B7-H1分子免疫病理在多发性肌炎中的临床研究

目的 通过免疫组化染色了解协同刺激分子B7-H1蛋白在多发性肌炎(PM)和肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD 28)患者肌组织中的表达情况,探讨其在PM诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 选择苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科自2006年1月至2009年12月收治的43例PM患者(PM组),26例LGMD 2B型患者(LGMD 2B组)及21例肌活检正常者(对照组).对所有成员行肌肉活检,冰冻切片后进行常规HE染色、免疫组织化学染色,检测肌组织中B7-H1蛋白的表达.结果 (1)PM组与LGMD 2B型组肌肉活检普通病理染色结果相似,表现为不同程度的坏死、吞噬、再生现象,伴有不同程度的炎细胞浸润.(2)PM组B7-H1蛋白阳性表达主要定位于细胞膜,呈棕黄色至棕褐色,主要集中在有炎细胞浸润的变性、坏死肌纤维上;其肌组织中B7-H1蛋白表达水平比较LGMD2B型组和对照组成员肌组织中水平明显增高(分别为69.77%、26.92%、4.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 协同刺激分子B7-H1在PM患者肌组织中高表达,参与了PM的免疫学发病机制,可成为PM与继发性炎细胞浸润性肌病相鉴别的免疫病理标志.     

B7-H1分子免疫病理在多发性肌炎中的临床研究

目的 通过免疫组化染色了解协同刺激分子B7-H1蛋白在多发性肌炎(PM)和肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD 28)患者肌组织中的表达情况,探讨其在PM诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 选择苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科自2006年1月至2009年12月收治的43例PM患者(PM组),26例LGMD 2B型患者(LGMD 2B组)及21例肌活检正常者(对照组).对所有成员行肌肉活检,冰冻切片后进行常规HE染色、免疫组织化学染色,检测肌组织中B7-H1蛋白的表达.结果 (1)PM组与LGMD 2B型组肌肉活检普通病理染色结果相似,表现为不同程度的坏死、吞噬、再生现象,伴有不同程度的炎细胞浸润.(2)PM组B7-H1蛋白阳性表达主要定位于细胞膜,呈棕黄色至棕褐色,主要集中在有炎细胞浸润的变性、坏死肌纤维上;其肌组织中B7-H1蛋白表达水平比较LGMD2B型组和对照组成员肌组织中水平明显增高(分别为69.77%、26.92%、4.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 协同刺激分子B7-H1在PM患者肌组织中高表达,参与了PM的免疫学发病机制,可成为PM与继发性炎细胞浸润性肌病相鉴别的免疫病理标志.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the protein expression of costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in muscular tissues of patients with polymyositis (PM) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-2B type (LGMD-2B), and investigate its relevance to the pathogenesis of PM and its role in the diagnosis and identification of PM. Methods Forty-three patients with PM, 26 patients with LGMD -2B and 21 with normal muscle biopsy were recruited. Muscle biopsy was performed before frozen sections, and then, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression of B7-H1 in muscle tissues of each group. Results The results of HE staining of muscle tissues in the PM group and LGMD 2B group were very similar; varying degrees of necrosis, phagocytosis and regeneration phenomenon were noted with varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. In PM group,muscle-related expression of B7-H1 was observed on the surface of muscle fibers (the cytomembrane). It was localized in areas where inflammatory cells lay in close apposition to damaged or non-necrotic muscle fibers. The B7-H1 protein in the PM muscular tissue was significantly increased as compared with that in the LGMD -2B tissue and normal tissue (69.77%, 26.92%, 4.76%, P<0.05). Conclusion Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 is highly expressed in the muscular tissue of patients with PM and it may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PM. It can be used to make a distinction between PM and other myopathies that have secondary inflammatory changes.     

