一期与分期双膝关节置换术围手术期风险的比较研究

目的 比较一期双膝关节置换术与分期双膝关节置换术的围手术期并发症的发生率,评价一期双膝关节置换术的安全性.方法 回顾性分析1996年10月至2006年10月接受双膝初次全膝关节置换术的219例患者的临床资料,其中一期双膝关节置换术171例,分期双膝关节置换术48例(B组),按B组年龄性别构成从前者171例患者中1:1匹配抽取48例为A组,与B组进行比较.比较两组术前全身合并症和术后围手术期并发症(B组统计两次手术的累加值)发生情况.结果 匹配后A组和B组的术前全身合并症情况比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但围手术期A组的心脑血管并发症的发生率较B组增高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 一期双膝关节置换术前应仔细评估术前全身状况,充分说明手术风险,并积极预防围手术期并发症的发生.     

一期双侧全膝关节置换术治疗严重畸形膝骨关节病

目的 探讨一期双侧全膝关节置换术的可行性及疗效.方法 统计分析37例双膝同时置换的手术过程及随访疗效.结果 手术时间4.7 h,术中出血量平均780 ml,术后引流量平均530 ml,围手术期输血量平均1 190 ml.X线片示假体位置良好.37例术后随访6个月～6年,平均58个月.关节功能HSS评分由术前的平均40分上升至术后的平均87分;活动范围由术前的平均57°提高至术后的平均105°.结论 应用一期双侧全膝关节置换术治疗晚期膝骨关节病安全且近期疗效满意,较分次手术利大于弊,但选择病例应慎重,并须作好充分的术前准备.     

同期双侧与单侧全膝关节置换治疗膝骨关节炎的比较

[目的]比较同期双侧与单侧全膝关节置换术的安全性及临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2000年5月～2009年5月,因骨关节炎行硬膜外麻醉下初次全膝关节置换术患者705例,按同期双侧置换(268例)和单侧置换(437例)分为两组,比较两组患者的围手术期并发症、术后失血量、输血量、住院时间、费用与KSS临床及功能评分等各项指标.[结果]存在围手术期并发症的患者比例,双侧组(15.6％)高于单侧组(7.8％),其中心血管系统并发症发生率双侧组(7.3％)高于单侧组(3.2％).感染、死亡、肺栓塞等围手术期并发症发生率,两组之间差异无统计学意义.术后失血量及输血量双侧组高于单侧组.术后2年KSS临床评分两组间差异无统计学意义,KSS功能评分,双侧组高于单侧组,差异有统计学意义.[结论]对于双侧膝骨关节炎的患者,在硬膜外麻醉下行同期双侧全膝关节置换术经济、高效,且有理想的手术疗效.术前应对患者做全面健康评估,对存在严重合并症,尤其是心血管系统疾病患者,应尽量避免行同期双侧全膝关节置换术.     

高风险患者膝关节置换不同手术方案的回顾性对照分析

[目的]探讨高风险患者全膝关节置换术(bilateral total knee arthroplasty,BTKA)不同手术方案之间的差异。[方法]回顾性分析2009年1月~2012年6月随访资料完整的TKA患者39例,依据是否行双侧全膝关节置换术分为A、B两组,A组为双膝置换组,B组为单膝置换组。通过两组患者的一般资料、术前合并症、术后早期并发症与膝关节功能恢复情况等方面比较组间差异。[结果]两组患者的年龄、体质指数、术前合并症差异无统计学意义。双膝置换组术后早期并发症发生率高于单膝置换组,术后早期并发症多为心血管并发症、血栓形成、发热及精神方面的并发症。两组病人经过12个月的随访,膝关节功能用HSS评分比较P0.05,差异无统计学意义。[结论]同期BTKA术后早期并发症发生率增高,危险性加大,对于ASA分级三级以上的患者应尽量避免行同期双侧人工全膝关节置换术。     

