Adenoidectomy vs endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of pediatric sinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare endoscopic sinus surgery with adenoidectomy for the treatment of refractory chronic sinusitis in children. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study in a pediatric otolaryngology service of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six children consecutively referred to the pediatric otolaryngology service between 1994 and 1997 with computed tomographic documentation of sinusitis subsequently underwent endoscopic sinus surgery or adenoidectomy. Their ages ranged from 2 to 14 years. Sixty-one children received follow-up. Two main outcomes were documented: (1) symptom status at least 6 months after the intervention and (2) requirement of the alternate procedure or a revision procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-four (77%) of 31 children who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery had improved symptoms, compared with 14 (47%) of 30 children who underwent adenoidectomy (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; P = .01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that endoscopic sinus surgery was significantly better than adenoidectomy after age, sex, allergy, asthma, day care attendance, and computed tomographic stage were adjusted for (OR, 5.2; P = .03). The diagnosis of asthma also appeared to be an independent predictor of success (OR, 4.37; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery is better than adenoidectomy for the treatment of refractory chronic sinusitis in a select group of children.     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎

目的探讨鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法对36例66侧儿童慢性鼻窦炎患者行鼻内镜鼻窦手术。结果36例患儿治愈28例(77.78%),好转6例(16.67%),无效2例(5.56%),总有效率94.44%。结论在严格掌握适应证的情况下,鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎疗效确切,是治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的有效方法。     

Normalization of maxillary sinus mucosa after functional endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric chronic sinusitis

OBJECTIVES: To observe the recovery of maxillary sinus mucosa after endoscopic sinus surgery in children with chronic maxillary sinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was used to perform a middle meatal antrostomy, leaving the antral mucosa intact for later observation. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2003, 43 children with chronic sinusitis were enrolled in the study. Pre-operative patient profiles, including a history of symptoms, signs and allergies, were collected. Phidiatap test was used to check allergy. Saccharine transit time tests were performed for each side of the nasal cavity. Under endoscopic observation, the antral mucosa was macroscopically divided into edematous and polypoid types. RESULTS: Sixty-four (76.2%) of the 84 antrums had edematous type mucosa in which 73.4% (48/64) of cases were found to have returned to normal within 8 weeks. The polypoid antral mucosa exhibited a slower recovery with 80% (16/20) returning to normal within 4 months. The preoperative saccharine transit time significantly correlated with recovery of the antral mucosa (p < 0.05), but allergy did not (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The antral mucosa in children with chronic maxillary sinusitis was predominantly of the edematous type. Most recovered within 2 months of having FESS. The prolonged saccharine transit time and polypoid type antral mucosa were associated with delayed mucosal recovery, warranting follow-up of more than 4 months.     

Long-term evaluation after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic pediatric sinusitis with polyps

Objective

Long-term retrospective evaluation was performed of computed tomography (CT) images and endoscopic findings after endoscopic sinus surgery for 88 cases of chronic pediatric sinusitis with nasal polyps. The objective was to determine the appropriate duration of such postoperative evaluation for children.

Methods

Fifty-one patients had both sinusitis and nasal polyps (BSP group), and the surgical procedure was decided in consideration of each patient's age (for less than 10 years of age, polypectomy (n = 12); for 10–13 years old, anterior ethmoidectomy plus opening of the fontanelle and nasofrontal duct (n = 20); and for serious cases older than 13 years, total sinusectomy (n = 19)). On the other hand, for cases of unilateral sinusitis with antrochoanal polyps (USP group), anterior ethmoidectomy plus opening of the fontanelle was performed regardless of the patient's age (n = 37, 5–15 years old).

Results

The postoperative endoscopic findings indicated that the polyps had been eliminated in approximately 91% of total patients. Good postoperative findings of CT images in most patients of USP group are observed at one year after the operation like the same of the postoperative course of adult chronic sinusitis. On the other hand CT images in BSP group evaluated one year after the operation were rated as unchanged or worsened in approximately half of the patients. However, at 4 years after the operation nearly all the patients were rated as improved or better. In addition, comparison of the age at final observation and the postoperative course found a striking decrease in the proportion of unchanged and worsened patients aged 12 and above.

Conclusion

Accordingly, it was concluded that there is difference of healing process after the operation between USP and BSP group. Postoperative evaluation of BSP group should be performed for 4 years and up to an age of at least 12 years although post-ESS following of USP group is similar to that of adult sinusitis.     

