尿道会师术325例

报告４４年间因新鲜尿道损伤行尿道会师术并有随访结果者３２５例，总治愈率为５８．７％。认为尿道会师术应作为膜部尿道损伤的首选治疗方法；其操作强调动作轻巧，不宜反复勉强会师；严格掌握尿道会师术指征；后期坚持尿道扩张十分重要，须由专科医师实施     

自制导引钢丝在后尿道断裂会师术中的应用

尿道会师术是治疗后尿道断裂最常用的有效方法,但手术过程较繁琐,且有加重或再损伤尿道的可能[1]。笔者采用自制导引钢丝治疗33例后尿道断裂患者,取得效果良好,现报告如下。1临床资料本组33例,年龄20～59岁,平均35岁。其中32     

尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道球部损伤

我院自1990～1994年，以尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道球部损伤4例。疗效满意，报告如下。1资料与方法1．1临床资料本组4例，均为男性，年龄18～33岁。因骑跨伤致尿道出血伴排尿困难1～6h就诊，3例伴有尿潴留，均无休克表现。静脉尿路造影示尿道球部破裂2例，尿道球部断裂2例。4例均不伴有后尿道及膀脱损伤。临床分类：Ⅱ类2例，Ⅲ类2例。试插导尿管均失败。急诊行尿道镜下尿道会师术。术后随访2年9个月～6年7个月，并行尿流率测定。1．2手术方法腰麻下，取截石位，以5％甘露醇液或生理盐水冲洗，行尿道镜下尿道会师术。直视下将F21尿道镜进…     

腔内尿道会师器在尿道断裂中的应用

研制尽可能小创伤治疗外伤性尿道断裂的腔内尿道会师器。方法 在１８例外伤性悄道断裂患者中通过腔内尿道会师的方法，恢复尿道的连续性，保留导尿４－６周。结果 经１．５－５年随访，除１例术后８月经尿道内切开治愈尿道狭窄外，余１７例排尿正常，１４例性功能良好。结论腔内尿道会师器是一种简单，安全，创伤小，疗效好的手术器械，尤其适用于有严重合并症，开放手术风险大的尿道外伤患者。     

自制尿道会师器的临床应用

作为骨盆骨折的合并伤,男性后尿道断裂比较常见,由于损伤性休克的原因,患者一般情况较差,不能耐受复杂的手术.尿道会师术仍是目前后尿道断裂早期处理的较好方法[1],但尿道会师术[2]操作繁琐,实际操作中引用了1条过渡性的导尿管,反复在尿道内通过,加重损伤尿道粘膜,易引起术后尿道狭窄、感染等并发症.鉴于此,我们试制了尿道会师器,自1998年起应用于临床共治疗20例后尿道断裂患者,与同期未用会师器的20例患者(随机分组)进行观察对比分析,效果显著,现报告如下.     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤

目的探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术在尿道断裂中的应用价值。方法回顾分析16例尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床资料。结果16例手术成功,随访3个月～2年,其中排尿通畅、尿线粗,不再需要尿道扩张12例;排尿尚通畅,但仍需定期尿道扩张,无残余尿3例,1例由于术后没有定期尿道扩张3～4个月出现尿道狭窄改行尿道内冷刀切开加电切术后治愈。均无性功能异常、尿失禁。结论输尿管镜下尿道会师术手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快、效果佳,是优于传统开放尿道会师术的理想方法,合理选择病人可取得较好的治疗效果。     

尿道会师牵引术治疗后尿道断裂45例

目的探讨基层医院后尿道断裂早期安全、有效的治疗方法。方法对我院行尿道会师牵引术治疗的45例后尿道断裂患者,术后定期尿道扩张及随访,进行回顾性分析总结。结果41例效果良好(占91.1%),3例效果不良,1例失败,2例二次手术。结论尿道会师牵引术方法简单、安全、创伤小,能有效恢复尿道的连续性,是基层医院处理后尿道断裂的首选方法。     

