Effects of subcutaneous sumatriptan on plasma growth hormone concentrations in migraine patients

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 5-HT1D receptors in migraine using sumatriptan as a pharmacological probe. The drug stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) and this effect may be used to explore the function of cerebral serotonergic systems in vivo. We administered sumatriptan and placebo to 15 migraineurs and to 10 controls. Blood samples were collected -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min after injection. Placebo had no effect on hormone concentrations. Sumatriptan induced a significant (P<0.01) increase in GH concentrations both in migraine patients and healthy controls. The GH increase was not significantly different in the two groups. Our results suggest that cerebral serotonergic functions mediated by 5-HT1D receptors are not altered in migraine. Sumatriptan overuse could lead to adverse effects mediated by its neuroendocrine activity.     

腹腔镜结肠癌手术对机体应激反应及能量代谢的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助和开腹结肠癌根治术对患者机体应激反应及能量代谢的影响.方法 选择沈阳军区总医院普通外科2005年1月-2007年5月收治的结肠癌患者40例.20例行腹腔镜辅助根治术(腹腔镜组):20例行开腹根治术(开腹组).比较分析两组患者术前及术后第1天至第3天外周静脉血血糖(BG)、胰岛素(Ins)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、促甲状腺激素刺激激素(TSH)、皮质醇(CS)及静息能量消耗(REE)的变化.结果 两组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、术后病理分期等方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前两组BG、Ins、T3、T4、TSH及CS无差异.两种术式术后第1天BG及CS均升高.腹腔镜组BG及CS至术后第2夭恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).开腹组BG及CS至术后第3天恢复互术前水平(P＞0.05).两组相比,开腹组术后第2天BG及CS水平明显高于腹腔镜组(P＜0.05).两种术式术后第1天Ins、T3及T4均降低,腹腔镜组Ins、T3及T4至术后第2天恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).开腹组Ins、T3及T4至术后第3天恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).两组相比,开腹组术后第2天Ins、T3及T4水平明显低于腹腔镜组(P＜0.05).腹腔镜组与开腹组TSH术后与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后第1、2、3天KEE较术前明显升高(P＜O.05),术后第1天两组升高幅度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后第2天腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结肠癌手术者机体应激反应持续时间短,反应强度低.同传统开腹手术一样,均可导致术后早期高代谢状态的发生.但腹腔镜手术更有利于患者机体高能量代谢的恢复.     

不同运动方式对自发性高血压大鼠骨骼肌纤维类型与代谢的影响

目的:探讨不同运动方式对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)骨骼肌纤维类型及代谢的影响,为高血压患者最佳运动处方制定提供科学依据和有效方法。方法:30只3月龄雄性SHR随机分为安静组(SHR sedentary,SHR-S)、中等强度持续有氧运动组(SHR moderate continuous aerobic training,SHR-MCAT)和高强度间歇运动组(SHR high-intensity interval training,SHR-HIIT),同时以10只雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠作为正常血压对照组(WKY)。WKY和SHR-S组安静饲养,SHR-MCT、SHR-HIT组分别进行8周持续和间歇跑台运动。实验后利用递增负荷跑台实验测定力竭时间(exhaust time,ET),分离胫骨前肌(快肌,Ⅱ型肌纤维为主)和比目鱼肌(慢肌,Ⅰ型肌纤维为主),利用比色法测定柠檬酸合酶(citrate synthase,CS)(有氧代谢标志物)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)(无氧代谢标志物)...     

亚低温复合黄芩素甙对脑缺血后沙土鼠海马组织能量代谢的影响

目的研究亚低温复合黄芩素甙对脑缺血后沙土鼠海马组织能量代谢和病理学的影响.方法采用沙土鼠前脑缺血模型,缺血时间10分钟.于再灌注60分钟测定ATP及腺苷酸池的含量,再灌注第4日进行组织病理学检查.结果常温组ATP含量[(0.51±0.19)mmol/g]较假手术组明显降低[(0.97±0.11)mmol/g,P＜0.01],亚低温组[(0.73±0.08)mmol/g]或黄芩素甙组[(0.70±0.08)mmol/g]均高于常温组(P均＜0.05),亚低温复合黄芩素甙组ATP含量[(0.83±0.05)mmol/g]明显高于亚低温组或黄芩素甙组(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);海马CA1区存活神经元计数亚低温组或黄芩素甙组均较常温组明显增多(P均＜0.01),而与亚低温复合黄芩素甙组相比则明显减少(P均＜0.01).结论亚低温复合黄芩素甙能减少脑缺血后海马CA1区锥体细胞延迟性死亡,其机制可能与其能减轻能量代谢障碍有关.     

