佛山乐从地区家具工人变应性鼻炎变应原检测分析

目的 分析佛山乐从地区家具工人变应性鼻炎变应原阳性分布情况.方法 收集2014年1月至2016年6月就诊于本院五官科的变应性鼻炎患者500例为观察组,职业均为家具工人;另选取同期本院就诊的非家具工人变应性鼻炎患者500例为对照组.进行患者血清总IgE水平与血清特异性变应原检测及变应原皮肤点刺试验,探讨两组患者吸入性变应原的阳性分布情况,分析两种变应原检测方法的一致性.结果 观察组和对照组患者血清总IgE阳性率分别为95.6％(478/500)、92.8％ (464/500),组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2=3.59,P＞0.05).血清特异性变应原检测和变应原皮肤点刺试验结果显示,两组患者螨类(粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带螨)变应原阳性率均最高,且观察组螨类、德国小蠊、交链孢菌属、多主枝孢菌属、树木、杂草、霉菌变应原阳性率均显著高于对照组(均P＜0.05).两种变应原检测方法的一致性较好(均Kappa值＞0.6).结论 相对于非家具工人,家具工人变应性鼻炎的螨类等多种变应原阳性率均升高.     

84例变应性鼻炎患儿过敏原皮内试验结果分析

目的 了解新疆地区变应性鼻炎患儿气传过敏原的分布状况,探讨气传变应原分布的地区差异及产生原因,为本地区儿童变应性鼻炎的防治方案提供客观依据.方法 采用阿罗格(NHD)点刺液进行皮肤点刺试验84例变应性鼻炎患儿进行气传变应原测试.结果 84例变应性鼻炎患儿吸入变应原测试总阳性率96.4%(81例),以藜属花粉最高70.2%(59例),蒿属植物次之42.9%(36例),其后依次为杨树27.4%(23例),榆树25.0%(21例),槭树17.8%(15例),柳树11.9%(10例),豚草(巨大豚草、普通豚草)11.9%(10例),粉螨10.7%(9例),尘螨9.5%(8例),交链孢霉8.3%(7例),特异青霉7.1%(6例),白色念珠菌4.8%(4例)等.81例对不同变应原过敏,其中42例(51.9%)患儿对2种或2种以上变应原过敏.点刺试验皮肤反应强度蒿属最明显,强阳性占蒿属过敏病人的50.0%,藜属次之,强阳性占藜属过敏病人的40.7%.结论 藜属和蒿属为新疆地区变应性鼻炎患儿最主要的变应原,在治疗过程中对这类变应性鼻炎患儿可采取有效的避、忌、替、移等措施,明确变应原后对特异性免疫治疗具有重要的指导意义.     

2972例变应性疾病患者皮肤点刺试验临床分析

目的:了解温州地区常见变应性疾病经皮肤点刺试验诊断过敏原的分布,探讨常见变应性疾病与过敏原的关系。方法:使用丹麦爱尔开-阿贝优公司的吸入组点刺试剂和德国默克公司的食入组点刺试剂,组胺液为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照。结果:①2972例患者吸入过敏原以粉尘螨和屋尘螨阳性例数居多,其次为霉菌1;食入过敏原以小虾阳性例数最多。②2972例患者中变应原阳性率以男性居多。③1岁～18岁患者吸入过敏原与食入过敏原阳性率均呈上升趋势。结论:温州地区常见变应性疾病皮肤点刺试验有较高的检出率,其中吸入过敏原以粉尘螨和屋尘螨为主,食入过敏原以小虾为主。     

广州地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原调查分析

目的调查广州地区支气管哮喘发病相关的主要致敏变应原.方法对102例支气管哮喘缓解期患者,其中儿童48例,成人54例,用尘螨、霉菌、猫毛等12种常见吸入变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,并测定其中27例总IgE(TIgE)的水平.结果儿童组尘螨皮试阳性率最高(均为79.2%),其次是屋尘(72.9%).成年组尘螨皮试阳性率最高,粉尘螨和屋尘螨分别为59.3%、62.9%,其次为屋尘(40.7%).在动物毛发皮屑中,以狗毛为主,猫毛次之;对于所有变应原,儿童组的阳性百分率远远高于成年组;27例血清总IgE的均值为506.1KU/L,远高于正常人,其中皮试阳性者TIgE水平高于皮试阴性者(p<0.01).结论广州地区主要变应原均为尘螨,且哮喘儿童对尘螨过敏的阳性率显著高于成人.     

