儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水的治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水患者行肿瘤切除术前对于脑积水的治疗是否影响术后脑积水的发生率,并分析术后脑积水发生的相关危险因素.方法 中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2003年1月至2009年12月行肿瘤切除术治疗后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水儿童患者63例,其中对术前脑积水行保守治疗43例,手术治疗20例.回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较术前脑积水保守治疗组和手术治疗组患者术后脑积水的发生率,Logistic回归分析患者的性别、发病年龄、术前Evans指数、肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤切除程度、肿瘤生长部位等因素是否与术后脑积水的发生有关.结果 术后出现脑积水患者22例,其中术前脑积水保守治疗组14例(14/43,32.6%),术前脑积水手术治疗组8例(8/20,40.0%),2组比较脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.564);Logistic 回归分析发现患者术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度与肿瘤切除术后脑积水的发生有关(P=0.029,p=0.036,P=0.038).结论 肿瘤切除术前脑积水的治疗并不能改变术后脑积水的发生率:术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度是肿瘤切除术后脑积水发生的危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore whether preoperative treatment of hydrocephalus could change the occurrence of postoperative hydrocephalus after tumor resection in children with posterior fossa tumor, and analyze the risk factors of postoperative hydrocephalus. Methods Sixty-three children with posterior fossa tumors accompanied with hydrocephalus, admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2009, were chosen; conservative treatment of preoperative hydrocephalus was performed in 43 patients and surgery was performed in the other 20 patients. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed and the occurrence of postoperative hydrocephalus in patients performed conservative treatment and tumor resection was compared. Gender, age, Evans index, location of the tumor, extent of the tumor resection, pathology of the tumor were analyzed as risk factors using logistic regression. Results Occurrence of hydrocephalus after tumor resection showed no statistical differences between patients accepted conservative treatment (14/43, 32.6%) and patients received surgical treatment ([8/20, 40.0%], P=0.564). Evans index, location of the tumor and extent of resection were related to hydrocephalus relapse after tumor resection(P=0.029, P=0.036, P=0.038). Conclusion Preoperative treatment of hydrocephalus could not change the occurrence of hydrocephalus after tumor resection. Evans index, location of the tumor and extent of tumor resection are all risk factors of postoperative hydrocephalus.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水的治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水患者行肿瘤切除术前对于脑积水的治疗是否影响术后脑积水的发生率,并分析术后脑积水发生的相关危险因素.方法 中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2003年1月至2009年12月行肿瘤切除术治疗后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水儿童患者63例,其中对术前脑积水行保守治疗43例,手术治疗20例.回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较术前脑积水保守治疗组和手术治疗组患者术后脑积水的发生率,Logistic回归分析患者的性别、发病年龄、术前Evans指数、肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤切除程度、肿瘤生长部位等因素是否与术后脑积水的发生有关.结果 术后出现脑积水患者22例,其中术前脑积水保守治疗组14例(14/43,32.6%),术前脑积水手术治疗组8例(8/20,40.0%),2组比较脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.564);Logistic 回归分析发现患者术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度与肿瘤切除术后脑积水的发生有关(P=0.029,p=0.036,P=0.038).结论 肿瘤切除术前脑积水的治疗并不能改变术后脑积水的发生率:术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度是肿瘤切除术后脑积水发生的危险因素.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤术前脑积水分流手术的体会

儿童后颅窝肿瘤的发病率明显高于成人,约占儿童期颅内肿瘤的53%。自2004年5月至2006年2月笔者对30例儿童后颅窝肿瘤伴重度梗阻性脑积水出现剧烈头痛、呕吐频繁、抽搐甚至意识障碍等高颅压症状的病例,肿瘤切除术前先行脑积水分流手术,取得了满意的临床疗效。     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤术前梗阻性脑积水的治疗

目的观察内镜第三脑室造瘘术(ETV)和脑室腹腔分流术(VPS)治疗后颅窝肿瘤梗阻性脑积水患儿的临床效果。方法选择我院2006—2012年80例脑积水中线后颅窝肿瘤(42髓母细胞瘤和室管膜瘤38)患儿,分为2组,A组(42例)行ETV,平均随访27.4个月,B组(38例)行VPS,平均随访25个月。结果 A组术中大出血发生2例(6.2%)和脑脊液漏1例(3.1%)。B组分流感染发生3例(9.4%),2例患者术后4.5个月脑室死亡。硬膜下积液发生3例(9.4%),硬膜外血肿1例(4.7%),1例(4.7%)上升脑疝。相比脑室腹腔分流术,由于手术时间短(15min vs.35min),并发症发病率较低(9.3%vs.38%),无死亡病例(0vs.4.7%),手术失败发生率较低(6.2%vs.38%)。结论 ETV可作为后颅窝肿瘤儿童患者伴明显梗阻性脑积水的治疗首选。     

