行内镜下高频电凝电切术,4例行内镜下勒扎术,2例行内镜下单环套扎术。无迟发出血和穿孔等并发症发生。复查病变全部根除,无残留。结论对无内镜下治疗禁忌证的食管黏膜下肿物,无论选择内镜下高频电凝电切术,还是内镜下尼龙绳勒扎术或是内镜下套扎术,均是安全可靠,行之有效的。     

小探头内镜超声对十二指肠黏膜下病变的诊断

目的:探讨小探头内镜超声检查(mEUS)对十二指肠黏膜下病变的诊断价值。方法:对69例患者的71个内镜提示十二指肠黏膜下病变作mEUS检查,分析其检查结果。结果:71个十二指肠黏膜下病变中,检出囊肿33个,间质瘤15个,脂肪瘤8个,黏液腺瘤2个,血管瘤1个。mEUS诊断的正确率为88.9%。结论:小探头内镜超声检查对十二指肠黏膜下病变有较大的诊断价值。     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in submucosal lesion

A submucosal lesion, more appropriately a subepithelial lesion, is hard to diagnose. Endoscopic ultrasonography is good to differentiate the nature of submucosal lesion. For definite diagnosis, tissue acquisition from submucosal lesion is necessary, and many methods have been introduced for this purpose mainly by endoscopic ultrasonography, such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), EUS-guided Trucut Biopsy (TCB), and EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB). For EUS-FNA, adequate processing of specimen is important, and for proper diagnosis of EUS-FNA specimen, both cytologic and histologic examinations, including immunohistochemical stains, are important. All gastrointestinal stromal tumors have some degree of malignant potential, so there have been a lot of efforts and methods to increase diagnostic yields of submucosal lesion. We herein review the current hot topics on EUS-FNA for submucosal tumor, such as needles, on-site cytopathologists, immunohistochemical stains, EUS-TCB, EUS-FNB, Ki-67 labelling index, DOG1, and combining EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB.     

Guillotine needle biopsy as a supplement to endosonography in the diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors.

The presumptive diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors can be made by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) but histological confirmation is still required. A special guillotine biopsy device (Flexi-Temno) which enables collection of adequate submucosal samples by the endoscopic approach was therefore evaluated. After visualization by EUS the guillotine needle biopsy was performed in 21 patients with submucosal tumors of the stomach. There were 2 failures in 2 patients with leiomyomas. The diagnosis suggested by EUS was confirmed by guillotine biopsy in 17 cases. Guillotine biopsy detected 2 cases of unsuspected leiomyosarcoma which were confirmed surgically. In cases of solid submucosal tumors confirmed on EUS, the guillotine needle biopsy enables a definitive histologic diagnosis. Thus malignancies can be detected when EUS findings are not significant.     

甲状腺腺瘤和单纯结节性甲状腺肿的临床病理特征分析

[目的]探讨甲状腺腺瘤(TA)和单纯的结节性甲状腺肿(NG)的临床病理特征及细针穿刺对两者诊断及鉴别的价值.[方法]收集经本院手术病理证实为甲状腺疾病患者734例的病案资料,按照WHO最新病理分类标准对其进行以病理形态学为主的复验和分析.[结果]复验结果显示,734例甲状腺疾病患者中,结节性NG178例,TA368例,甲状腺癌84例,甲状腺炎40例,弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿62例,淋巴瘤2例,与复验前比较结节性NG增加18例,而TA减少18例,其余无变化;术中冷冻切片诊断对病变恶性程度的判断准确率为100%,定类准确率为88.24%;细针穿刺诊断的准确率较低,仅为77.78%(70/90),其中对甲状腺滤泡性癌的诊断最为困难.[结论]TA和单纯NG大多都存在囊性变,病理鉴别诊断较困难,细针穿刺活检诊断的准确率不高,需要结合病史及实验室检查结果方能作出准确的诊断.     

超声内镜下大肠黏膜下癌的高频声像特征

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miniprobe ultrasonography on colonoscope in the diagnosis of submucosal tumor of the large intestine and determine it's imaging characteristic. [ Methods] Thirty- five patients with submucosal tumors of the large intestine underwent miniprobe (Olympus UM -2R,12 MHz; UM -3R, 20 MHz) ultrasonography on colonoscope. The results were compared with pathological findings of specimens by biopsy and surgical resection. [ Results] Lipomas were visualized as hyperechoic homogeneous masses located in the submucosa with a distinct border. Leiomyomas were visualized as hypoechoic homogeneous mass originated from the muscularis propria. Leiomyosarcomas were shown with inhomogeneous echo and irregular border.Carcinoids waere presented as a submucosal hypoechoic mass with a homogenous echo and distinct border. Lymphangiomas were shown as submocosal hypoechoic masses with cystic septal structures. Malignant lymphomas displayed as hypoechoic mass from mucosa to muscularis propria, while pneumatosis cystoids intestinalis originated from submucosa with a special sonic shadow. One large leiomyoma was misdiagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. [ Conclusion ]Endoscopic miniprobe ultrasonography can provide precise information about the size, layer of origin, border and has a high accuracy in the diagnosis of submucosal tumor of the large intestine. Pre - operative miniprobe ultrasonography on colonoscope may play an important role in the choice of therapy for submucosal tumor of the large intestine.     