变应性鼻炎和哮喘的变应原皮试和脱敏治疗

对２００例变应性鼻炎、哮喘或二者兼有的病人进行变应原皮肤试验。发现上海地区７４％的上述病人中对２种或２种以上抗原过敏，其中除屋尘、尘螨是最常见的变应原外，对花粉、昆虫、真菌、羽毛等过敏也占相当比例。应用相应的变应原对病人进行脱敏治疗，其中５９例疗程大于６个多月，最长为２年半。结果显示脱敏治疗对变应性鼻炎和哮喘均有效。总有效率为８４．７％。鼻炎更好。凡疗程越长，效果越好。     

变应性鼻炎患者外周血中T-bet的表达及其与血清IgE的关系

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎患者中外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中T-bet mRNA的表达及其与特异性IgE(SIgE)、患者症状和嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)的关系.方法 用Unicap CAP系统检测变应性鼻炎患者变应原,检测血清SIgE的和ECP含量.抽取其中35例对尘螨过敏的变应性鼻炎患者和15例正常人静脉血,密度梯度离心分离PBMC,其中部分PBMC用质量浓度为50μg/mL的螨变应原培养刺激,用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测T-bet mRNA表达.结果 变应性鼻炎患者和正常患者T-bet mRNA表达强度与参照物β-actin的比率分别是0.418±0.101和0.706±0.091,两者比较差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01).T-bet mRNA的表达强度分别与变应性鼻炎患者症状评分、ECP的浓度没有相关性(r=-0.227;-0.033,P＞0.05).然而,T-bet mRNA表达强度和SIgE存在负相关关系(r=-0.375,P＜0.05),SIgE水平与过敏症状成正相关(r=0.426,P＜0.05).变应原刺激前后T-bet mRNA表达强度、ECP和SIgE变化差异没有显著性(P＞0.05).结论 变应原为螨的变应性鼻炎患者中,T-bet mRNA表达较正常人低,变应性鼻炎患者T-bet mRNA低表达是变应性鼻炎Th1/Th2失衡机制中的重要环节之一.T-bet mRNA的下调表达与变应性鼻炎患者症状严重程度和ECP浓度无关.在体外,特异性变应原的刺激对儿童和成人的T-bet表达、ECP和SIgE没有影响.T-bet是间接影响IgE水平的因素之一.SIgE水平客观直接地反应过敏的严重程度,但T-bet没有,它只是可能影响IgE水平的间接因素之一.     

广州地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原调查分析

目的　调查广州地区支气管哮喘发病相关的主要致敏变应原 .方法　对 10 2例支气管哮喘缓解期患者 ,其中儿童 4 8例 ,成人 5 4例 ,用尘螨、霉菌、猫毛等 12种常见吸入变应原进行皮肤点刺试验 ,并测定其中 2 7例总IgE(TIgE)的水平 .结果　儿童组尘螨皮试阳性率最高 (均为 79.2 % ) ,其次是屋尘 (72 .9% ) .成年组尘螨皮试阳性率最高 ,粉尘螨和屋尘螨分别为 5 9.3%、6 2 .9% ,其次为屋尘 (4 0 .7% ) .在动物毛发皮屑中 ,以狗毛为主 ,猫毛次之 ;对于所有变应原 ,儿童组的阳性百分率远远高于成年组 ;2 7例血清总IgE的均值为 5 0 6 .1KU/L ,远高于正常人 ,其中皮试阳性者TIgE水平高于皮试阴性者 (p<0 .0 1) .结论　广州地区主要变应原均为尘螨 ,且哮喘儿童对尘螨过敏的阳性率显著高于成人     

广州市儿童个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性的相关性研究

目的 探讨广州在校儿童中个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性(BHR)间的关系，明确个人过敏原在儿童哮喘进展中的作用．方法 采用整群抽样的方法，对广州市l0岁在校学龄儿童应用ISAAC(the Intemational Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood)第二阶段研究方案进行研究，内容包括家长书面问卷(n=3565)，皮肤过敏原点刺试验(n=1094)及乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验(n=177)．结果 问卷调查近期喘息率为3．4％，特应性阳性率为30．8％。过敏原阳性率以尘螨最高，其次为蟑螂。第三为猫毛．多因素logistic回归分析显示。特应性(即≥1种过敏原阳性)不是儿童近期喘息及(BHR)独立的危险因素，屋尘螨、粉尘螨与近期喘息及(BHR)显著相关，猫毛与近期喘息也有显著的关联性，蟑螂过敏与近期喘息及(BHR)均无关．结论 广州市儿童特应性并非哮喘症状及BHR独立的危险因素，尘螨仍是当前广州市儿童哮喘的主要病因之一．     