尿道会师术后尿道造影检查分析

在临床实践中 ,我们发现尿道会师术后尿道狭窄并发症的发生与气囊尿管拔除时间过早有关[1] 。 1983～ 1997年 ,我们采用尿道造影检查 ,对尿道会师术后尿道断裂的愈合情况与导尿管留置时间进行相关分析。1.资料与方法 :本组 2 6例均为男性 ,年龄 19～ 5 5岁 ,平均 30岁。 2 6例均为后尿道断裂伤 ,其中膜部尿道损伤 2 2例 (85 % ) ,前列腺尖部尿道损伤 4例(15 % )。所有病例均因交通或建筑等事故损伤所致 ,均伴有不同程度的骨盆骨折或耻骨联合分离。 2 6例均为新鲜后尿道损伤。在入院后除其他综合治疗外 ,立即行尿道会师术。气囊尿管选用2 0～…     

改良尿道会师牵引术的临床应用

尿道会师术是治疗骨盆骨折伴后尿道断裂的常用手术方法。我院 1985年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月对其中 75例该类病人采用改良尿道会师牵引术治疗 ,手术简便 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　本组 75例 ,均为男性 ,年龄 2 3～ 4 5岁 ,平均 34岁。主要致伤原因为井下塌方、挤压 ,其次为交通事故。后尿道断裂 67例 ,部分断裂 8例。单纯耻骨支或坐骨支骨折 34例 ,单侧坐骨支及耻骨支均骨折 31例 ,双侧坐骨支或耻骨支骨折 4例 ,双侧耻骨支及坐骨支均骨折 6例 ;伴有单侧骶髂关节脱位及其他部位骨折 2 4例 ,合并内脏损伤 15例 ,伴有休…     

输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例

目的探讨输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的疗效。方法 2006年1月～2011年1月采用输尿管镜、尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例,经尿道输尿管镜探查明确损伤部位,对损伤较轻者,输尿管镜探查后直接进入膀胱,在输尿管支架管引导下置入F18～F20完成尿道会师;对输尿管完全断裂者,输尿管镜明确后行膀胱造瘘,在尿道镜引导下行输尿管支架管引导从尿道外口置入F18～F20尿管完成尿道会师,术后对尿道狭窄者定期尿道扩张。结果 28例均一次性成功,手术时间5～36 min,平均16 min。术中见尿道黏膜挫伤4例、球部尿道后壁穿孔4例、后尿道黏膜撕裂伤4例、尿道部分撕裂伤10例、尿道完全断裂伤6例,4例合并前列腺增生。23例随访3～36个月,平均27个月,其中20例随访〉24个月：术后均恢复正常排尿,最大尿液率17～22 ml/s,平均20 ml/s;9例尿道狭窄分别行冷刀内切开（3例）和直视下尿道扩张（6例）。结论经尿道腔镜下会师术操作简单,患者痛苦小,尿道排尿功能恢复良好。     

Modified Primary Urethral Realignment Under Flexible Urethroscope

Objective: To assess the clinical significance of flexible endoscopic realignment in the treatment of posterior urethral disruption in comparison to the traditional open realignment method. Methods: A total of 58 patients suffering posterior urethral disruption were enrolled into the current study from January 2003 to May 2009. Of them, 23 patients (Group A) were treated with modified technique of urethral realignment under flexible urethroscopy and 35 patients (Group B) received conventional open realignment. Results: Either procedure was successfully performed in both groups. However, the operation time was significantly shorter in Group A (29.1 ± 9.5 min) than that in Group B (58.1 ± 11.2 min, p < 0.001). Also, patients in Group A had a significantly decreased incidence of stricture (4 of 23 cases in Group A versus 15 of 35 cases in Group B, p = 0.043) and formation of false urethra (0 of 23 cases in Group A versus 7 of 35 cases in Group B, p = 0.035). Prevalence of secondary urethroplasty was less in Group A (1/23) compared to Group B (8/35), but there was no statistical difference (p = 0.057). In addition, there was no significant difference in morbidity of urinary infection, incidence of incontinence, and impotence between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the traditional open realignment, the new technique of urethral realignment under flexible endoscope has the advantage of short operation time, minimally invasive and less complications.     

双窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的疗效观察（附23例报告）

目的：探讨双内窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析23例尿道损伤患者采用输尿管软镜及尿道膀胱镜进行双内窥镜下尿道会师术的早期治疗经验.结果：23例损伤尿道在双内窥镜直视下会师均获得成功,全部患者无尿失禁,其中20例维持良好性功能.随访1～3年,18例无需进一步处理,尿流率正常;另5例出现短程排尿困难和继发性尿道狭窄,经短期定期尿道扩张或尿道内切开后,排尿正常.结论：双窥镜下尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤具有手术方式简单、手术时间短、微创、并发症少的优点,可有效用于男性闭合性尿道损伤的治疗,尤其是后尿道完全断裂及骨盆骨折患者.     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤的技巧探讨(附15例报告)

目的:探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤的手术技巧。方法:对15例尿道骑跨伤患者采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术,并随访观察手术效果。结果:14例一次手术置管成功,平均手术时间8.9min,1例失败,行开放手术。术后12例患者拔出尿管后排尿通畅,随访6～12个月,无尿道狭窄发生。3例术后3个月发生尿道狭窄,经过3～6个月的尿道扩张,排尿正常,随访1年,无再狭窄发生。结论:输尿管镜下尿道会师术宜作为尿道骑跨伤的首选治疗方法,诊断性导尿可以放弃,以尿道前壁正常黏膜位为标识是成功的关键。     

斜仰卧截石位双镜联合输尿管会师术治疗医源性输尿管阴道瘘（附42例报告）

目的 探讨内镜手术治疗医源性损伤导致输尿管阴道瘘的方法及临床效果.方法 2005年2月～ 2013年1月,选取42例医源性输尿管损伤后输尿管阴道瘘,采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘Wolf F9.8输尿管短镜联合经尿道输尿管长镜引导置入双J管行输尿管会师术.结果 2例失败,肾造瘘术后3个月行开放手术.40例手术成功者漏尿于术后逐渐减少并在48小时内停止.术后1个月输尿管窦道基本成形,术后2个月拔除肾造瘘管,3个月复查静脉肾盂造影（IVP）,患侧输尿管通畅,拔双J管.随访6～24个月,平均14.7月,无并发症发生.结论 经皮肾穿刺造瘘联合经尿道输尿管镜下输尿管会师术是处理输尿管阴道瘘的有效治疗方法.     

Urethral extensibility applied to reconstructive surgery

PURPOSE: The human male urethra has great capacity to extend under traction. This extensibility is the principle of some surgical techniques used to overcome urethral defects and for penile lengthening. However, to our knowledge safe limits of urethral extensibility in reconstructive surgery have not been yet established by a morphological study. To this end we measured fresh human cadaveric urethras with and without traction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the macroscopically normal, fresh cadaveric urethra from 25 men 6 months to 73 years old at death (mean age 30.6). Penile length and length of the total, penile, bulbar and membranous urethra were measured. Length under maximal constant traction and the maximal stretched length without penile curvature at artificial erection were determined. Extensibility is expressed as the percent of the variation in initial length at rest and maximal constant traction length. Maximal stretched length without penile curvature at artificial erection is expressed as a percent of maximal constant traction length. RESULTS: Total urethral extensibility was higher than penile extensibility (p <0.001). Urethral extensibility decreased with aging (r = -0.806, p <0.001). Mean extensibility of the whole male urethra was 66.2% +/- 7.2% and differences among urethral segments were not significant (p = 0.283). Mean maximal stretched length without penile curvature at artificial erection was 75.2% +/- 3.8% and it did not change with age. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the safe anatomical limit of urethral extensibility applied to reconstructive surgery may avoid complications and the necessity for more complex techniques. This limit should be approximately 75% of the maximal constant traction length or a gap-to-normal urethra ratio of 1:4. However, age related variations should be considered.     

Urethral strictures

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Urethral strictures are common and increasingly common in an ageing population. The treatment is controversial and particularly the relative roles of urethrotomy or urethral dilatation on the one hand and urethroplasty on the other. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject including less commonly discussed issues such as the history and pathology of stricture disease. We would hope that a comprehensive overview of the subject will give a sharper perspective to aid the investigation and management of patients with urethral strictures.