氦氖激光对体外人肝癌和胃癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究氦氖激光的生物学效应。方法：用３４．５～１３８Ｊ／ｃｍ２的氦氖激光照射体外培养的人肝癌ＳＭＭＣ７７２１和人胃癌ＳＧＣ７９０１细胞，间日１次，共６次。结果：６９Ｊ／ｃｍ２和１３８Ｊ／ｃｍ２的氦氖激光照射人肝癌细胞后７２小时和９６小时内、３４．５～１３８Ｊ／ｃｍ２的氦氖激光照射人胃癌细胞后７２小时内有促进增殖的作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：较大剂量的氦氖激光照射人癌细胞后在一定时间内有促进其生长的作用，在临床应用上应避免该副作用的发生。     

氦氖激光照射对豚鼠表皮郎格尔汉斯细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：观察不同剂量氦氖激光照射豚鼠表皮郎格尔汉斯细胞后对其抗原提呈功能的影响。方法：用耳肿试验和同种异体表皮淋巴细胞混合培养反应方法观察氦氖激光照射对豚鼠表皮郎格尔汉斯细胞抗原提呈功能的影响。结果：在耳肿试验中，１．１６Ｊ／ｃｍ２，２．３２Ｊ／ｃｍ２和４．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２剂量均增加豚鼠的耳叶厚度，以２．３２Ｊ／ｃｍ２最显著。在同种异体表皮淋巴细胞混合培养反应中，０．５９Ｊ／ｃｍ２，１．１９Ｊ／ｃｍ２和２．３７Ｊ／ｃｍ２剂量均增强郎格尔汉斯细胞刺激Ｔ细胞增殖的能力。结论：一定剂量的低能量氦氖激光照射可增强郎尔汉斯细胞的抗原提呈功能     

氦—氖激光照射对脾T细胞转化及T细胞亚群的影响

以能量密度分别为３．９Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、７．８Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、１９．５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射小鼠脾区，观察其脾Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率和Ｔ细胞亚群的变化。结果表明，Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射小鼠脾区后，脾Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率、辅助性Ｔ细胞（ＴＨ）均显著增加，抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）显著减少，尤以７．８Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、１９．５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２组最显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

氦—氖激光对小鼠脑组织5—羟色胺含量的影响

目的：探讨氦－氖激光直接照射对小鼠脑组织５－羟色胺含量的影响。方法：在麻醉状态下,切开小鼠头部皮肤,暴露颅骨及脑组织,用氦－氖激光仪垂直照射小鼠额叶皮质,采用高效液相色谱－电化学检测方法测定不同剂量氦－氖激光照射后小鼠脑组织５－羟色胺含量的变化。结果：激光照射各组可明显增加小鼠脑组织５－羟色胺含量,以剂量为５５．１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和２７．６Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２组最明显,差异有高度统计学意义。结论：氦－氖激光脑     

氦—氖激光对人大颗粒淋巴细胞内嗜天青颗粒影响的图像分？…

目的 探讨氦－氖（Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ）激光对人体的免疫刺激作用的机理。方法 用３．１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、９．４Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、２５．０Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和４９．９Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光分别在体外辐射人外周血，细胞化学方法显示大鼠粒淋巴细胞内嗜天青颗粒，产用图像分析系统对嗜天青颗粒作定量分析。结果 ３．１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２辐照组的嗜天青颗粒数目、颗粒面积、颗粒面积与细胞面积比值和颗粒积分光密度四项参数值与对照组比较无     

氦氖激光对兔胫骨骨折愈合微血管重建的影响

目的：探讨氦氖激光对兔胫骨骨折愈合的作用。方法：家兔２０只，双侧胫骨中段制作骨折模型，术后第２天开始，左侧采用氦氖激光照射，功率密度６．３７ｍＷ／ｃｍ２，能量密度３．８２Ｊ／ｃｍ２，１０分钟，每日１次，连续１０日，右侧不予照射为对照组。于术后第５，１０，２０，３０天分４批处死动物，每批５只，采用血管墨汁灌注切片法，光镜观察。结果：实验组微血管重建比对照组加快。结论：氦氖激光照射可促进骨折愈合。     

氦—氖激光对离体宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：全面认识氦－氖激光的生物效应。方法：分别用１７．２７Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２，３４．５４Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２，６９Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２剂量的氦－氖激光照射人宫颈癌ＨｅＬａ细胞，隔天１次，共６次。照射结束后４７，７２，９６小时对８组细胞进行增殖实验分析。结果：３组细胞增殖加快（Ｐ〈０．０５），１组降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），４组无差异（Ｐ〉０．１），所有数据经秩和检验表明，氦－氖激光照射对细胞增殖无明显影响（ｕ＝１．６１５８，     

氦－氖激光照射对脾T细胞转化及T细胞亚群的影响

以能量密度分别为３．９Ｊ／ｃｍ２、７．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２、１９．５Ｊ／ｃｍ２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照谢小鼠脾区，观察其脾Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率和Ｔ细胞亚群的变化。结果表明，Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射小鼠脾区后，脾Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率、辅助性Ｔ细胞（ＴＨ）均显著增加，抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）显著减少，尤以７．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２、１９．５Ｊ／ｃｍ２组最显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

氦—氖激光对人淋巴细胞中酸性α—醋酸萘酯酶影响的图象分析

用３．１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、９．４Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２、２５．０Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和４９．９Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光分别辐照人外周血。应用酶细胞化学方法显示淋巴细胞内酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）反应物，并用图像分析系统对ＡＮＡＥ反应物作定量分析。结果表明，３．１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２辐照组的酶反应物颗粒数目、颗粒面积、颗粒面积与细胞面积比值和颗粒积分光密度４项参数值与对照组比较无明显变化；９．４Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２辐照组的四     

体外UVA照射正常人外周血对T细胞免疫的影响：Ⅰ.对淋巴细胞转化…

为探索长波紫外线对人Ｔ细胞免疫的激剂量，本实验以不同剂量的ＵＶＡ体外照射正常人外周血，以淋巴细胞转化率为指标，筛选出了ＵＶＡ对Ｔ淋巴细胞的激活剂量。结果表明：３４８．５－１３９４ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２的ＵＶＡ对淋巴细胞具有明显的激活作，其中６９７ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２为最佳激活剂量。一次最佳激活剂量照射对Ｔ淋巴细胞的激活作用至少持续６小时。     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.