广州市儿童个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性的相关性研究

目的探讨广州在校儿童中个人过敏原与哮喘症状及气道高反应性(BHR)间的关系, 明确个人过敏原在儿童哮喘进展中的作用.方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市10岁在校学龄儿童应用ISAAC(the International Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood)第二阶段研究方案进行研究,内容包括家长书面问卷(n=3565),皮肤过敏原点刺试验(n=1094)及乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验(n=177).结果问卷调查近期喘息率为3.4%,特应性阳性率为30.8%,过敏原阳性率以尘螨最高,其次为蟑螂,第三为猫毛.多因素 logistic回归分析显示,特应性(即≥1种过敏原阳性)不是儿童近期喘息及(BHR)独立的危险因素,屋尘螨、粉尘螨与近期喘息及(BHR)显著相关,猫毛与近期喘息也有显著的关联性,蟑螂过敏与近期喘息及(BHR)均无关.结论广州市儿童特应性并非哮喘症状及BHR独立的危险因素,尘螨仍是当前广州市儿童哮喘的主要病因之一.     

特异性免疫治疗对变应性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿的影响

目的: 探讨屋尘螨变应原特异性免疫治疗对变应性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿血清白细胞介素 13(IL-13)、白细胞介素 4(IL-4)、干扰素 γ(IFN-γ)水平及鼻部症状和肺功能的影响。方法: 选择屋尘螨变应原阳性的变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘的患儿58例,其中35例接受屋尘螨特异性免疫治疗为免疫组,其余23例予局部糖皮质激素治疗为药物组。于治疗前及治疗1年后分别测定患儿血清IL-4、IFN-γ和IL-13水平,并评估鼻部症状和肺功能。结果: 经过1年治疗后,免疫组鼻部症状评分较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05),与药物组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);免疫组因哮喘急性发作而急诊就诊的频率明显少于药物组;与治疗前比较,免疫组血清IL-4和IL-13水平下降,IFN-γ水平及IFN-γ/IL-4升高 (P<0.05),肺功能改善明显(P<0.05);而药物组血清IL-4和IL-13水平较治疗前无明显下降 (P>0.05),肺功能无改善 (P>0.05)。结论: 特异性免疫治疗后患儿血清IL-4和IL-13下调, IFN-γ及IFN-γ/ IL-4上调,提示特异性免疫治疗可能调节体内T辅助细胞(Th)Th1/Th2细胞的平衡,从而改善患儿鼻部症状和肺功能。     

Co-ordination of cough and swallow in vivo and in silico

Coughing and swallowing are airway-protective behaviours. The pharyngeal phase of swallowing prevents aspiration of oral material (saliva, food and liquid) by epiglottal movement, laryngeal adduction and clearing of the mouth and pharynx. Coughing is an aspiration-response behaviour that removes material from the airway. Co-ordination of these behaviours is vital to protect the airway from further aspiration-promoting events, such as a swallowing during the inspiratory phase of coughing. The operational characteristics, primary strategies and peripheral inputs that co-ordinate coughing and swallowing are unknown. This lack of knowledge impedes understanding and treatment of deficits in airway protection, such as the co-occurrence of dystussia and dysphagia common in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as stroke.     

ALA和HMME水凝胶栓剂的制备和体内外释药研究

目的 制备光敏剂5-氨基酮戊酸(ALA)和血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)水凝胶栓剂,评价其对直肠肿瘤组织的光敏剂递送效率.方法 将皮下移植人直肠癌细胞SW837的BALB/c小鼠随机分为水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组、皮肤局部给药组、瘤内注射给药组和静脉注射给药组.用荧光光谱仪测量直肠壁、皮肤和皮下肿瘤中原卟啉(PpⅨ)和HMME的浓度,荧光光谱系统测定相应的光敏剂分布情况.结果 ALA水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组的PpⅨ浓度分别是皮肤局部给药组的9.76倍(1 h)和5.80倍(3 h),差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).皮肤局部给药后2h,ALA在肿瘤组织内达到最大穿透深度(3～6 mm).而HMME水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药后,直肠壁中的HMME浓度极低,且皮肤局部给药后的最大肿瘤穿透深度不足2 mm.结论 与皮肤相比,ALA更易穿透黏膜屏障,以水凝胶栓剂形式直肠局部给药有望成为ALA用于光动力疗法治疗直肠癌的一种给药方式.     