中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响

目的:总结骨骼肌能量代谢和运动能力的关系及中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响。资料来源:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1996-01/2006-01关于骨骼肌能量代谢与运动的关系及其中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的相关文章,检索词“中草药”“运动”“骨骼肌”“能量代谢”,限定文章语言种类为中文。同时阅读相关内容的书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取与骨骼肌能量代谢和运动能力的关系,中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响相关的文章,然后筛除与以上文章无明显联系的文章。纳入标准:详细阐述骨骼肌能量代谢与运动及其中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的文献,排除重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集到46篇关于骨骼肌能量代谢与运动及中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响文章,排除重复性研究35篇,9篇符合纳入标准用以综述。资料综合:①近年来对能量代谢的研究主要集中于对代谢途径与提高各代谢系统的供能效率,以满足各种不同运动对能量的需求,骨骼肌能量代谢与运动的关系主要与磷酸原系统、糖酵解系统、有氧氧化系统3大供能系统相关。三磷酸腺苷和磷酸肌酸组成了人体最快速的供能系统,即磷酸原供能系统,由于磷酸原系统的特点在长时间的运动项目中,它在运动开始时最早启动,为激活糖酵解供能系统提供了过渡时间。糖酵解的供能能力是决定运动成绩的主要因素。有氧代谢是耐力运动时的基本能量供应途径。②中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响:中草药可以通过调节糖代谢来增加机体内的糖原储备,提高机体的运动能力。中草药对骨骼肌有氧氧化代谢的影响。中草药能消除骨骼肌内乳酸堆积。中草药调节能量代谢酶的活性增强运动能力。结论:中草药能够调节糖代谢及增加糖元储备,提高机体的有氧氧化能力,消除骨骼肌内乳酸的堆积,提高代谢酶的活性从而达到调节骨骼肌的能量代谢,进一步提高机体的运动能力。     

中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响

目的：总结骨骼肌能量代谢和运动能力的关系及中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响。 资料来源：应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1996—01／2006-01关于骨骼肌能量代谢与运动的关系及其中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的相关文章，检索词“中草药”“运动”“骨骼肌”“能量代谢”，限定文章语言种类为中文。同时阅读相关内容的书籍。 资料选择：对资料进行初审，选取与骨骼肌能量代谢和运动能力的关系，中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响相关的文章，然后筛除与以上文章无明显联系的文章。纳入标准：详细阐述骨骼肌能量代谢与运动及其中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的文献，排除重复性研究。 资料提炼：共收集到46篇关于骨骼肌能量代谢与运动及中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响文章，排除重复性研究35篇，9篇符合纳入标准用以综述。 资料综合：①近年来对能量代谢的研究主要集中于对代谢途径与提高各代谢系统的供能效率，以满足各种不同运动对能量的需求，骨骼肌能量代谢与运动的关系主要与磷酸原系统、糖酵解系统、有氧氧化系统3大供能系统相关。三磷酸腺苷和磷酸肌酸组成了人体最快速的供能系统，即磷酸原供能系统，由于磷酸原系统的特点在长时间的运动项目中，它在运动开始时最早启动，为激活糖酵解供能系统提供了过渡时间。糖酵解的供能能力是决定运动成绩的主要因素。有氧代谢是耐力运动时的基本能量供应途径。②中草药对骨骼肌能量代谢的影响：中草药可以通过调节糖代谢来增加机体内的糖原储备，提高机体的运动能力。中草药对骨骼肌有氧氧化代谢的影响。中草药能消除骨骼肌内乳酸堆积。中草药调节能量代谢酶的活性增强运动能力。 结论：中草药能够调节糖代谢及增加糖元储备，提高机体的有氧氧化能力，消除骨骼肌内乳酸的堆积，提高代谢酶的活性从而达到调节骨骼肌的能量代谢，进一步提高机体的运动能力。     

