脂肪肝供体对良性肝病肝移植预后的影响

目的:探究脂肪肝供体对良性肝病肝移植预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年12月因良性肝脏疾病于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院行肝移植术的229例受者以及供体的临床资料。按照供肝脂肪变性程度,分为无脂肪肝组168例,轻-中度脂肪肝组43例,重度脂肪肝组18例,首先分析肝移植术后的总体预后情况,对比供体及受...     

边缘供肝应用于肝脏移植的研究进展

目的 探讨边缘供肝的种类及其在肝移植中的应用前景。方法 复习国外有关边缘供肝应用于临床肝移植的最新进展。结果 高龄供体、缺血时限较长供体、脑死亡供体和脂肪肝供体是几种临床意义较大的边缘供肝。结论 虽然边缘供肝的使用给肝脏移植带来负面效应，然而其能扩大供肝来源且疗效确切。     

成人活体部分肝移植的临床抉择

目的 探讨成人活体部分肝移植中供肝移植物大小与术式的临床抉择。方法 采用文献回顾的方法对活体部分肝移植中供体的评估、供肝大小的判断与选择、切取术式，以及供体安全性等加以综述。结果 供肝移植物大小是影响供体安全性与受体预后的关键因索，临床有带肝中静脉的左半肝移植、含左侧尾叶的扩大左半肝移植、右半肝移植以及带肝中静脉的扩大右半肝移植可供选择，以使供肝与受体标准肝大小之比(GW／ESLW)≥30％，供肝与受体体重之比(GW／BW)≥0.8％。结论 根据GW／ESLW以及GW／BW预测值．结合肝脏解剖特点．选择合理的供肝切除术是具有重要的临床意义。     

肝脏脂肪变性及其对肝移植的影响

肝脏脂肪变性在脑死亡供体和活体供肝者中都较为常见,且冷保存后和移植物原发性无功能(primary nonfunction,PNF)密切相关,后者对肝移植受体会引起严重不良的后果。如何在目前器官短缺的情况下,促进脂肪肝这一边缘性供肝在肝移植中的应用成为临床医生所面临的一个新问题。本文就肝脏脂肪变性的发病率、供肝评估方法及其对肝移植的影响等问题作一综述。     

成人间活体肝移植供体行改良扩大右半肝切除的安全性

目的:探讨成人间活体肝移植(A-A LDLT)供体接受带肝中静脉(MHV)的改良扩大右半肝切除术的安全性.方法:2006年6月至2008年1月,23例成人间活体肝移植的供体作了右半肝切除,其中15例为不含MHV的右半肝移植物(第1组,n=15),8例为含MHV的右半肝移植物(第2组,n=8).选择供体作含MHV的改良扩大右半肝切除术,需满足以下条件:供体残留肝脏>35%,且脂肪肝<10%;移植物不足受体标准肝体积(SLV)的60%;供体MHV右侧有2支以上粗大的V5、V8分支需保留.结果:两组供体在年龄、脂肪肝比例和肝脏残留比例等方面都没有显著差异,手术时间和出血量也没有明显差别.第1组供体的体重和全肝体积要大于第2组,这可能是因为随着我们手术经验的增加,在供体体重小于受体或供肝相对不够大时,会更倾向于使用含MHV的移植物有关.这使得第2组的移植物重量(GW)与第1组的差不多大小,且两组间的GW/SLV、GCRW也无显著差异.而两组供体的术后恢复情况均令人满意,两组残肝的增生比例并没有很大差异.由于第2组术前肝脏体积较小,因此与原肝脏大小比较时,第2组残肝恢复的比例要明显大于第1组.结论:供体行含MHV的改良扩大右半肝切除术,较容易得到更大的移植物,而第4段的少量淤血,可能会增加残肝的增生速度.对于无明显脂肪肝且残留肝脏超过35%的健康供体,切取含MHV的右半肝移植物仍然是安全的.     

成人-儿童间双供体活体肝脏移植一例报告

在活体肝移植中,供肝移植物达到受体标准肝体积的50%是满足受体正常肝功能的必要条件[1],主要的解决方法是切取供体占全肝60%～70%的右半肝、采用辅助式原位肝移植或给一个受体植入2个移植物.既往文献报道中,双供体活体肝移植都用于成人间[2-5],而成人-儿童间的双供体活体肝移植尚未见报道.     

原位肝移植11例报告

目的探讨受体肝脏获取和原位肝移植的方法。方法获取11例供体肝脏,检查肝质量,观察肝植入后功能;对11例患者施行原位肝移植,总结手术情况及相关并发症,统计成功率和生存情况。结果成功获取供体肝脏,植入受体后发挥良好功能;11例肝移植全部成功,患者存活良好。结论供体肝脏功能良好,肝移植的成功率和受术者的生存情况都令人满意。     