老年人慢性鼻窦炎的鼻内镜手术治疗

目的:探讨鼻内镜手术治疗老年患者鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法:对45例(76侧)≥65岁老年鼻息肉、慢性耳窦炎患者行鼻内镜手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:术后随访1年以上,总有效率93.3％(42/45),其中治愈率66.7％(30/45),好转率26.6％(12/45)。结论:鼻内镜手术同样适合于老年患者,可望提高老年患者的生存质量。     

老年人慢性鼻窦炎的鼻内镜手术治疗

目的 探讨老年慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术的疗效。方法 回顾分析125例60岁以上老年慢性鼻窦炎患者行鼻内镜手术的临床资料。结果 术后随访0.5～1年,按照1997年海口会议疗效判定标准,Ⅰ～Ⅲ型疗效呈递减趋势,其中以Ⅱ型3期及Ⅲ型的疗效较差（P<0.05）。结论 鼻内镜鼻窦手术是治疗老年人慢性鼻窦炎的有效方法,其疗效与临床分型分期有密切关系。     

Post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly virulent bacterium that is difficult to eradicate. It has become a common nosocomial pathogen, but it also causes sporadic infections in some outpatients. Among 358 chronic sinusitis patients who received functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for treatment between July 1995 and June 1997 in our department, 18 were infected postoperatively by MRSA by the end of August 1997. One patient was excluded because she received another nasal surgery, partial turbinectomy, and submucous resection of the nasal septum, after FESS. Most of 17 MRSA infected patients presented themselves with mucopurulent nasal discharge and/or nasal crust. The treatment was generally difficult because MRSAs were resistant to multiple antibiotics. When quinolone antibiotics were used to treat most patients, the improvement rate was 76.5%. We conclude that MRSA infections in post-FESS patients might affect the outcome of FESS.     

鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎

目的 探讨鼻内镜治疗真菌性鼻窦炎的临床效果及与鼻腔解剖异常之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析经病理学确诊的31例真菌性鼻窦炎（fungal Sinustis,FS）的鼻内镜检查和CT扫描的病变特征、临床表现以及鼻内镜下鼻窦开放术式治疗真菌性鼻窦炎的效果。结果 CT扫描或鼻内镜检查显示31例患者鼻腔均有不同程度的解剖异常或病变及窦腔内病灶;全部病例病理学检查均发现真菌孢子、菌丝和黏膜炎症,临床分型均属非侵袭性FS,其中5例为变应性真菌性鼻窦炎（allergic fungal sinusitis,AFS）。术后随访2-4年,治愈27例（87．1％）,显效2例（6．5％）,无效2例（6．5％）。结论 鼻腔解剖异常及局部病变与FS关系密切。     

鼻内镜下慢性蝶窦炎手术

目的：探讨经鼻内镜手术治疗慢性蝶窦炎的方法和疗效。方法：50例84侧慢性蝶窦炎患者，均采用鼻内镜手术治疗。结果：经6～12个月随访复查，根据内镜鼻窦手术疗效评定标准，治愈61侧，占72．62％；好转13侧，占15．48％；无效10侧，占11．90％；有效率为88．10％。结论：经鼻内镜手术治疗慢性蝶窦炎具有视野清楚，手术进路安全，创伤小，患者痛苦小，疗效好等优点。     

慢性鼻窦炎内镜鼻窦手术疗效分析

目的〓〖HTK〗探讨慢性鼻窦炎内镜鼻窦手术的疗效及影响因素。〖HTW〗方法〓〖HTK〗回顾分析2000～2006年手术并随访6个月以上380例的临床资料。其中Ⅰ型65例, Ⅱ型236例, Ⅲ型79例。〖HTW〗结果〓〖HTK〗Ⅰ型治愈率为92.3%, Ⅱ型为84.3%,Ⅲ型为67.1%。其中发生严重并发症2例,轻微并发症27例。〖HTW〗结论〓〖HTK〗治愈率与临床分型、手术部位及术后综合治疗有关。     

鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎

目的探讨非侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎（noninvasive fungal rhino-sinusitis,NIFRS）的临床特点和疗效,加深对这一疾病的认识,提高临床诊疗效果。方法回顾性分析47例NIFRS患者的临床表现、鼻内镜检查和CT扫描的病变特征、以及鼻内镜下手术治疗的效果。结果 47例中大部分为真菌球性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎（40/47）,7例为变应性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎,7例鼻窦内均发现典型的变应性黏蛋白蓄积。CT显示NIFRS影像学有特殊表现。47例患者均治愈,随访1～10年,复发率6.4%（3/47）,3例伴糖尿病,经再次治疗后痊愈。结论 NIFRS临床症状不具特异性,鼻内镜检查和CT扫描对诊断有特殊价值,鼻内镜手术疗效确切,术后鼻内镜复查、鼻腔冲洗及药物治疗可有效预防疾病复发。     

Clinical outcome of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery based on a clinical symptom score outcome. We conducted a prospective analysis of established measures of clinical outcome based on a survey that was completed preoperatively and again 2 years after pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS: Twenty-seven children underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Twenty-three of the 27 children's surveys were completed both preoperatively and postoperatively by parents of the children. The main outcome measure was scores on parental survey and parental perception of surgical success. RESULTS: Results revealed that all children had an improved symptom score in all categories postoperatively as compared with preoperatively. Statistical analysis using the nonparametric sign test showed that a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in score occurred in 9 of the 15 categories (score lowered from preoperatively to postoperatively) for the children on an individual basis. These categories included a decrease in frequency of a cough (p = 0.013), nasal congestion (p = 0.031), visit to the doctor's office or hospital because of associated problems (p = 0.008), amount of days missing school or child care (p = 0.001), problems with routine activities such as eating and sleeping (p = 0.001), problems with attendance or conduct at school (p = 0.004), and a decrease in the child's sinus problems affecting the parent's performance at their job or at home (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that parental perception of their child's clinical outcome after pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery appears favorable.     

Effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients of chronic sinusitis with bronchial asthma

Rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma have been found to be coexistent in different studies. A prospective study of 23 patients with bronchial asthma who underwent Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (F.E.S.S) for coexistent chronic sinusitis was undertaken and the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on bronchial asthma was analyzed in these patients using both subjective and objective criteria. It is concluded in this study that Functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis in cases of bronchial asthma helps in reduction of their asthma symptoms, requirement of medication and helps in improving their peak expiratory flow.     

Prognostic factors of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is performed for refractory cases of rhinosinusitis that do not respond to medical management. However, few studies have been reported for the prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of pediatric ESS. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of pediatric ESS. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Medical records of 97 pediatric patients who had undergone ESS from February 1995 to October 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified the patients into two groups based on outcome, i.e., either good or poor, according to the postoperative endoscopic findings. Then univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the following nine characteristics between the good and poor outcome groups: the presence of allergy, bronchial asthma, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, history of previous sinus surgery, presence of a smoker in the family, degree of polyposis, preoperative disease extent scored by CT scan findings, blood eosinophil count, and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. RESULT: The overall success rate was 70% based on the objective postoperative endoscopic finding. Statistical differences were found between the good and poor groups in terms of the degree of preoperative polyposis and CT staging in univariate analysis, whilst in multivariate logistic regression analysis severe polyposis and indirect smoking predicted poor outcome after pediatric ESS. CONCLUSION: Pediatric ESS with severe polyposis, high CT rhinosinusitis staging, or indirect smoking predisposes to a poorer outcome. This needs to be taken into consideration when performing ESS for children.     

Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis in patients having Samter's triad

A study was conducted to assess outcome analysis in acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) triad patients after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The control group consisted of patients with chronic sinusitis, with or without asthma, who had also undergone ESS. The study group contained 18 patients with the classic triad who were compared with 22 controls. The study was conducted in retrospective fashion highlighting clinical presentation, radiologic evaluation, surgical findings, and recurrence rate of nasal polyps. Although both groups had a relatively similar age of onset of symptoms, the symptomatic picture was different in the two groups. Radiologic evaluation of the nose and paranasal sinuses revealed more extensive involvement of the sinuses in ASA triad patients. Furthermore, ASA triad patients underwent a greater number of repeat operations. This review suggests that ASA triad patients respond less well to surgical intervention and that other treatment modalities should perhaps be explored.     

The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic sinusitis

The saccharin test was used to measure mucociliary clearance in 50 patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Samples of the nasal mucosa were also examined under transmission electron microscopy before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Before surgery, the mean saccharin clearance (ST) was 37.0 ± 15.7 min, with nasal mucosa exhibiting ciliary loss as well as other ultrastructural changes. Three months after surgery, the mean ST had improved to 20.3 ± 7.5 min and significant regeneration of cilia was observed. It was therefore concluded that FESS had successfully corrected mucociliary dysfunction in these patients. Received: 22 July 1997 / Accepted: 23 March 1998     

Comparative outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps

This study was carried out to compare the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRS) and those with nasal polyps (NP). We also sought to determine the correlation between preoperative computed tomography (CT) findings and postoperative endoscopy and symptom score improvement. Data were collected from two groups of patients diagnosed as CRS with and without nasal polyps that underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery with a 1-year postoperative follow up. Preoperative symptoms, CT scores, and endoscopic scores were recorded. Postoperative symptom and endoscopic scores were recorded at 1, 6, and 12 months. Assessment of symptoms was performed subjectively using visual analogue scoring (VAS). CT scan findings were scored using the Lund–Mackay system. Endoscopic examination findings were scored according to the staging system proposed by Lanza and Kennedy. The correlations between the CT score, endoscopic scores and VAS scores were calculated. There was a statistically significant correlation between the preoperative CT, symptom, and endoscopic scores. Postoperative symptom and endoscopic scores also showed a significant correlation. Total CT scores of the CRS group were significantly lower than the scores of the NP group. Also preoperative endoscopy and symptom scores were statistically lower in CRS group compared to NP group. Endoscopy total scores and symptom total scores of both groups were significantly decreased at postoperative 12th month. Statistically significant difference was observed between the preoperative and postoperative symptom and endoscopy scores. The patients with polyps had higher symptom scores and worse objective findings compared to the patients with CRS. In all patients groups, objective and subjective scores seemed to correlate well preoperatively and postoperatively. These data suggest that endoscopic sinus surgery provides significant symptomatic relief and endoscopic healing in patients with CRS and NP.