Profound reduction of somatic and visceral pain in mice by intrathecal administration of the anti-migraine drug, sumatriptan

Sumatriptan and the other triptan drugs target the serotonin receptor subtypes1B, 1D, and 1F (5-HT(1B/D/F)), and are prescribed widely in the treatment of migraine. An anti-migraine action of triptans has been postulated at multiple targets, within the brain and at both the central and peripheral terminals of trigeminal "pain-sensory" fibers. However, as triptan receptors are also located on "pain-sensory" afferents throughout the body, it is surprising that triptans only reduce migraine pain in humans, and experimental cranial pain in animals. Here we tested the hypothesis that sumatriptan can indeed reduce non-cranial, somatic and visceral pain in behavioral models in mice. Because sumatriptan must cross the blood brain barrier to reach somatic afferent terminals in the spinal cord, we compared systemic to direct spinal (intrathecal) sumatriptan. Acute nociceptive thresholds were not altered by sumatriptan pre-treatment, regardless of route. However, in behavioral models of persistent inflammatory pain, we found a profound anti-hyperalgesic action of intrathecal, but not systemic, sumatriptan. By contrast, sumatriptan was completely ineffective in an experimental model of neuropathic pain. The pronounced activity of intrathecal sumatriptan against inflammatory pain in mice raises the possibility that there is a wider spectrum of therapeutic indications for triptans beyond headache.     

腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌对患者氧化应激、能量代谢的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌对患者氧化应激、能量代谢的影响.方法 将我院收治的90例结直肠癌患者按治疗方式分为对照组(45例,传统开腹术治疗)和观察组(45例,腹腔镜根治术治疗).比较两组围手术期指标及氧化应激、能量代谢及炎症指标水平.结果 观察组术中出血量少于对照组,术后首次排气时间、正常进食时间及住院时间均短...     

Effects of acute or chronic administration of anti-migraine drugs sumatriptan and zolmitriptan on serotonin synthesis in the rat brain

Triptans are 5-HT1 receptor agonists used as anti-migraine drugs. They act primarily on meningeal blood vessels and on trigeminovascular afferents, but they may also exert central effects. We studied the regional effects of acute and chronic treatment with sumatriptan or zolmitriptan on the rate of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the rat brain, using the alpha-14C-methyl-L-tryptophan quantitative autoradiographic method. Sumatriptan at low (300 microg/kg, s.c.) and high (1 mg/kg) doses, as well as zolmitriptan (100 microg/kg), acutely decreased (15-40%, P < 0.05-0.001) 5-HT synthetic rate in many brain regions, including the dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronically, sumatriptan (21 days, approximately 300 microg/kg per day via osmotic minipumps) induced significant increases in the 5-HT synthesis rate in many projection areas but had no effect in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The acute effects on 5-HT synthesis rate would be compatible with activation of 5-HT1 autoreceptors that inhibit serotonin release. In contrast, the increased 5-HT synthesis rate observed after chronic sumatriptan might possibly result from a down-regulation/desensitization of 5-HT1 receptors and/or unmasking of excitatory triptan-sensitive 5-HT receptors. Overall, the present findings indicate that not only zolmitriptan but also sumatriptan affect brain serotonergic neurotransmission.     

Pharmacogenetics of methylation: relationship to drug metabolism

Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited variation in drug response. Genetic differences in drug metabolism are the most common causes for inherited variations in drug response or adverse reactions to medications. Methyl conjugation is an important pathway in the biotransformation of many drugs. Experiments performed during the past decade showed that individual variations in the activities of enzymes that catalyze S-methylation, O-methylation and N-methylation are under genetic control in human tissue. These inherited variations are responsible for individual differences in metabolism, effect, and toxicity of drugs that undergo methyl conjugation. The approach used to study the pharmacogenetics of methylation may also be applicable to the study of inherited variations in other pathways of drug metabolism.     

