Is Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Always Able to Detect the Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Action on Neovascular Membrane?

PurposeTo show the presence of an active neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration even if optical coherence tomography (OCT) does not detect intra- or subretinal edema.MethodsThis is a retrospective case report. During the follow-up after the intravitreal injection, 3 patients showed no intraretinal or subretinal edema by OCT; however, there was a progressive reduction in their visual acuity; thus, a fluorangiography (FA) examination was performed.ResultsIn these 3 cases, FA showed an active neovascular network.ConclusionOCT could show a real reduction in the edema, but it is not always able to detect neovessel presence. Intravitreal injection could improve the vessel permeability without care and delete the neovascular network.     

Quantitative Evaluation of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Optical Coherence Tomography in the Rat Retina

Purpose To determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect early retinal changes after ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats.Methods The intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated to induce retinal ischemia in brown Norway rats. After 90min of ischemia, the IOP was reduced, and after reperfusion of 1, 2, 4, or 7 days, OCT was performed. After the OCT examination, the eyes were enucleated and histological sections were made.Results The OCT-determined mean retinal thickness was 168 ± 16.9µm in the untreated control group, and 177 ± 2.16, 170 ± 7.55, 159 ± 5.34, and 140 ± 5.56µm on days 1, 2, 4, and 7, respectively, in the ischemia–reperfusion group. The histologically determined retinal thicknesses correlated with those obtained by tomographic images, but the histologic thicknesses were 9.5% to 18.5% thinner than those obtained by OCT. Fixation and dehydration of the histological specimens most likely caused tissue shrinkage.Conclusions OCT can detect retinal changes quantitatively after ischemia–reperfusion injury, and the retinal thicknesses obtained from OCT images are probably a better measure of the true retinal thickness than those measured on histological sections. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:109–113 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005     

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease

Purpose: To report the imaging characteristics of acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective study, patients with acute VKH (n = 10; mean age: 30.5 ± 13.43 years) underwent multimodal imaging (baseline and follow-up) using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), OCT, and OCTA. The OCTA images were analyzed to assess the retinochoroidal vasculature and compared with other imaging techniques.

Results: During the active stage, all eyes showed multiple foci of choriocapillaris flow void that correlated with ICGA. These foci decreased in number and size after initiation of therapy. In one patient, flow void areas reappeared after cessation of therapy without any detectable change on ICGA. This patient soon developed clinical recurrence requiring re-initiation of immunosuppression.

Conclusions: OCTA allows high-resolution imaging of inflammatory foci suggestive of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion in acute VKH disease non-invasively. OCTA may be very helpful in the follow-up of such patients.     

Comparison of Enhanced Depth Imaging and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Assessment of Choroidal Thickness in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease

Purpose: To compare enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in assessment of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease.

Methods: All consecutive VKH patients seen at Singapore National Eye Centre during 2012–2013 were imaged using both modalities. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured by one masked trained observer.

Results: A total of 137 pairs of scans were obtained from 48 patients. SFCT was more likely to be measurable on SS-OCT than EDI-OCT (112, 81.8%; 84, 61.3%; p<0.001 Fisher’s Exact test). There was good inter-OCT correlation of SFCT when both scans were measureable (mean of the difference in SFCT ± 2 standard deviations (SD) of –14.5 ± 21.0 μm).

Conclusions: SS-OCT images are superior to EDI-OCT but the SFCT measurements are comparable when both are readable.     

Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Behçet Disease

Abstract

Purpose: Investigation of subfoveal choroidal thickness in Behçet disease (BD) with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Methods: The study included 35 patients with posterior uveitis (PU) associated with BD, 35 patients with BD without ocular involvement, and 30 healthy controls.

Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, axial length, or spherical equivalent refractive error. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was thinner in eyes with PU than in eyes without PU and healthy controls (p?=?0.026).

Conclusion: EDI-OCT is a beneficial test for evaluating choroid morphology in BD. Thinning of the subfoveal choroidal tissue has been observed in patients with BD-associated PU.     

Evaluation of Choroidal and Retinal Thickness Changes in Parkinson’s Disease Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and methods: Participants in our study were 31 PD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundoscopy, and SD-OCT. Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and choroidal thickness in all quadrants were recorded. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in average, superior, and temporal RNFL thickness, average ganglion cell complex, and choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area and in all quadrants between patients with PD and controls. Conclusions: The role of the choroidal vasculature in the pathophysiology of PD should be further scrutinized.     

Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Quantification of Photoreceptor Injury and Recovery in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Uveitis

Purpose: To determine if the inflammatory composition of subretinal fluid in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) serous retinal detachments is predictive of photoreceptor injury, and to quantify photoreceptor recovery, following resolution of these detachments.

Methods: Optical density (OD) measurements of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were used to derive the fibrinous index, a measure of the inflammatory composition of subretinal fluid. In order to assess photoreceptor status, photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) volume was measured from SD-OCT scans.

Results: The fibrinous index of subretinal fluid in VKH uveitis was strongly correlated with the PROS volume following resolution of subretinal fluid (r = –0.70, p = 0.006). Following fluid resolution, both PROS volume (p < 0.0001) and visual acuity (p = 0.0015) improved.

Conclusions: The fibrinous index of subretinal fluid during the acute stage of VKH can predict photoreceptor status following resolution of subretinal fluid. PROS volume is a useful measure of photoreceptor recovery in VKH.