Incorporation and Disappearance of Sulfate in Different Regions of Mouse and Rat Costal Cartilage in vivo and in vitro

A rapid and simple method for liquid scintillation counting of ³³S-sulfate in biological tissues is described. Sulfate incorporation per mg dry weight into selected lateral, medial and intermediate regions of ribs was studied using costal cartilage from rats and mice. In vitro, cartilage pieces embracing the osteochondral junction had 2–4 times larger incorporation rate than the remaining homogeneous parts of the ribs, both if entire rib cages or stripped and diced cartilage were incubated. After in vivo injection to rats and mice the incorporation rates of sulfate into the region of the osteochondral junction was 2.6 times that found in “resting” cartilage in rats and 4.4 times in mice. The ³⁵S-sulfate uptake in the ribs per mg dry cartilage diminished in the caudal direction. Growth of the chest cage was mainly a longitudinal growth of the bony segments. Marked differences in the disappearance rates of previously incorporated sulfate were found in different regions along the rib. Rapid sulfate disappearance was found in the bony segment which, however, had incorporated only one seventh of the amount per mg taken up by “resting” cartilage. The “resting” cartilage segments exhibited a steady slow disappearance rate for sulfate and the osteochondral junction region consisting of several differently active tissues showed a rapid sulfate disappearance in the beginning followed by a slow clearance after 2 weeks similar to that of “resting” cartilage. The necessity of careful selection of costal cartilage samples with respect to regional differences is emphasized.     

Characteristics of Tremor in Normal Subjects and in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinsonism

Tensotremorography was used to record voluntary forces and to study the characteristics of the involuntary and voluntary components of isometrically recorded hand strength. The frequency ranges for changes in the spectral density of oscillations recorded here supported the existence of two suprasegmental systems associated with voluntary control and continuous regulation of force maintaining or holding a posture. Cross-correlation analysis of hand force maintained in conditions of visual feedback in normal conditions and in conditions of central disorders of the movement control system is presented.     

Fine structure of bovine morulae and blastocysts in vivo and in vitro

 The ultrastructure of bovine morulae and blastocysts developed from in vitro-matured and -fertilized oocytes in a serum-supplemented medium was compared with that of morulae and blastocysts collected non-surgically from superovulated cows. In the in vivo-derived morulae, two characteristic cells types could be identified by the electron-density of their cytoplasm and by their ultrastructural features. One type appeared light in color with low electron-dense cytoplasm. These cells were located in the peripheral layer of the cluster of blastomeres, possessed numerous cellular organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus and had microvilli projecting into the perivitelline space. The other cell type was distinguished by cytoplasm that stained more densely than that of the lighter-appearing cells. The darker-appearing cells generally possessed fewer organelles than the lighter cells, but many lysosome-like structures were present in the cytoplasm. The in vitro-developed morulae also contained two types of cells similar to those observed in the in vivo morulae. However, most of the in vitro-developed cells possessed numerous lipid droplets and contained fewer lysosome-like structures than the cells of the in vivo-derived morulae. The blastocysts, both in vivo and in vitro, showed a clear differentiation of trophoblast cells and inner cell mass (ICM)-cells. In the in vivo-derived blastocyst, the apical membrane of trophoblast cells was covered with large, numerous microvilli and well-developed junctional complexes were observed. Lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm of trophoblast and ICM-cells but were not abundant. In vitro-developed blastocysts showed less well-developed junctional complexes between trophoblast cells, less well-developed apical microvilli on the trophoblast cells, and contained large numbers of lipid droplets. This accumulation of lipid droplets was higher in the trophoblast cells than in the ICM-cells. The zonae pellucidae of in vitro-developed embryos were thinner than that of the in vivo-derived embryos. This study demonstrates conspicuous differences in the ultrastructural features between the in vivo-derived and in vitro-developed embryos, suggesting that the ultrastructure may reflect the various physiological anomalies observed in previous studies. Accepted: 29 October 1998     