超氧化物歧化酶对失血性休克大鼠能量代谢的影响

观察失血性休克大鼠重要生命器官细胞能量代谢的变化及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的保护作用。发现:随着休克的进展,大鼠心、肝、肾组织三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、磷酸激酶(CP)含量呈进行性减少,至休克2h,较对照组显著降低。经SOD治疗后,其含量明显增加,接近或达到正常水平,SOD并能显著提高休克动物的时间存活率及延长其存活时间。结果提示:氧衍生自由基的反应性损伤,可能是失血性休克细胞能量代谢障碍的重要原因;静脉注射SOD能有效地对抗氧自由基的这种损伤作用,从而保护休克时的能量代谢。     

Effect of CGRP and sumatriptan on the BOLD response in visual cortex

To test the hypothesis that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) modulates brain activity, we investigated the effect of intravenous CGRP on brain activity in response to a visual stimulus. In addition, we examined if possible alteration in brain activity was reversed by the anti-migraine drug sumatriptan. Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to receive CGRP infusion (1.5 μg/min for 20 min) or placebo. In vivo activity in the visual cortex was recorded before, during and after infusion and after 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan by functional magnetic resonance imaging (3 T). 77% of the participants reported headache after CGRP. We found no changes in brain activity after CGRP (P = 0.12) or after placebo (P = 0.41). Sumatriptan did not affect brain activity after CGRP (P = 0.71) or after placebo (P = 0.98). Systemic CGRP or sumatriptan has no direct effects on the BOLD activity in visual cortex. This suggests that in healthy volunteers both CGRP and sumatriptan may exert their actions outside of the blood–brain barrier.     

黄芪注射液对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏线粒体呼吸及能量代谢的影响

目的:探讨黄芪对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾脏功能及线粒体呼吸和能量代谢的影响。方法:选择SD大鼠24只,按随机数字表法分为DN模型组(DN组)、黄芪注射液干预组(黄芪组)和正常对照组(对照组),每组各8只。DN组及黄芪组使用链脲佐菌素制作DN大鼠模型,黄芪组加予黄芪注射液灌胃,正常组和DN组同时给予等量的生理盐水,连续喂养6周。检测空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血清肌酐、24 h尿量及尿蛋白定量,留取肾组织,高效液相色谱法检测ATP、ADP、AMP,提取线粒体,氧电极法检测线粒体3态呼吸速率(T3)、4态呼吸速率(T4)和呼吸控制率(RCR)。结果:与DN组大鼠比较,黄芪组大鼠的血糖水平、血尿素氮、血清肌酐、尿蛋白定量下降,24 h尿量增加,肾脏组织线粒体T3和RCR升高,ATP、ADP含量增加,P均<0.05。结论:黄芪可能通过改善DN大鼠肾脏线粒体呼吸功能及能量代谢,改善DN大鼠肾脏的功能。     

不同麻醉下电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑能量代谢及氧供需平衡的影响

目的观察脑缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠颈静脉血糖、乳酸和血氧饱和度的变化,以及不同麻醉下电针对大鼠颈静脉血糖、乳酸和血氧饱和度的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组,即:假手术组(SH)、水合氯醛+脑缺血再灌注组(CL+CI/R)、水合氯醛+脑缺血再灌注+电针组(CL+CI/R+EA)、异丙酚+脑缺血再灌注组(P+CI/R)、异丙酚+脑缺血再灌注+电针组(P+CI/R+EA),每组8只。采用4-VO法建立大鼠全脑缺血模型,于再灌流开始后,CI/R+EA组电针"百会""命门"和"足三里"穴,电针参数:频率30~50 Hz,间断疏密波,电流强度1 mA,以局部肌肉轻微震颤为度,时间20 min。在缺血后24 h,从右颈静脉抽取0.5 mL血样,进行血糖、乳酸和血氧饱和度的测定。结果CL+CI/R组大鼠的颈静脉血糖和血氧饱和度显著高于SH组(P0.01),乳酸值则低于SH组(P0.01),P+CI/R组大鼠的颈静脉血糖和血氧饱和度明显高于SH组(P0.05),乳酸值则显著低于SH组(P0.01);与CL+CI/R组相比,CL+CI/R+EA组和P+CI/R+EA组的颈静脉血糖和血氧饱和度显著降低(P0.01),而乳酸值则显著升高(P0.01);与P+CI/R组相比,实施电针治疗的P+CI/R+EA组的颈静脉血糖显著降低(P0.01),而乳酸值则明显升高(P0.05);P+CI/R组的颈静脉血糖明显低于CL+CI/R组的血糖(P0.05)。结论针刺治疗可明显改善脑缺血再灌注大鼠的糖代谢,增加脑细胞对葡萄糖和氧的摄取和利用,不同的静脉麻醉药物对电针治疗效果的影响无显著差异性。     