计算机导航下全膝关节置换术对术中出血量及关节功能恢复的影响

目的:分析计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换术对膝骨关节炎患者术中出血量及术后关节功能恢复的影响。方法:自2015年2月至2017年12月,回顾分析经传统入路全膝关节置换术治疗的65例膝骨关节炎患者作为对照组,同期计算机导航下全膝关节置换术治疗的65例膝骨关节炎患者作为试验组。全部患者术前均表现出膝盖红肿痛、上下楼梯痛、坐起立行时腰部酸痛不适等临床症状,全部患者接受全膝关节置换术治疗,对照组仅为传统入路全膝关节置换,试验组在计算机导航系统下实施全膝关节置换。记录对比两组患者手术相关情况,包括手术时间、住院时间等;分别于术前、术后5 d检测并对比两组血红蛋白、红细胞比容变化情况;计算并对比两组失血情况及术后各时间点引流量,同时记录患者围术期异体输血率及平均输血量;分别于术前,术后6、18个月采用膝关节功能量表(KSS)评价患者膝关节功能恢复情况,同时记录术后感染、下肢静脉血栓等并发症发生率。结果:全部患者手术成功完成,术后伤口预后情况良好,患者均获得随访,随访时间平均18个月。试验组手术时间长于对照组,住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);术后5 d,两组血红蛋白、红细胞比容均较术前降低,但试验组降低不及对照组(P<0.05);试验组术中失血量、总失血量、隐性失血量、术后10、24 h引流量均少于对照组,异体输血率低于对照组,输血量少于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后各时点KSS评分均较术前升高,但试验组升高幅度高于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后均有并发症发生,组间并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在计算机导航指导下开展全膝关节置换术,较单一全膝关节置换虽延长了手术时间,但更利于减少患者围术期失血量,患者术后异体输血率降低,关节功能恢复情况理想,且并发症少,安全可靠。     

麻醉后预存自体血在人工关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨麻醉后即刻采集自体血,于人工关节置换术后回输的临床应用. 方法 2004年9月～2005年1月,对33例拟行人工关节置换术的患者,麻醉后即刻采集自体血400 ml,于术后回输.观察采血时患者血压变化、术后12、24及72 h血常规、伤口引流及感染情况.其中男17例,女16例,年龄33～81岁,平均62.4岁.类风湿性关节炎5例,股骨头坏死23例,膝关节骨性关节炎5例.单髋关节置换20例,双髋关节置换1例;单膝关节置换6例,双膝关节置换5例;单髋关节翻修术1例. 结果采血前后血压无明显变化.术后回输血200～1 150 ml,平均650 ml.其中21例单髋关节置换患者仅回输预存自体血;6例单膝关节置换患者回输预存自体血后又将引流血回输;5例双膝及1例双髋关节置换的患者除用预存自体血和引流血回输外,因术后出血较多,输入异体血400 ml.术后血红蛋白68～102 g/L,平均88 g/L;红细胞压积20.5%～31.5%,平均24.6%,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.术后伤口无感染、下肢静脉无血栓发生.6例输入异体血的患者,输血后2例出现寒战、皮肤骚痒等过敏反应,予地塞米松后症状均缓解. 结论对行人工膝、髋关节置换术的患者术前预存自体血供术后回输,可减少术后输入异体血带来的危险.     

双膝骨关节炎一期与二期全膝关节置换的比较

目的比较双侧膝关节骨关节炎行一期或二期双侧全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析我院2005年4月至2012年4月93例双侧膝关节骨关节炎患者分别接受一期(A组)或二期(B组)TKA治疗的临床资料。其中A组54例,男5例,女49例,年龄56~79岁,平均(65.8±6.5)岁;B组39例,男6例,女33例,年龄53~82岁,平均(66.1±7.7)岁。术前两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。比较两组患者术后住院总天数、总出血量、隐性出血量、输血量、引流量、术后血红蛋白、治疗费用及术后疗效(KSS评分、关节活动度及并发症),根据Gross方程计算总失血量及隐性失血量。结果两组患者术后引流量、输血量、总出血量、隐性出血量、住院天数及住院总费用差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术前后KSS评分、术前膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但术后KSS评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05);两组患者术后血肿发生率、深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)发生率、切口愈合不良发生率及感染率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但是总并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论一期双侧TKA手术创伤较大,术后并发症发生率较高,有可能增加假体周围感染的风险,因此对这一术式的选择要慎重。我们建议对于年龄较轻、术前合并疾病较少及身体素质较好的双侧膝关节骨关节炎患者,充分告知相关手术风险,并经患者同意的情况下,可考虑一期双侧TKA。     