肢带型肌营养不良2B型与多发性肌炎的临床及病理鉴别诊断

目的 分析肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD2B)与多发性肌炎(PM)的临床、病理诊断与鉴别诊断要点.方法 对8例首诊为PM,再诊时高度怀疑LGMD2B的患者做开放式骨骼肌活体组织检查,行组织化学及抗dysferlin、dystrophins、sarcoglycans、MHC-Ⅰ、CD8单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色,与4例PM进行临床、病理对比分析.结果 (1)组织化学染色2组患者均呈不同程度的肌纤维变性、坏死,炎细胞浸润;临床可疑LGMD2B患者dystrophins、sarcoglycans蛋白表达正常,dysferlin蛋白表达缺失,MHC-Ⅰ弱或阴性表达,少数炎细胞CD8阳性表达,因此确诊为LGMD2B;4例PM患者肌纤维膜上dysferlin蛋白表达正常,MHC-Ⅰ在肌纤维膜及炎细胞浸润区呈强阳性表达,部分炎细胞CD8阳性表达.(2)LGMD2B与PM临床均表现为近端肌无力,血肌酸激酶显著增高,肌电图呈肌源性异常.LGMD2B肌痛不明显,红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白正常,有别于PM.结论 LGMD2B与PM在临床、骨骼肌组织化学染色病理上相似,易误诊;LGMD2B患者dysferlin蛋白表达缺失及PM患者的MHC-Ⅰ、CD8强阳性表达可作为两者诊断与鉴别诊断的重要方法.     

应用免疫印迹法诊断肢带型肌营养不良2A型

目的 应用免疫印迹法(Western blot)诊断肢带型肌营养不良2A型(LGMD2A)患者并与LGMD2B型相鉴别.方法 收集我院诊治的4例LGMD2型患者的临床、病理及生化检验资料.取肌肉活体组织行组织化学和免疫组织化学染色,用Western blot分析dysferlin蛋白及calpain-3蛋白的表达.结果 LGMD2A与2B型患者的临床症状相似;免疫组织化学染色显示所有患者均出现不同程度的dysferlin缺失.但Western blot揭示:LGMD2A型患者calpain-3蛋白完全缺失,dysferlin蛋白部分缺失;而2B型患者则相反.结论 用Western blot检测calpain-3蛋白可在dysfedin蛋白表达缺失的LGMD患者中鉴别出2A型患者,该方法对临床辅助诊断LGMD2A有很好的价值.     

多发性肌炎肌组织中ICAM-1 mRNA的表达

目的 探讨细胞问粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)参与多发性肌炎(PM)的病理机制。方法 采用RTPCR法检测7名多发性肌炎(PM)患者肌组织中ICAM-1 mRNA的表达。结果 PM患者肌肉活检标本ICAM-1 mRNA的表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论ICAM-1在多发性肌炎肌组织中呈现高表达,表明ICAM-1在PM的炎性细胞浸润破坏病变中起重要的介导作用。     

分子病理确诊的肢带型肌营养不良2A型患者五例临床及病理特点

目的 通过总结5例肢带型肌营养不良2A型(LGMD2A)患者的病例资料,探讨其临床和病理特点.方法 对病理诊断排除LGMD2B(7例)之后的30例分型未明的LGMD患者的肌肉标本进行免疫组织化学染色和钙激活蛋白酶-3(calpain-3)蛋白免疫印迹分析.结果 30例患者肌肉标本中有5例calpain-3蛋白条带缺失或遗留痕迹,从而被确诊为钙蛋白酶肌病,即LGMD2A.该5例患者起病年龄10～45岁,病程2～10年.其中2例的同胞兄妹有相似的临床表现,而父母无异常,提示本病的常染色体隐性遗传方式.5例均以下肢近端肌无力起病,肌萎缩明显;血清肌酸激酶639～8237 U/L,平均2502 U/L,肌电图均为肌源性损害.5例肌肉活体组织检查病理符合典型肌营养不良的病理特点,表现为肌纤维大小明显不等,可见坏死伴吞噬及再生,内核纤维增多,还原型辅酶Ⅰ四氮唑还原酶染色2例见分叶状纤维.5例LGMD2A患者dystrophin、caveolin-3和α-、β-、γ-、δ-sarcoglycan免疫组织化学染色均正常,2例dysferlin染色减低,余3例正常.结论 LGMD2A的临床表现和肌活体组织检查病理均缺乏特异性,免疫印迹分析有助于此病的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