运动对糖、脂代谢的影响

本文通过对运动营养研究中有关运动中碳水化合物补给与脂肪动员氧化等热点问题的概述,分别介绍了运动对糖、脂代谢影响研究中的新观点与运动中糖脂代谢的相互影响。     

根皮苷可增强索拉非尼抑制肝癌细胞能量代谢及活力

目的：探讨根皮苷联合索拉非尼对肝癌细胞能量代谢与凋亡的影响。方法：将根皮苷5 μmol/L和（或）索拉非尼5 μmol/L作用于HepG2细胞48 h后,检测肝癌细胞活力、肝癌细胞葡萄糖摄取与细胞内ATP含量、caspase-3活力与凋亡细胞计数。结果：索拉非尼组肝癌细胞活力降低,与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;索拉非尼与根皮苷联合组肝癌细胞活力进一步降低,与其他各组（对照组、索拉非尼组及根皮苷组）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根皮苷组葡萄糖摄取及ATP生成减少,与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;索拉非尼与根皮苷联合组葡萄糖摄取及ATP生成进一步减少,与其他组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。索拉非尼组与根皮苷组caspase-3活力与细胞凋亡较对照组增强（P<0.05）;索拉非尼与根皮苷联合组caspase-3活力与细胞凋亡进一步增强,与其他组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：根皮苷可以通过抑制肿瘤细胞ATP生成和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡来提高索拉非尼疗效。     

Treatment with sumatriptan 50 mg in the mild phase of migraine attacks in patients with infrequent attacks: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Most migraine patients with infrequent attacks are currently not treated with migrainespecific medication such as triptans. The response of these patients to triptans is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan 50 mg vs. placebo in migraine patents with infrequent migraine attacks when medication is taken during the mild phase of an attack. The study design was double-blind, placebocontrolled, parallel-group and randomised. Migraine patients were recruited by general practitioners and referred to one of 4 study centres. Additional patients were recruited by advertising. The patients were eligible for the study if they had between 6 and 12 migraine attacks with or without aura per year. The patients were instructed to take the medication during the mild phase of a single attack. The primary efficacy measure was the percentage of patients pain-free after 2 h. Fortysix percent of treated attacks were moderate or severe. In the intention-to-treat analysis, sumatriptan was superior (20/51 patients were pain-free) to placebo (8/47 patients pain-free) (p=0.03). Adverse events (AEs) occurred more frequently after sumatriptan (40%) than after placebo (13%) (p=0.003) and most AEs were mild or moderate. In this migraine population with infrequent attacks, sumatriptan was superior to placebo and was generally well tolerated.     

老年骨骼肌能量代谢与肌酸补剂的影响

背景:研究认为肌酸补剂能够安全有效的消除增龄性骨骼肌质量降低.目的:综述关于肌酸补剂对老年人骨骼肌能量代谢,骨骼肌运动能力及生命质量影响的文献,探讨肌酸为什么对延迟肌肉衰减症的发生是有效的.方法:以"肌酸;老年人;骨骼肌;磷酸肌酸;力量"为中文检索词,以"creatine; old adults; skeletal muscle; phosphocreatine; strength"为英文检索词.应用计算机检索PubMed数据库和中国知网中文期刊全文数据库2011-03前发表的相关文章.纳入肌酸补剂对老年人骨骼肌能量代谢和运动能力的影响研究相关的文献,排除重复性研究.结果与结论:共检测到72篇文献,排除无关重复的文献,保留38篇文献进行综述.研究了近年有关肌酸对骨骼肌细胞内能量代谢,骨骼肌形态,肌酸对老年人生活质量影响的研究文献.结果表明肌酸能够增强老年人的肌肉力量,使肌肉肥大,运动能力提高.肌酸是一种安全,价格便宜和有效的营养补剂,尤其结合抗阻力训练时服用对减缓由于增龄引起的肌肉失用效果很好.     