初次单侧关节置换术后输血现状及影响因素分析

背景:随着人们对生活质量和健康需求的不断提高,关节置换手术量逐年增加,围手术期管理可以有效减少术后输血及术后并发症的发生.目的:探讨初次单侧关节置换术后输血现状及其影响因素.方法:选取2019年1月至12月我院矫形骨科接受初次单侧人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)和全髋关节置换术(THA)的患者共1814例.按照关节置换术后...     

人工全膝关节置换术30例围术期护理

目的探讨全膝关节置换术的围术期护理体会。方法对30例行人工全膝关节置换术的膝关节骨性关节炎患者,实施围手术期整体护理,观察护理效果。结果患者均能完成康复治疗。15 d后膝关节屈曲均>90°。术后随访6～24个月,平均关节屈伸活动范围3°～110°。优良率达98%,无l例发生感染。结论对全膝人工膝关节置换术患者,实施围术期整体护理,可提高患者手术成功率、减少并发症。     

髋膝关节置换术前预测深静脉血栓形成的多因素分析

[目的]通过对髋、膝关节置换术前患者的相关危险因素的分析,个体化预测其术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(deepveinthrombosis,DVT)的可能性.[方法]2006年4月～2011年11月共309例(髋关节病变113人、膝关节病变196人)接受髋、膝关节置换术的无DVT的患者被纳入研究.所有患者在围术期均接受正规的物理及药物预防血栓治疗.术后第3～10d根据患者病情复查双下肢深静脉彩超了解是否形成血栓.最后,通过术后DVT组与非DVT组的各种术前危险因素的对比分析,提出术前预测术后DVT的公式.[结果]309名患者中术后发生DVT者82例,其中髋关节12例,膝关节70例;单关节置换术后38例,双关节同时置换术后44例.通过判别分析,发现年龄、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、一次手术关节数量、凝血酶原时间和D-二聚体定量与髋、膝关节置换术后DVT的相关性较强,并得出函数预测公式.所有患者平均随访3.5年(4～71个月),均未发生症状性肺栓塞,也未发生明确的肝素类药物副作用.[结论]即使在围术期正规抗凝治疗的前提下,髋、膝关节置换术后DVT的发生率仍然较高.术前如开展个体化预测,能提示对高危人群给予更积极、合理的干预,从而减少术后DVT相关的并发症.     

Comparison of simultaneous bilateral with unilateral total knee arthroplasty in terms of perioperative complications

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated an increased rate of perioperative complications and morbidity following simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty compared with the rate following unilateral total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of perioperative complications and morbidity associated with simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty with that associated with unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: The records on all bilateral total knee arthroplasties performed between January 1994 and June 2000 and unilateral total knee arthroplasties performed between January 1995 and June 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. The records on 514 unilateral total knee arthroplasties and 255 bilateral total knee arthroplasties were analyzed to determine demographic information, preoperative comorbidities, perioperative complications, and thirty-day and one-year mortality rates. RESULTS: The rates of some perioperative complications, including myocardial infarction, postoperative confusion, and the need for intensive monitoring, were greater after the bilateral arthroplasties. However, the thirty-day and one-year mortality rates and the risks of pulmonary embolism, infection, and deep venous thrombosis were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of perioperative complications associated with bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty was slightly increased compared with that associated with unilateral total knee arthroplasty, but the mortality rates were similar. Ultimately, the decision to proceed with simultaneous knee replacement should depend on patient preference through informed choice.     

Sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty under 1 anesthetic in patients > or = 75 years old: complications and functional outcomes

The objectives of this study were to determine the perioperative surgical and medical risks associated with sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients > or = 75 years old and to assess their functional status and overall level of satisfaction at follow-up. Study participants were 82 consecutive patients > or = 75 years old who underwent a sequential bilateral TKA and 82 matched patients who underwent a unilateral TKA. There were 46 postoperative complications in the bilateral TKA group compared with 27 in the unilateral TKA group (P = .003). Postoperative cardiovascular complications were significantly greater in the sequential bilateral TKA group and were associated significantly with preoperative cardiovascular comorbidity. The mean Modified Hospital for Special Surgery knee score was rated as good (mean, 63.5 out of 80), and 95% of patients rated their knees as excellent or good at follow-up. Sequential bilateral TKA in patients > or =75 years old results in high patient satisfaction and good functional status at follow-up; however, there is an increased risk of cardiovascular complications during the postoperative period in bilateral sequential TKA patients when compared with a matched cohort of unilateral TKA patients.     

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties: who decides?

The purpose of the current retrospective review was to compare the results of 1498 patients having 1090 simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties and 958 unilateral total knee arthroplasties in a 3-year period, focusing on perioperative complications, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition. Gender, age, diagnosis, and weight were similar between the groups. Patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties had statistically significant higher amounts of intraoperative blood loss, with more patients requiring blood transfusion, and a higher average number of units of blood transfused compared with patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Overall, a significantly higher incidence of gastrointestinal complications was reported in patients who had simultaneous bilateral knee arthroplasties compared with patients who had unilateral knee arthroplasty. Comparing age subgroups within the unilateral group revealed significantly higher incidences of pulmonary, neurologic, cardiac, and genitourinary complications among patients 80 years or older versus patients younger than 80 years. Patients having simultaneous bilateral arthroplasties who were 80 years or older had significantly higher incidences of pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiac complications than patients younger than 80 years in that same group. These results suggest that age, not procedure, has a more significant role in the perioperative morbidity of total knee arthroplasty. Based on the results from the current study and previous literature documenting patient preference, patient satisfaction, efficacy, and outcomes comparable with those of patients having unilateral total knee arthroplasty, the authors continue to offer patients the option of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties.     

Simultaneous bilateral,staged bilateral,and unilateral total knee arthroplasty. A survival analysis

BACKGROUND: The rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality are areas of concern associated with simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement. The purpose of this paper was to compare the rates of morbidity and mortality and the clinical outcome in large groups of consecutive patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement, unilateral total knee replacement, or staged bilateral total knee replacement. METHODS: A total of 6200 total knee replacements, performed in 3998 patients between 1983 and 2000, consisted of 2050 simultaneous bilateral, 1796 unilateral, and 152 staged bilateral total knee replacements. A review of each group was conducted to compare the rates of morbidity and mortality, the survival of the prosthesis, and the clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed with failure defined as revision because of aseptic loosening and as patient death. Complications and Knee Society scores were compared throughout the fifteen-year follow-up period (average, 4.3 years of follow-up). RESULTS: The unilateral group had significantly lower Knee Society scores than the simultaneous bilateral group (p < 0.0001 up to twelve years, and p = 0.0067 at fifteen years) across all postoperative time-intervals. The percentage of patients who had thrombophlebitis was significantly higher in the simultaneous bilateral group (0.9%) than in the unilateral group (0.3%) (p = 0.0326). No significant differences were found with regard to prosthetic failure, cardiac complications, and the rates of death in the three groups. Ten years postoperatively, the simultaneous bilateral group had a significantly higher rate of patient survival than did the unilateral group (78.6% compared with 72.0%) (p = 0.0062). CONCLUSIONS: The significantly higher rate of thrombophlebitis in the simultaneous bilateral group compared with that in the unilateral group may represent a greater risk to those patients. However, we believe that when there are adequate indications for bilateral total knee replacement, simultaneous bilateral arthroplasty is beneficial to patients, with a minimal increase in the risk of death or other complications compared with that associated with unilateral and staged procedures.     