单纯多发性肌炎的临床、病理和CD28/CTLA-4:B7表达的研究

目的　研究单纯多发性肌炎 (SPM)的临床、病理特征和CD2 8/CTLA 4 :B7表达及其发病机制。方法　回顾性总结 14 1例SPM患者的临床资料 ,收集 6例治疗前症状高峰期PM病人的外周血 ,单色流式细胞术 (FCM)检测外周血淋巴细胞协同刺激分子CD2 8、CTLA 4、B7 1、BB 1和B7 2的表达 ,并与正常健康者对照。结果　本组主要表现肌无力、肌痛或肌捏痛 ,肌酸激酶 (CK)等血清肌酶谱增高 ,肌电图呈肌源性损害。肌肉病理主要表现为肌纤维变性坏死和再生 ,散在萎缩 ,肌内膜炎症细胞浸润。SPM组外周血淋巴细胞CD2 8、CTLA 4、B7 1、B7 2的表达增加 ,FCM显示CTLA 4及B7 1的平均荧光强度各自与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,CD2 8及B7 2也有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,BB 1在SPM组与对照组表达量均极少。结论　肌肉病理检查是诊断SPM的重要依据 ,协同刺激分子CD2 8/CTLA 4 :B7可能是SPM发病的重要环节。     

Dysferlin肌病的临床和病理特点分析(附6例报道)

目的:探讨dysferlin肌病的临床和病理特点。方法:对9例患者的肌肉病理标本进行组织化学和免疫组化染色检查,并对肌肉组织进一步行dysferlin蛋白的Westernblot分析。结果:9例患者中确诊6例为dysferlin肌病,病理表现均为肌源性损害,无边缘空泡,其中2例患者的病理分析有炎细胞浸润。根据临床表现特点,6例患者中有3例为Miyoshi肌病(MM),2例为肢带型肌营养不良2B型(LGMD2B),1例为远端前群肌病(DACM)。结论:Dysferlin肌病在肌电图上为肌源性损害、肌酶显著升高,其临床表现多样,dysferlin免疫组化染色联合Westernblot有着重要诊断意义。     

肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床和病理特点

目的研究肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床及病理特点。方法回顾性分析5例肢带型肌营养不良2B型患者的临床资料和骨骼肌病理检查结果。结果5例(3例四肢,2例双下肢)表现肌肉萎缩、肌无力,缓慢起病,进行性加重。病理检查5例骨骼肌均有不同程度肌纤维变性、坏死、再生,不同程度炎性细胞浸润;免疫组化染色:5例患者抗dysferlin单克隆抗体均无表达,抗Dystrophy、Sarcoglycan、dystroglycan单克隆抗体均表达正常,抗CD8+T细胞单克隆抗体均无表达,抗组织相容性复合体(MHC)-1单克隆抗体表达均上调。结论肢带型肌营养不良2B型的临床特点是缓慢起病,进行性加重的四肢(或双下肢)肌萎缩、肌无力;其病理学特点与多发性肌炎的改变相似。     

炎症性肌病247例临床与病理研究

目的探讨多发性肌炎（PM）、间质性肌炎（IM）与神经肌炎（NM）的临床特点及神经肌肉活检的诊断价值。方法回顾分析247例炎症性肌病的临床表现及神经肌肉活检结果。结果3组临床表现相似,为近端肌无力、肌痛等;均有不同程度的肌酶增高,但PM组增高明显;IM和NM具有PM的病理改变,但炎性程度不及PM,又各有其特异性,IM组为炎性细胞浸润间质,NM组神经活检多有髓鞘脱失、炎性细胞浸润。结论PM、IM、NM炎性肌病的临床表现相似,诊断困难,需结合神经肌肉活检等辅助检查才能作出正确的诊断。     

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy; update]

