实验性肾炎肾皮质TXA2—PGI2平衡失调与肾小球病理变化的关系

本文用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白制作大鼠原位性肾炎模型，观察血栓素Ａ２－前列环素平衡的变化及与肾小球病理变化的关系。将模型动物随机分成２组，分别腹腔内注射Ｄａｚｏｘｉｂｅｎ，蒸馏水，共注射２周。结果显示，大鼠免疫２周后，肾皮质ＴＸＢ２升高，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α降低，尿蛋白量增加。４周后上述改变加重伴血小板聚焦强度增大。治疗组大鼠肾皮质ＴＸＢ２降低，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＴ１α升高，ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ     

流行性出血热各期磷脂酶A_2、血栓素B_2与6－酮前列腺素F_（1α）的变化

用微量酸滴定法和放免分析法分别对４３例流行性出血热患者各期血清中磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）活性和血浆中血栓素Ｂ＿２（ＴＸＢ＿２）和６－酮前列腺素Ｆ＿１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α）水平进行了动态检测。结果显示：本病各期ＰＬＡ＿２和ＴＸＢ＿２明显升高，而６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α明显下降，上述变化程度与病情高度平行，本病危重型和病的极期变化最明显，并与血小板数量下降和肾功损害相关。初步探讨了ＰＬＡ与ＴＸＢ＿２－６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α平衡间的关系及各自在本病发生、发展过程的病理生理意义。     

高原对大鼠血浆与组织TXB_2和6－Keto－PGF_（1α）含量的影响及

高原对大鼠血浆与组织ＴＸＢ＿２和６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α）含量的影响及丹参的保护作用青海省中医药研究所（西宁８１０ｏｏ０）王立义青海省红十字医院陈琴音本文观察了平原大鼠进入海拔４４７５ｍ高原后，其血浆及心、肝、脾组织血栓索Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）和６－酮...     

一氧化氮对孕鼠体内内皮素,血栓素B2,6—酮前列腺素水平的影响

通过４组４０只ＳＤ系雌性大鼠,人工阻断一氧化氮（ＮＯ）,研究ＮＯ减少对孕鼠体内内皮素（ＥＴ）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）水平的影响。在给晚期妊娠及未妊娠大鼠阻断ＮＯ５天后,测其血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α值。结果妊娠大鼠ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α值均升高、ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＥＦ１α比值升高。作为代偿和保护机制,妊娠     

常压缺氧大鼠血浆和肺组织TXB_2和6－keto－PGF_（1α）的动态变化

本文观察常压缺氧２４ｈ及１，２，４ｗ（６ｈ／ｄ，６ｄ／ｗ）后大鼠血小板数及聚集率和血浆及肺ＴＸＢ＿２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α）的动态变化。结果表明（１）缺氧大鼠血小板数呈先增加、后恢复、再下降，血小板聚集率呈先减少、后增加再减少的动态变化。（２）血浆ＴＸＢ＿２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α）均明显升高，（３）肺组织６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α）升高早于ＴＸＢ＿２，提示ＰＧＩ＿２参干旱期缺氧肺血管张力调节。（４）缺氧大鼠２周时肺动脉高压达到高峰，右心室明显肥厚，而肺组织ＴＸＢ＿２至缺氧４周后才见增加，表明ＴＸＢ＿２不是缺氧早期肺血管收缩的主要因素。     

脑益嗪抗运动病时大鼠血浆PG和小脑Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase图？…

为探讨脑益嗪抗运动病作用机理，采用放射免疫方法和计算机图像分析系统，对运动病组和脑佃嗪药物预防组大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和小脑毛细血管内皮＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行定量测量和分析研究。结果表明ＣＰＧ大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α显著低于ＭＳＧ，而小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性则明显高于。     

活血健骨汤对兔缺血性股骨头坏死的TXB_2和6-Keto-PGF_(1α)的作用

目的探讨自拟经验方“活血健骨汤”对实验性激素致兔股骨头缺血性坏死的作用。方法选用１８只家兔随机分为激素,中药＋激素和对照三组实验观察,８周后处死全部动物,分析兔股骨标本的空骨陷窝数,血浆ＴＸＢ_２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_１α及ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值指标。结果中药＋激素组血浆 ＴＸＢ_２,ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值明显低于激素组（２１９．４２±６９．２２,４４９．３０±１１９．２２,０．９３±０．１３均Ｐ＜０．０１;６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_１α明显高于激素组（２４０．６４±８６．０３,１５６．５５±２８．１１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,接近正常组（１６． ４１±６０． ６４,０． ６５±０． １５,２５０． ５１±４１．７０,均 Ｐ＞０． ０５）;中药十激素组的股骨头空骨陷窝数明显低于激素组而接近正常组（１３±２,２１±２,Ｐ＜０．０１;１３±２,１０±２,Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论活血健骨汤具有调节血浆ＴＸＢ_２和６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_１α水平,使ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２值趋于正常,同时能减少空骨陷窝数／率的作用,从而有效地预防和抑制实验性激素致兔股骨头缺血性坏死。     