培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌能量代谢及超微结构的影响

目的 研究培哚普利对异丙肾上腺素(lSO)诱导的慢性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠心肌能量代谢和超微结构的影响。方法 55只雄性SD大鼠随机(随机数字法)分为对照组(C组)和模型组。模型制备采用皮下多点注射ISO法,4周后模型组再随机(随机数字法)分为未治疗组(M组)和培哚普利治疗组(P组)。平均治疗5周后进行二维心脏超声检查,测定心肌组织中ATP、ADP、AMP、乳酸(LA)含量、肌浆网Ca2 -ATP酶(SERCA)活性以及进行病理形态学的观察。结果 与未治疗组相比,培哚普利治疗组大鼠左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)分别提高了3.25％和7.33％。光镜和电镜结果显示,培哚普利治疗组心肌损伤程度较模型组明显减轻。与对照组相比,未治疗组大鼠心肌ATP、AMP、TAN(总腺苷)和LA含量均显著下降(P＜0.05),但培哚普利治疗组大鼠心肌ADP、AMP、ATP/ADP和TAN(总腺苷)含量与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。与未治疗组相比,培哚普利治疗组大鼠心肌SERCA活性提高了16.41％ (P ＞0.05)。结论 培哚普利能够改善心力衰竭大鼠心肌能量代谢、病理和超微结构。     

Therapeutic benefit of eletriptan compared to sumatriptan for the acute relief of migraine pain--results of a model-based meta-analysis that accounts for encapsulation

A novel model-based meta-analysis was used to quantify the dose-response relationship of sumatriptan and eletriptan for the proportion of patients that achieve migraine pain relief up to 4 h after treatment. The proportion of patients that became pain free was also evaluated. This analysis includes some unique features, allowing comparison of sumatriptan and eletriptan doses that have not been directly compared in a head to head study and also permitting comparison between the two drugs at multiple time points up to 4 h after treatment. Because the analysis allows comparison of response to blinded sumatriptan with that to marketed sumatriptan and contains timepoints as early as 0.5 h, it is especially suited to detection of possible effects of encapsulation on sumatriptan's therapeutic effectiveness and thus was employed to assess this also. Data from 19 randomized placebo controlled clinical trials were jointly analysed using a random-effects logistic regression model. The results of this analysis show a significant clinical benefit of eletriptan 40 mg compared to sumatriptan 100 mg at any point in time up to 4 h after treatment. The benefit of eletriptan 40 mg is greatest around 1.5-2 h after treatment with an absolute difference at 2 h of 9.1% (7.4-11.5%) more patients achieving pain relief and 7.3% (5.8-8.6%) more patient achieving pain free when compared to sumatriptan 100 mg. An absolute benefit of more than 5% of patients is maintained from 45 min up to 4 h after treatment for pain relief and from 1.5 h up to 4 h for pain free. Eletriptan 20 mg was superior to sumatriptan 50 mg and similar to sumatriptan 100 mg for pain relief while it was similar to sumatriptan 50 mg for pain free. The benefit of eletriptan 20 mg when compared to sumatriptan 50 mg is greatest around 1.5-2 h after treatment with an absolute difference at 2 h of 5.0% (2.9-8.1%) more patients achieving pain relief. An absolute benefit of more than 3% of patients was maintained from 1 h up to 3 h after treatment. No significant difference was found between eletriptan 20 mg and sumatriptan 50 mg for the fraction of patients that became pain free. No significant effect of encapsulation of sumatriptan was found on the time course of response up to 4 h after treatment when compared to commercial sumatriptan.