神经内镜治疗后颅窝囊肿合并脑积水31例分析

目的 探讨神经内镜治疗后颅窝囊肿合并脑积水的诊治方法。 方法 回顾性分析南方医院神经外科自2004年4月至2010年8月收治的31例后颅窝扩大囊室合并脑积水患者资料,所有患者均经头颅CT和MRI证实。其中后颅窝真性蛛网膜囊肿19例,Dandy walker畸形5例,布莱克囊肿2例,肿瘤术后囊肿5例。依据不同手术方式分成内镜手术组(14例)、开颅显微镜手术组（9例）和分流手术组（8例）,根据术后患者临床症状改善情况、影像学表现和相关并发症发生情况判定疗效。 结果 3组患者术后早期临床症状均有所改善。术后随访6个月～6年,复查头颅MRI显示28例患者后颅窝囊肿及脑室系统较术前有不同程度的缩小,其中内镜组有效率和并发症发生率分别为92.9％和14.3％,显微镜组分别为88.9％和33.3％,分流手术组分别为75.0％和50.0％。 结论 神经内镜是治疗后颅窝囊肿合并脑积水的一种安全、有效术式,相对显微镜下开颅手术和分流手术而言,操作灵活,并发症少,预后好,值得临床进一步推广。     

后颅窝损伤的急性脑积水

本首次报告了应用计算机体层摄影(CT)检查后颅窝损伤的急性脑积水。经Funabashi市医疗中心治疗的1802例急性颅脑损伤伤员中53例(2．9％)为后颅窝损伤，其中12例(22．6％)伴急性脑积水；9例为急性硬膜外血肿，3例为小脑内血肿伴挫伤。伴脑积水的急性硬膜外血肿与幕上张力、厚度超过15mm的血肿及中脑池异     

后颅窝减压术治疗Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脑积水疗效的Meta分析

目的 评价后颅窝减压术（PFD）治疗合并脑积水的Chiari畸形Ⅰ型的有效性。方法 计算机检索EBSCO、PubMed、EmBase、OVID等英文数据库以及中国知网、维普、万方等中文数据库,检索从建库到2015年5月31日发表的文献。采用STATA 13.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入3篇文献,86例,PFD治疗83例;PFD术后好转率为82.3%（95% CI 74.2%~90.4%）;合并脑积水的Chiari畸形Ⅰ型中,女性占62.9%（95% CI 52.6%~73.1%）。结论 合并脑积水的Chiari畸形Ⅰ型中,女性占大多数;PFD治疗合并脑积水的Chiari 畸形Ⅰ型具有较高的有效率。     

婴幼儿后颅窝肿瘤手术治疗探讨

婴幼儿后颅窝肿瘤手术治疗探讨杨宏朱建坤梁建民王翦梁舜尧１９９３年１１月至１９９６年３月，我们对１２例婴幼儿后颅窝肿瘤手术，疗效良好，现介绍如下：临床资料本组男６例，女６例。年龄在１３个月～３８个月，平均２４．６个月。临床表现为呕吐８例，头痛８例，走路...     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤手术入路及骨瓣复位

目的：根据后颅窝肿瘤不同部位选择最佳手术入路。后颅窝开颅术改咬骨窗为开骨瓣。方法：蚓部肿瘤选择后颅窝正中入路。小脑半球肿瘤行正中钩形切口，肿瘤偏外选择外侧钩形切口。上蚓部肿瘤选择Ｐｏｐｐｅｎ入路。三种骨瓣：正中骨瓣、单侧骨瓣、单侧跨中线骨瓣。术毕骨瓣复位。结果：实施３８例儿童后颅窝肿瘤全切除术，髓母细胞瘤２３例，星形细胞瘤１０例，室管膜瘤３例，血管母细胞瘤１例，脑脓肿１例。无皮下积液发生，３例术后１０天内发烧。结论：后颅窝开骨瓣术、硬膜缝合、骨瓣复位符合解剖复位原则，术后并发症少，避免了因颅骨缺损造成的对儿童心理发育的不良影响     

Use of a ventriculosubgaleal shunt in the management of hydrocephalus in children with posterior fossa tumors

We present our experience with the use of ventriculosubgaleal shunting (VSGS) for the management of hydrocephalus associated with posterior fossa tumors in a consecutive series of 63 children. In 42 children, a temporary VSGS was inserted. There were no complications associated with the procedure, and it gave a period of several days in which to improve the general condition of the child, and to perform the necessary imaging studies, without an encumbering external drainage device. In most cases the VSGS could be removed after the posterior fossa surgery, without new general anesthesia. Other advantages and drawbacks of this technique are discussed.     

Inferior altitudinal hemianopia associated with a tumor in the posterior fossa: report of a case

Altitudinal hemianopias may be related to chiasmatic involvement. A case in which horizontal inferior hemianopia is associated with a tumor in the posterior fossa producing a triventricular hydrocephalus is described. The visual field defect is interpreted as a consequence of the pressure by a dilated third ventricle upon the chiasmatic area.

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Sommario Viene descritto un caso di emianopsia altitudinale bilaterale inferiore associata ad un tumore in fossa cranica posteriore che determina un idrocefalo triventricolare. L'inusuale difetto campimetrico viene interpretato come dovuto alla compressione esercitata sul chiasma da parte del terzo ventricolo dilatato.