慢性肺心病血栓素B_2和6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）与血液流变学改变

慢性肺心病血栓素Ｂ_２和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１α）与血液流变学改变牛秀英我们对慢性肺心病急性发作期和缓解期患者的血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）和ＰＧＩ２的稳定产物ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅ－ｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）和血液流变学进行了观察，试图了解它们在肺心病中的变化及相...     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血浆血栓素B_2和6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）含量的变化及其与肺动脉高压的关系

为了探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者血栓素Ａ_２（ＴＸＡ_２）和前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）与肺动脉高压的关系，我们对伴有和不伴有肺动脉高压的３０例缓解期ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆中血栓素Ｂ_２（ＴＸＢ_２）及６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１α）（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α））的含量变化进行了观察，还对７例伴肺动脉高压的ＣＯＰＤ患者不同病期的肺动脉平均压（ＰａＰ）、血浆ＴＸＢ_２及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）．水平作了对比分析。结果发现，缓解期ＣＯＰＤ患者中，伴肺动脉高压者血浆ＴＸＢ_２明显增高，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）显著下降，ＴＸＢ_２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）明显增大，与不伴肺动脉高压者比较，差异非常显著（Ｐ均＜０．０１），而不伴肺动脉高压者的这些指标与正常人的比较，则无统计学意义（Ｐ均＞０．０５）；与急性期比较，ＣＯＰＤ患者缓解期ＰａＰ明显下降，ＴＸＢ_２亦显著降低，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）明显升高，ＴＸＢ_２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）缩小（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；相关分析发现，伴肺动脉高压者ＰａＰ与ＴＸＢ_２呈明显正相关，与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）呈负相关（ｎ＝２８，ｒ＝＋０．４６、－０．３９，Ｐ均＜０．０５）     

前列环素血栓素和氧自由基在大鼠急性胰腺炎并发肺损伤中作用及川芎嗪的影响

应用牛磺胆酸钠诱发大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎并发肺损伤模型，动态观察血中ＴＸＢ＿２、６－酮－ＰＧＦ＿１ａ及ＬＰＯ含量变化并观察川芎嗪的影响。结果表明：随着肺损伤程度加重，血浆ＴＸＢ＿２含量、ＴＸＢ＿２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ＿１ａ比值，ＬＰＯ含量渐增高，肺系数值也增加；川芎嗪能显著降低ＴＸＢ＿２和ＬＰＯ含量，稳定ＴＸＢ＿２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ＿１ａ比值，降低肺系数值，改善肺组织病理形态变化，从而提高存活率。     

An apparent KIR2DS2-negative KIR2DL2-positive genotype discloses the novel allele KIR2DS2*00104

KIR2DS2*00104 lacks a distinctive synonymous substitution of KIR2DS2 in nucleotide 418 that affects KIR genotyping.     

CaO-MgO-P_2O_5-SiO_2-CaF_2系统自硬性玻璃的研究

为研究钙离子、镁离子在体内环境中对自硬性玻璃结晶行为的影响,为自硬性生物活性玻璃的临床应用提供依据,本文设计了CaO-P2O5-SiO2-CaF2(Ca-glass)和CaO-MgO-P2O5-SiO2-CaF2(CaMg-glass)系统玻璃并使用模拟体液(simulated body flu id,SBF)进行了研究。首先采用磷酸氢二氨[(NH4)2HPO4]/[NH4H2PO4]硬化液与Ca-glass、CaMg-glass制成硬化体,然后使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、失重、力学分析等方法,研究硬化体在SBF中的结晶性、降解性和力学性能。实验结果表明,玻璃粉末与磷酸铵缓冲溶液反应形成了磷酸铵钙[(NH4)2.Ca(HPO4)2.H2O]硬化体。硬化体经过SBF浸泡,Ca-glass系统硬化体中部分磷酸铵钙转化成羟基磷灰石,而CaMg-glass系统硬化体仍然为磷酸铵钙。Ca-glass与CaMg-glass硬化体在SBF中浸泡28天分别降解19.4%和31.3%,抗压强度分别为93.14MPa和64.52MPa。镁离子的歧化作用是导致Ca-glass、CaMg-glass硬化体结晶性能、降解性能以及力学性能差别的主要原因。     