大鼠双供体肝移植模型的改进

目的建立改良的大鼠双供体肝移植模型。方法在经典供体Y型双髂静脉再通双侧肝移植物和受体门静脉和胆管的基础上,通过增加大鼠体质量、右侧移植物增加右下叶、适度的胆管长度、修剪Y型血管、"三角形法"吻合的方法,改进大鼠双供体肝移植模型。记录双供体肝移植手术时间、冷缺血时间、热缺血时间及无肝期;观察受体的术后并发症发生情况;分析受体术后7、30 d的存活情况。结果大鼠双供体肝移植的手术时间为(114±7)min,冷缺血时间为(36±3)min,热缺血时间为(9.7±1.6)min,无肝期为(19.9±2.2)min。受体大鼠术后并发症发生率为31%(5/16),包括2例腹腔积液、1例出血、1例胆漏、1例呼吸梗阻。受体大鼠术后7、30 d生存率分别为81%(13/16)、56%(9/16)。结论改良后的大鼠双供体肝移植技术,可以建立稳定的大鼠双供体肝移植模型,值得推广应用。     

活体肝移植的现状与展望

供体器官短缺是当前全世界肝移植面临的共同难题。随着移植受体的不断增多，供体短缺矛盾日益突出。为缓和这对矛盾，20世纪末活体肝移植应运而生。1989年Strong等利用成人左肝外侧叶对一个胆道闭锁的患儿成功实施了世界首例活体肝移植，1994年Yamaoka等成功开展了首例成人活体右半肝移植。     

体外膜肺氧合在心脏死亡器官捐献供体肝移植中的应用进展

供肝短缺已经成为制约肝移植发展的重要因素,心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供体是扩大供体池的一个重要来源。应用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)技术可提高DCD供肝的质量,增加器官捐献供体池,改善肝移植受体的预后。本文综述了ECMO对DCD供体器官支持的基本原理和操作技术、ECMO用于DCD供体肝移植的研究进展及存在的问题,提示ECMO在我国DCD供体肝移植中具备较大的发展潜力和应用前景。     

虚拟肝技术在肝脏外科中的应用

<正>虚拟肝是利用外科学、临床解剖学、现代影像学、计算机图形学、图像处理和虚拟现实技术进行多学科交叉研究,研发出计算机软件系统,利用病     

Indications for liver biopsy in liver tumors

Significant progress has been made in the assessment of liver dysfunction by application of non-invasive physical and biochemical test procedures. However, liver biopsy remains an important tool for diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis of chronic liver diseases and hepatic neoplasms. Liver biopsy results are most useful when the biopsy is performed for well-defined indications following a complete work-up of the patient. In case of lesions highly suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma, a biopsy should be performed in case surgical (curative) treatment is no option. Thus for the planning of a surgical intervention, biopsy of the tumor is not necessary. In case of concomitant liver cirrhosis, a biopsy taken from the non-neoplastic (cirrhotic) liver may help to assess the functional capacity or to clarify the etiology. Metastases of the liver with unknown primary tumor should be biopsied to obtain information of the primary tumor and the potential for cytostatic therapy. In case of hemangioma or focal nodular hyperplasia, diagnosed and confirmed by radiology or ultrasound, biopsy is usually not necessary. Concern has been expressed about seeding of the needle tract with malignant cells. Indeed, such instances have been recorded with various carcinomas, but they remain rare events and are seldom of clinical importance. With the use of needles with diameter < 1.3 mm to minimise also the risk of bleeding, the procedure is simple, safe and painless.     

脂肪沉着供肝在肝脏移植中的应用

目的探讨供肝脂肪浸润程度与肝脏移植病人预后的关系。方法天津市第一中心医院2002年1～12月间供体采用UW液灌注的首次肝脏移植病人71例，根据供肝脂肪浸润程度分为四组，比较各组问术后谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）水平、ICU时间及1年移植物存活率等各项指标。结果轻度脂肪肝组与无脂肪肝组的术后ALT、AST、ICU时间、1年移植物存活率均无显著性差异，中度脂肪肝组的术后ALT、AST、ICU时间均高于轻度及无脂肪肝组，但1年移植物存活率一致，三组均无移植物原发无功（PNF）发生。重度脂肪肝组只有2例，故未作统计学分析，其中1例发生PNF，于术后第2天行再次移植手术。结论轻、中度脂肪肝均可应用于l临床肝移植，对病人预后无影响；重度脂肪肝PNF发生率较高，不宜应用。     

Parenchymal liver injury in orthotopic liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: A 35-year period of clinical development resulted in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) becoming a standardized surgical procedure. Despite this progress, the rate of technical complications is still high. Although the main problem in most analyses is vascular or bile duct failure, we observed a remarkable number of parenchymal liver injuries that led to intraoperative problems. Our aim, therefore, is to present an overall report on the incidence, treatment, and clinical course of parenchymal liver injuries in OLT. METHODS: Five hundred seventy-two consecutive OLT procedures performed between 1988 and 1998 were analyzed in a retrospective study. Parenchymal liver injury was diagnosed by means of examination of the surgical reports. Donor- and recipient-related data followed the medical report. The lesions were classified according to the Organ Injury Scale. RESULTS: Parenchymal liver injury was diagnosed in 23 patients (4%). The lesions were classified as grade Ia (13.1%), grade Ib (13.1%), grade IIb (52.1%), grade IIIa (17.1%), and grade IIIb (4.3%). In 19 patients (82.6%), the lesion was detected during OLT, and in four patients (17.4%), during relaparotomy. The latter group showed significantly higher-grade injuries. Treatment was suture or fibringlue alone, 17.4%; fibringlue and hemostyptics, 26.1%, mesh wrapping 30.4%, and mesh packing 26.1%. Seven patients (30.4%) underwent relaparotomy. Further active bleeding was not found in any of them. Statistical analysis found a correlation between injury grade and relaparotomy rate. No patients died as a result of parenchymal liver injury. CONCLUSIONS: Parenchymal liver injuries can be treated well, with no adverse effect on patient or graft survival. An early decision concerning the surgical procedure for controlling hemorrhage is required. A basically aggressive therapeutic approach might avoid further complications relating to reperfusion edema.     