     

Acquired torticollis as the only presenting symptom in children with posterior fossa tumors

Acquired torticollis is a symptom of an underlying disorder. It requires a thorough, meticulous search for the cause, because some of the problems associated with torticollis, such as posterior fossa tumor, can be life-threatening.     

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and pseudomeningocele formation after posterior fossa tumor resection in children: a retrospective analysis

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after posterior fossa tumor surgery and to analyze factors that may be associated with these conditions. In particular, we wished to determine if there was evidence to support the hypothesis that the use of tissue glue, dural grafts, or external ventricular drainage (EVD) prevented CSF from leaking outside the closed dura. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was carried out of posterior fossa tumor resections at British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital. Information was collected regarding tumor location, surgical approach, CSF diversion, dural grafting, and use of tissue glue. Multiple univariate analyses and step-wise logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with pseudomeningocele formation or CSF leak. A pseudomeningocele was said to be present if it was noted in the clinical records or if a fluid collection was present superficial to the craniotomy flap on a postoperative CT or MR scan. Results Out of 174 posterior fossa operations, 53 pseudomeningoceles with or without CSF leak were identified along with five CSF leaks in the absence of pseudomeningocele (33%). None of the factors examined reached statistical significance, although there was a trend towards higher rates in patients with external CSF drainage (P=0.06631), dural graft usage (p=0.06492), and patients in whom tissue glue was used (p=0.06181). On logistic regression, only tissue glue use and external CSF drainage were associated with increased incidence of pseudomeningocele and/or CSF leak. Conclusion In this retrospective study, the use of tissue glue, dural grafts, and external ventricular drainage was not associated with a reduced rate of clinically or radiologically diagnosed pseudomeningocele formation or postoperative CSF leak. The results of this study provide a basis for planning a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of tissue glue and/or dural grafting in preventing these complications. A commentary on this paper is available at .     

儿童后颅凹术后缄默综合征

目的探讨儿童后颅凹肿瘤手术后并发缄默综合征的临床特点和发病机理。方法回顾96例儿童后颅凹肿瘤手术,其中8例出现术后缄默综合症,分析其临床特点并结合文献对其发病机理进行讨论。结果8例术后缄默综合征均为大型小脑蚓部肿瘤,其中6例侵及四脑室底部;所有患儿均不同程度的伴有其他神经功能障碍;缄默出现时间0-2d,持续15-78d。结论儿童大型小脑蚓部肿瘤,易发生缄默综合征,该病常伴有多种其他神经功能缺失,常有一定潜伏期,具有自愈性。     

儿童创伤性颅后窝硬脑膜外血肿的治疗

目的总结儿童创伤性颅后窝硬脑膜外血肿(PFEDH)的临床特点和诊治经验。方法回顾性分析30例经手术和(或)影像学检查确诊的儿童创伤性PFEDH的临床资料,其中车祸伤18例,坠落伤9例,跌伤3例;均有枕部着力伤。GCS评分:8～10分3例,11～12分9例,13～14分18例。根据血肿量和病人情况,采用非手术治疗或手术治疗。结果非手术治疗6例,伤后3个月复查CT血肿均完全吸收,神经系统检查未见明显异常;手术治疗24例,术后所有病儿病情平稳好转,头痛症状逐渐消失,术后CT显示血肿基本清除。本组无手术相关并发症。出院时病儿按GOS预后分级均恢复良好。结论枕部着力伴局部颅骨骨折的病儿发生PFEDH的风险大,如能早期诊断并及时处理,儿童创伤性PFEDH可获得良好疗效。     

Tonsillar herniation and cervical syringomyelia in association with posterior fossa tumors in children: a case-based update

Background Posterior fossa tumors most commonly occur in children. They frequently present with raised intracranial pressure and may have tonsillar herniation. The symptomatology is predominantly directed towards the tumor. The occurrence of syringomyelia in such cases is most unusual. Symptomatic syringomyelia is rare.Case report We describe a case of a pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum in a 13-year-old girl who presented with clinical features of progressively worsening raised intracranial pressure and secondary tonsillar herniation and cervical syringomyelia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a large midline inhomogenously enhancing vermian tumor causing moderate obstructive hydrocephalus. In addition, the cerebellar tonsils herniated down to the C2 level, and there was a centrally located syrinx from C2–T1. The tumor was resected through a suboccipital craniectomy. At follow-up after 3 months, MR imaging demonstrated total resolution of tonsillar herniation and cervical syringomyelia.Conclusions The occurrence of tonsillar herniation and syringomyelia in association with a slow growing benign tumor like pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum is uncommon. The blockade of normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway at the foramen magnum is the crucial factor. Surgical extirpation of the tumor restores the normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation at the foramen magnum and produces an excellent outcome. The need for an additional surgical procedure for treatment of associated tonsillar herniation and syringomyelia can be avoided. Volumetric assessment of the posterior fossa may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of syringomyelia in such patients.