K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-F系统可切削生物微晶玻璃

目的 可切削微晶玻璃的制备温度高达1500 ℃以上,此特性严重制约其产业化发展.本文设计制备了K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-F系统低温云母生物微晶玻璃,并探讨制备工艺对材料结构和性能的影响.方法 采用1300 ℃熔化工艺与600～750 ℃晶化热处理工艺制备微晶玻璃,通过X射线衍射分析方法研究微晶玻璃的晶相组成,利用扫描电子显微镜观察微晶玻璃的形貌,并通过显微硬度分析、高速砂轮切削实验考察微晶玻璃的可切削性能.结果 分别经过600 ℃、650 ℃、700 ℃、750 ℃晶化热处理2 h、4 h、8 h后,玻璃中均形成了主晶相为氟金云母的微晶玻璃,微晶玻璃的显微硬度为3～8 GPa.且随着晶化温度的升高,微晶玻璃层状结构逐渐明晰,但硬度不断下降,其可切削性持续提高.结论 低温下熔化K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO系统玻璃工艺降低了可切削微晶玻璃的制备温度和成本,利于产业化生产和推广应用.     

KIR2DL2/S2 and KIR2DS5 in alcoholic cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation

IntroductionThe molecular mechanisms underlying alcoholic liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are not completely understood. Hepatic fibrosis involves the interplay of diverse cells and factors, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer, NK cells, and T-lymphocyte subsets. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are membrane receptors involved in mediation between NK and activated HSCs, regulating NK cell function through their interaction with HLA-I molecules. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic association between KIR genes and the susceptibility to or protection from alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) in a cohort of male AC patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) with and without concomitant viral infections.Material and methodsKIR genotyping was performed in nuclear DNA extracted from 281 AC patients and compared with 319 male controls.ResultsSignificant differences between total AC patients and healthy controls were only found in the case of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS5. KIR2DL2 was significantly underrepresented in non-viral AC patients (52.6% vs. 63.3%; p = 0.015), while patients heterozygous for KIR2DL2 were also underrepresented in the non-viral AC group compared with controls (p = 0.034). KIR2DS5 was overrepresented in this group compared with healthy controls (p = 0.002). All these observations were only evident in AC patients older than 54 years old.ConclusionsOur data suggest a contrary effect of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS5 in AC patients older than 54 years, in whom the presence of KIR2DL2 appears to be protective against AC, whereas the presence of KIR2DS5 seems to promote the fibrotic process, particularly in patients with no associated viral infection.     

ExspiratorischepO2-undpCO2-Kurven bei Atmung von N2-, He- und Ar−O2-Gemischen

Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung der intrapulmonalen Gasmischung wurden an zehn Versuchspersonen die exspiratorischenpO₂- undpCO₂-Kurven fortlaufend und simultan massenspektrometrisch in Abhängigkeit vom Atemvolumen bei Atmung von Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-, Helium-Sauerstoff- und Argon-Sauerstoff-Gemischen registriert.Im Mischluftanteil wurden für den Abfall despO₂ von 75% auf 25% der Endamplitude im Mittel bei N₂–O₂-Atmung 81,6 ml, bei He–O₂-Atmung 66,1 ml und bei Ar–O₂-Atmung 71,9 ml benötigt. Die entsprechenden Zahlen für den Anstieg despCO₂ sind bei Atmung von N₂–O₂ 84,9 ml, von He–O₂ 68,5 ml und von Ar–O₂ 80.6 ml.DerpO₂ des Alveolarluftanteils sank während der letzten 300 ml Exspirationsvolumen bei Atmung des N₂–O₂-Gemisches im Mittel um 4,7 Torr, bei He–O₂ um 3,4 Torr und bei Ar–O₂ um 6,8 Torr. DerpCO₂ stieg gleichzeitig im Mittel bei Atmung des N₂–O₂-Gemisches um 2,8 Torr, bei He–O₂ um 2,1 Torr und bei Ar–O₂ um 3,7 Torr.Die Ursachen dieser Differenzen werden für den Mischluftanteil auf unterschiedliche Diffusions- und Strömungsbedingungen in den zentralen Lungenabschnitten zurückgeführt. Demgegenüber lassen sich die unterschiedlichen Partialdruckänderungen im Alveolarplateau durch Diffusion in den peripheren Lungenabschnitten und durch die Form der O₂ und CO₂-Bindungskurven erklären.Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl durchgeführte Forschungsarbeit.     

2-Perbromomethyl-2-oxazoline: a novel trifunctional initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline

Polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline was carried out using a trifunctional initiator, 2-perbromomethyl-2-oxazoline. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the resulting polymer was very close to the feed mole ratio of the monomer to initiator. The number-average molecular weight M?_n increased linearly with conversion, indicating the living nature of the propagating chain end. ¹H NMR and end-group analyses results are consistent with the proposal that the polymer possesses a star-shaped structure.     