Expression of EpCam and villin in Barrett's esophagus and in gastric cardia

In the current study we aimed to clarify the potential of EpCAM and villin as in vivo biomarkers for both Barrett esophagus (BE)-associated neoplasia and BE versus cardiac mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining in BE with various degrees of intraepithelial neoplasia (IN), Barrett carcinoma (BC) and in normal cardiac mucosa (CM) revealed a lack of EpCam and villin in squamous esophageal epithelium. All specimens of IN and BC showed EpCam with varying staining intensities. In 57% of CM samples a weak signal was detected; the remainder displayed strong EpCam expression. Villin was found in 97% of BE specimens and in all those with IN; 37% of BC and 75% of CM specimens were~also positive. We conclude that expression of EpCam and villin differs only between squamous epithelium and BE. Determination of these proteins does not allow discrimination between different degrees of neoplasia or between esophageal intestinal metaplasia and cardiac mucosa.     

Isolation and purification of psoralen and isopsoralen and their efficacy and safety in the treatment of osteosarcoma in nude rats

Background

Modern studies have shown that psoralen has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth in a variety of animals and humans.

Objective

To obtain coumarin compounds — psoralen and isopsoralen — from traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia L. using chromatographic techniques and isolation and purification methods, and to observe the transplanted tumor growth inhibitory effects and adverse reactions of psoralen and isopsoralen in nude rats with osteosarcoma.

Methods

Dried ripe fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L. were taken as the raw material to prepare crude extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. by ethanol reflux method. Column chromatography was used to isolate the crude extract; compounds were structurally identified based on ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectra, the two compounds were identified as psoralen andisopsoralen, and their contents were 99.7% and 99.6, respectively. Nude rat model of osteosarcoma was established; the rats were randomized into: normal saline group, psoralen low- and high-dose groups, isopsoralen low- and high-dose groups, and cisplatin group. Osteosarcoma volume and weight inhibition rates in nude rats in each group were observed; radioimmunoassay was used to determine the serum alkaline phosphatase activity; peripheral blood cell and bone marrow nucleated cell counts were determined; light microscopy was used to observe heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and tumor histopathology; and electron microscopy was used to observe the fine structure of tumor cells.

Results

Tumor volume inhibition rates were 43.75% and 40.18%, respectively, in the psoralen and isopsoralen low-dose groups, and tumor weight inhibition rates were 38.83% and 37.77%. Tumor volume inhibition rates were 67.86% and 66.96%, respectively, in the psoralen and isopsoralen high-dose groups, and tumor weight inhibition rates were 49.47% and 47.87%. Psoralen and ispsoralen markedly lowered serum AKP level. Psoralen and isopsoralen induced apoptosis or necrosis of osteosarcoma. After administration of high doses of psoralen and isopsoralen, toxic reactions such as writhing, lassitude, and hypoactivity were seen. Kidney histopathology showed tubulointerstitial dilatation and congestion, and inflammatory cell aggregation in the renal intercellular space. Psoralen and isopsoralen did not cause any significant toxic side effects to the bone marrow, or other organs such as heart, lung, liver, and spleen.

Conclusion

Psoralen and isopsoralen have growth inhibitory effects on transplanted tumor in nude rats with osteosarcoma, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis or necrosis, without significant toxic effects.     

Turnover of synapse and dynamic nature of synaptic molecules in vitro and in vivo

Recent advances of imaging techniques have enabled us to investigate the dynamics of synapses in living neurons. The synapse is constructed of presynaptic and postsynaptic elements which contain various kinds of structural and functional molecules. The postsynaptic density (PSD) is the most prominent structure among the excitatory postsynaptic elements. One of the main components of PSD is the scaffolding proteins which interact with multiple proteins in the synapse. Scaffolding proteins are suggested to play key roles in the emergence, maintenance, and remodeling of the excitatory synapses. Several kinds of scaffolding proteins are known to be present in the mammalian and also other vertebrate brains. These proteins were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed in cultured neurons to analyze the dynamics and turnover of molecules in the synapses. In this review we describe how these molecules behave when the synapse is newly added or eliminated in the steady state and also when neuronal activity is changed.