Impalpable thoracic bony lesions diagnosed by sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy.

Impalpable osteolytic lesions may be detected and diagnosed by ultrasonography and sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy. Eleven cases with bone destruction found on chest radiographs were proved to be malignant by sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy. The bony lesions were all hypoechoic and could be demonstrated easily. No complications or discomfort occurred after needle aspiration. Bony lesions can be detected by ultrasonography only when pathologic changes have occurred. Ultrasonography and sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy provide a simple, convenient, and non-invasive method for detecting and diagnosing impalpable osteolytic lesions.     

支气管镜刷检与镜下针吸术在细胞学诊断中的应用研究

目的研究支气管镜毛刷涂片细胞学诊断与针吸活检、针吸活检印片细胞学诊断对肺部肿瘤诊断的差异。方法对130例肺病变患者采用经支气管镜毛刷涂片、针吸活检、针吸活检印片分别进行病理组织学诊断和细胞学分析。结果支气管镜毛刷涂片、针吸活检、针吸活检印片的总阳性率分别是65．9％和86．3％,92．4％。结论经支气管镜针吸印片的总阳性率明显高于毛刷涂片的阳性率（P〈0．01）,同时也高于针吸活检的阳性率。     

Subcutaneous needle-tract seeding after fine needle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic liver metastasis.

A case of subcutaneous neoplastic seeding after fine needle aspiration biopsy of a pancreatic liver metastasis is reported. Neoplastic seeding is a rare complication after fine needle biopsy (FNB). The seeding appeared 3 months after the biopsy with a subcutaneous hypoechoic nodule; diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration of the nodule. The neoplastic seeding did not change the outcome of the patient.     

囊性肾癌的CT 诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 旨在提高囊性肾癌的术前正确诊断率。方法 复习经手术病理证实的囊性肾癌１０例及ＣＴ误诊囊性肾癌的出血性肾囊肿３例。结果 典型囊必 癌诊断铉高（９０％）。滞圾房间隔不规则增厚及囊壁经节,伴实性成分增强后有强化。囊肿内及囊肿周围肾实质内出现异常软组织影或密度变低为肿瘤另一征象。复杂肾囊肿术前不能完全与囊性肾癌区别,多种影像方法有助区别。结论ＣＴ在囊性肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中是有价值的常用检查方法;鉴     

甲状腺癌超声诊断为TI-RADS2-3类原因分析

[目的]分析甲状腺癌超声诊断为超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS) 2～3类的原因,提高对不典型甲状腺癌的认识,减少不必要的误诊.[方法]回顾性分析30例甲状腺癌超声诊断为TI-RADS 2～3类的临床资料及超声图像特征.[结果]30例术前超声诊断为TI-RADS 2～3类的甲状腺肿块术后病理分别为微小乳头状癌17例,乳头状癌3例,滤泡状癌6例,髓样癌4例,其中11例合并桥本甲状腺炎.[结论]甲状腺癌误诊为TI-RADS 2～3类的原因多为肿决位于复杂的甲状腺背景或微小癌合并有多发良性结节或单发表现不典型甲状腺髓样癌.可疑甲状腺结节需行细针穿刺.     

超声内镜对结直肠黏膜下病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜(EUS)在结直肠黏膜下病变诊断和治疗中的作用。方法对结直肠黏膜下病变进行EUS检查。根据黏膜下病灶的起源层次,部分患者接受深挖活检、超声内镜引导下细针穿刺吸取活检术(EUS-FNA)、内镜下治疗或外科手术。回顾性分析EUS诊断结果与临床病理的相关性。结果 EUS检查的74例患者中,诊断神经内分泌肿瘤28例(均位于直肠);脂肪瘤15例(其中位于回盲部4例、横结肠1例、升结肠8例、乙状结肠2例);直肠间质瘤2例(固有肌层和黏膜肌层各1例);外压性改变14例(卵巢肿瘤9例,淋巴结2例,盆腔肿瘤3例);囊肿5例(横结肠4例、升结肠1例);气囊肿1例;乙状结肠子宫内膜异位3例;直肠周边恶性肿瘤侵犯4例;肠道淋巴瘤2例。所有病灶均接受深挖活检、EUS-FNA、内镜下治疗或外科手术。最终病理和EUS诊断符合率为68/74(91.9%),其中2例EUS考虑直肠类癌最后病理确诊为黏膜肌层来源的平滑肌瘤。1例考虑脂肪瘤最终确诊为肠道淋巴瘤。2例考虑直肠周边恶性肿瘤最终为炎性包块,1例考虑子宫内膜异位症最终诊断为直肠癌。结论 EUS能清晰地显示消化道各层结构,能清楚显示结直肠黏膜下病变的大小、起源及其与相邻结构的关系,并且能较精确地判断各种病变的性质,进而指导结直肠黏膜下病变的治疗。