Cross-Protection in Mice After Immunization with H2N2, H3N2, and Heq2Neq2 Influenza Virus Strains

Mice were vaccinated with the influenza viruses A/Japan/57 (H2N2), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), and A/Equi/Miami/63 (Heq2Neq2) and the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase recombinants derived from these viruses. After infection with the parent viruses, protection was compared with serological findings. It was found that influenza vaccine protects not only against infection with a strain identical or closely related to the vaccine strain, but against heterologous strains as well. Vaccination with Hong Kong/68 and its neuraminidase recombinant resulted in a heterologous neuraminidase inhibition titer against Japan/57 and in a protection against infection with Japan/57. By contrast, after vaccination with Japan/57 and its neuraminidase recombinant, no relevant heterologous neuraminidase inhibition titer against Hong Kong/68 was observed, whereas a protection against infection with Hong Kong/68 did exist. A cross-protection between Hong Kong/68 and Miami/63, but no relationship in the hemagglutination or neuraminidase inhibition tests, was established in the preinfection sera. A one-way antigenic relationship between these viruses was confirmed by the rise of hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antibodies against Hong Kong/68 in the postinfection sera. No cross-protection or serological relationship existed between Miami/63 and Japan/57. Besides the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, a third factor, the “mouse-protecting antigen,” was considered to contribute to the protection obtained. According to the protection observed, the mouse-protecting antigen of Hong Kong/68 virus is related to that of Japan/57 as well as Miami/63 virus. The mouse-protecting antigens of both Japan/57 and Miami/63 are related to that of Hong Kong/68.     

Polypropylene Made with In‐Situ Supported Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2 and Me2Si(2‐Me‐Ind)2ZrCl2 Catalysts: Properties Comparison

Summary: Propylene homopolymerizations were carried out using Me₂Si(Ind)₂ZrCl₂ and Me₂Si(2‐Me‐Ind)₂ZrCl₂, MAO‐modified silica, and common alkylaluminum cocatalysts. Supported catalysts were prepared by the in‐situ immobilization technique. The effect of the type and concentration of alkylaluminum on propylene polymerization was evaluated using TEA (triethylaluminum), IPRA (isoprenylaluminum), and TIBA (triisobutylaluminum) as cocatalysts. The polymers were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The effect of the type and concentration of alkylaluminum on the melting temperature and the molar mass of the polypropylene was the same for both catalysts. The polymers made with in‐situ supported catalyst had lower melting points and, in almost all polymerization conditions, higher molar masses than those produced by homogeneous polymerization. Polypropylene samples made with Me₂Si(2‐Me‐Ind)₂ZrCl₂ had higher melting temperatures and molar masses than those made with Me₂Si(Ind)₂ZrCl₂. SEM micrographs showed that the polymers obtained with in‐situ supported systems had a well‐defined morphology, confirming that the polymerization indeed took place onto the silica support.

SEM micrographs of polypropylene particles obtained with Me₂Si(2‐Me‐Ind)₂ZrCl₂ in the presence of IPRA.     

H2O2 enhances Ca2+ release from osteoblast internal stores

The physiological activity of osteoblasts is known to be closely related to increased intracellular Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) in osteoblasts. The cellular regulation of [Ca2+]i in osteoblasts is mediated by Ca2+ movements associated with Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, and transmembrane Ca2+ influx via Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, and Ca2+ ATPase. Reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2, play an important role in the regulation of cellular functions, and act as signaling molecules or toxins in cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 on cellular Ca2+ regulation in osteoblasts by measuring intracellular Ca2+ activities using cellular calcium imaging techniques. Osteoblasts were isolated from the femurs and tibias of neonatal rats, and cultured for 7 days. The cultured osteoblasts were loaded with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, Fura-2, and fluorescence images were monitored using a cooled CCD camera, and subsequently analyzed using image analyzing software. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The osteoblasts with lower basal Ca2+ activities yielded a transient Ca2+ increase, a Ca2+ spike, while osteoblasts with higher basal Ca2+ activities showed a continuous increase in [Ca2+]i leading to cell death. (2) Ca2+ spikes, generated after removing Na+ from superfusing solutions, were blocked by H2O2 and this was followed by a sustained increase in Ca2+ activity. (3) ATP- induced Ca2+ spikes were inhibited by pretreating with H2O2 and this was followed by a continuous increase of [Ca2+]i. When cells were pretreated with the exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicilance (SNAP, 50 microM), treatments of ATP (1 mM) induced a Ca2+ spike-like increase, but [Ca2+]i did not return to the basal level. (4) The expression of inositol- 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) was enhanced by H2O2. Our results suggest that H2O2 modulates intracellular Ca2+ activity in osteoblasts by increasing Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ stores.