Role of liver progenitors in liver regeneration

During massive liver injury and hepatocyte loss, the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the liver by replication of resident hepatocytes is overwhelmed. Treatment of this condition depends on the cause of liver injury, though in many cases liver transplantation (LT) remains the only curative option. LT for end stage chronic and acute liver diseases is hampered by shortage of donor organs and requires immunosuppression. Hepatocyte transplantation is limited by yet unresolved technical difficulties. Since currently no treatment is available to facilitate liver regeneration directly, therapies involving the use of resident liver stem or progenitor cells (LPCs) or non-liver stem cells are coming to fore. LPCs are quiescent in the healthy liver, but may be activated under conditions where the regenerative capacity of mature hepatocytes is severely impaired. Non-liver stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the first section, we aim to provide an overview of the role of putative cytokines, growth factors, mitogens and hormones in regulating LPC response and briefly discuss the prognostic value of the LPC response in clinical practice. In the latter section, we will highlight the role of other (non-liver) stem cells in transplantation and discuss advantages and disadvantages of ES cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), as well as MSCs.     

体外肝切除自体肝移植在复杂肝切除中的应用

目的 评估体外肝切除自体肝移植在巨大肝癌患者复杂肝切除中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年5月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的4例巨大原发性肝癌患者的临床资料.肿瘤最大直径10 ～ 18 cm,病灶不同程度地累及了第一、二、三肝门.患者难以耐受常规肝切除,均行体外肝切除自体肝移植.结果 4例患者顺利完成手术,手术时间690 ～840 min,无肝期250～300 min,术中出血量400～1400 ml,术中无肝期未行门、腔静脉转流术.4例患者在体外肝切除后行下腔静脉或肝静脉及门静脉修复成型,均应用成型异体血管来延长剩余肝脏肝上腔静脉以利于腔静脉吻合及第一肝门的重建.本组患者1例术后肝功能正常,1例出现腹腔出血再次手术止血,1例发生肝功能不全,1例出现肝肾功能不全于术后5d放弃治疗而死亡.3例术后生存的患者术后1～2个月间剩余肝脏均发生不同程度的代偿增生.术后生存的3例患者中2例分别于术后8、9个月发现肺部多发转移瘤,分别于术后13个月及15个月死亡.随访截至2012年4月,1例患者无瘤生存37个月.结论 体外肝切除自体肝移植为复杂肝切除的巨大肝癌患者提供了技术上的可行性,术后肝功能代偿不全及近期肿瘤的复发是限制该手术发展的主要问题.     

不规则肝切除术和规则肝切除术在肝癌手术切除中的比较

【摘要】 目的〓探究不规则肝切除术和规则肝切除术在巨大肝癌手术切除中的临床应用及比较。方法〓本研究回顾性分析2006年6月至2014年6月罗定市人民医院收治的原发性肝癌肝切除手术患者,对已实施的不规则性肝切除术与规则性肝切除术两组病例进行比较。包括两组手术的围手术期各个指标及术中、术后各个指标进行比较。结果〓规则肝切除组中的手术时间、术中出血、输血浆、输红细胞量、住院时间及并发症发生率均明显地高于不规则肝切除组的情况,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而肿瘤能完整切除的最大直径显著小于不规则肝切除(P<0.05);二者在死亡率的比较上无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论〓与规则肝切除相较,不规则肝切除在腹部手术史引起严重腹腔内组织粘连、肝功能分级较差、肿瘤数目较多及小肝癌中均体现了明显的优势。而对于肿瘤体积较大的肝癌患者,规则肝切除则更为有效。     

Temporary liver transplantation in acute liver failure.

The ability of a heterotopic graft to prolong life in animals dying in hepatic coma due to liver necrosis has never been definitely established. Acute hepatic failure was produced in 15 dogs by an hour of total interruption of the hepatic blood supply. Nine dogs received an intrathoracic hepatic homograft concurrently. Nontransplanted dogs died within 21 hours in hepatic coma, while transplanted dogs survived significantly longer (P less than .001). In all transplanted dogs, biological signs of hepatic failure were corrected in 24 hours. In four animals, the graft was removed on the fifth postoperative day. Two of those survived for 10 and 15 days respectively with normal hepatic function. These results demonstrate that a temporary heterotopic liver transplant is able to support life during the acute, normally lethal phase in dogs with massive liver necrosis.