高龄膝骨关节炎患者人工单髁关节置换疗效分析

目的:探讨75岁以上膝骨性关节炎患者行人工单髁关节置换术后临床疗效。方法：自2010年4月至2015年5月应用Oxford第3代人工单髁关节治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎患者42例,根据手术单双侧置换情况将患者分为双侧同期置换组和单侧置换组：同期置换组11例,男3例,女8例,年龄（79.18±3.06）岁;单侧置换组31例,男13例,女18例,年龄（78.16±3.48）岁。观察比较患者患膝假体生存现状、术前后血细胞比容变化、术中及术后的失血总量,比较患者术前后膝关节HSS（Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating）评分。结果：两组术后围手术期并发症比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。42例患者获得随访,时间（5.7±2.3）年。1例既往高血压合病史患者术后第4个月发生脑血栓,1例患者在术后第4个月发生衬垫脱位,2例患者于术后3年因其他内科疾病死亡（1例心肌梗塞,1例肺癌）。双侧同期置换组术后失血总量高于单侧置换组（P<0.05）;4例行双侧同期置换患者术后分别输血2 U。两组术后9个月HSS评分除稳定性评分其他各项评分和总分均高于术前（P<0.05）。结论：内侧单间室退变的75岁以上老年骨性关节炎患者选择人工单髁关节置换术是可行的手术治疗方法。对于双膝病变75岁以上老年患者,双侧同期人工单髁关节置换术同单侧单髁关节置换手术相比,创伤大,会增加围手术期并发症发生率,影响术后快速康复,增加失血量。虽然远期疗效同单侧单髁关节置换手术相当,但为保证手术安全性,仍建议分期手术。     

Perioperative safety of two-team simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty in the obese patient

Background  

Although the rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality with simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty remain a concern, multiple studies have shown the procedure to be safe in selected patient populations. Evidence also remains mixed regarding the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in obese patients. The purpose of this paper is to compare the rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality in consecutive obese patients undergoing two-team simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty and unilateral total knee arthroplasty.     

Is obesity a contraindication to bilateral total knee arthroplasties under one anesthetic?

Three-hundred sixteen patients who underwent 405 primary knee replacements between January 1994 and June 1999 were reviewed for the incidence of local wound and systemic complications after unilateral and simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties. A body mass index of 30 or greater was used to define obesity, and patients were divided into four groups based on obesity and whether they were undergoing unilateral or bilateral total knee arthroplasties. Preoperative and postoperative knee scores were not significantly different for any patient group. Local wound complication rates did not differ between any of the study groups. Patients who were not obese who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty had lower systemic complication rates (3%) than the other groups; however, there was no significant difference in complication rates between patients with obesity who underwent unilateral or simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasties. Based on these findings, obesity does not seem to be a contraindication to bilateral total knee arthroplasties under one anesthetic.     

Perioperative morbidity and mortality of 2-team simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has a well-established track record for relieving pain associated with arthritis of the knee joint. The total rate of bilateral TKA has doubled over the past 2 decades, and the rate in women has tripled over that same time period. In patients with bilateral knee arthritis, a decision must be made whether to operate at 2 different settings (staged), a single setting with 1 surgeon (sequential simultaneous), or a single setting with 2 surgeons (2-team simultaneous). The purpose of this study was to examine the perioperative morbidity and mortality of 2-team simultaneous bilateral TKA. Two hundred twenty-seven consecutive 2-team simultaneous bilateral TKA and 216 consecutive unilateral TKA patients were reviewed. Major (deep infection, death, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, revision within the 1-year follow-up) and minor (all other) complications were compared. No deaths occurred, and the major and minor complication rates were not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups, but a trend toward higher rates of both major and minor complications existed in the bilateral TKA group. Two-team simultaneous bilateral TKA offers the potential benefits of decreased overall recovery time, decreased overall cost, decreased number of anesthetic administrations, and simultaneous correction of significant deformity. It remains an appropriate option in select patients.