Sixteen different forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) have emerged from recent molecular genetic studies, six forms with a dominant trait and ten forms with a recessive trait. Among 1,420 Japanese patients with muscular dystrophy analyzed at NCNP, LGMD is the secondly largest category (19%) following dystrophinopathy (56%). Within LGMDs, the occurrence of LGMD2A (calpainopathy), LGMD2B (dysferlinopathy), and LGMD2C-F (sarcoglycanopathy) is 26%, 18%, and 6.6%, respectively, however, causative genes have not been specified in about 50% of the LGMD patients. LGMD2A patients show atrophy prominent in shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles without calf muscle hypertrophy, and abundant lobulated fibers in muscle biopsy. Four major mutations unique to the Japanese population, have been identified. Pathogenesis attributes to a loss of proteolytic activity of mutant calpain-3. Dysferlin, the defective protein in LGMD2B, is a ferlin family molecule possessing six C2 domains probably mediating the resealing mechanism of the damaged sarcolemma. Mutations in the dysferlin gene result in Miyoshi distal myopathy and distal anterior compartment myopathy other than LGMD2B. Among four sarcoglyconopathies, LGMD2D is the most common form, whereas LGMD2F has not yet been reported. In sarcoglycan-deficient skeletal muscle, matrix metalloproteinases may be involved in the beta-dystroglycan processing which underlies the pathogenesis of sarcoglycanopathy.     

Myositis in mixed connective tissue disease: a unique syndrome characterized by immunohistopathologic elements of both polymyositis and dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the inflammatory cells, the expression pattern of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), membrane attack complex (C5b-9), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in muscle biopsy of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHOD: We studied 14 patients with MCTD, and compared to 8 polimyositis (PM) patients, 5 dermatomyositis (DM) and 4 dystrophies. Inflammatory cells were examined for CD4+, CD8+, memory and naive T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Expression of MHC-I and -II, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and C5b -9 were characterized on muscle fibers and vessels. RESULTS: Morphological analysis displayed a pattern of PM. Immunohistochemical study revealed a decreased number of capillaries, predominance of CD4+ and B cells in perivascular regions and predominance of CD8+ and CD45RO+ in endomysial regions. The expression of MHC-I on vessels and on degenerated muscle fibers, MHC-II expression on vessels and perifascicular muscle fibers, and the expression of ICAM-1 / VCAM-1 on endothelial cells indicated both vascular and cellular-immune mediated processes causing the muscular lesion. CONCLUSION:Our findings revealed a mixed mechanism in MCTD, both vascular involvement as DM, and cell-mediated like PM.     

Expression of the costimulatory molecule BB-1 and its receptors in patients with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome

We investigated expression of costimulatory molecules BB-1, B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and their counter-receptors CD28 and CTLA-4 (CD152) in muscle biopsy specimens of patients with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome (SSc-PM), primary polymyositis (PM), and other related diseases to examine whether the muscle fibers in patients with SSc-PM behave as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The major histocompatibility (MHC) class II-positive muscle fibers of SSc-PM patients reacted with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against BB-1 but not against B7-1 or B7-2. The CD4+ T cells expressed the counter-receptors CD28 and CTLA-4, and bound with the BB-1-positive muscle fibers in cell-to-cell contact. Our findings show that muscle fibers in patients with SSc-PM function as "professional" APCs in a way distinct from muscle fibers in patients with primary PM.     

Ezrin蛋白在肌病患者骨骼肌中的表达及意义

目的 研究Ezrin蛋白在肌病患者骨骼肌中的表达及意义.方法 取肌纤维再生活跃的假肥大型肌营养不良(DMD,9例)和多发性肌炎(PM,5例)患者的骨骼肌标本,冰冻连续切片,进行HE染色及抗-Ezrin、抗-神经细胞黏附分子(NCAM)单克隆抗体免疫组化染色,观察被检肌的病理改变和Ezrin蛋白的表达.结果 DMD、PM患者被检肌HE染色所见再生肌纤维直径较小、核位于中央、胞浆嗜碱性;NCAM染色再生肌纤维深染;再生肌纤维Ezrin呈阳性表达,伴随肌纤维成熟Ezrin表达逐渐减弱,成熟肌纤维无Ezrin表达;成肌细胞Ezrin呈阳性表达.结论 Ezrin蛋白与DMD、PM肌病患者骨骼肌纤维再生可能存在密切关系.