Repair of circular scar in the forearm by expanded double-pedicle Ω-shaped flap at the rear flank of bottom-waist

Objective To discuss the method for repairing the circular scar in the forearm.Methods Large expander (400-600 ml) were implanted subcutaneously at the rear flank of bottom-waist in the way of overlapping or continued expansion. After expansion was completed, the horizontal opened Ω-shaped flap was formed by advancement of expanded skin with the two pedicles at the two sides. Then the forearm was tunneled under flap with the wound covered by flap. The pedicles were cut off at the third stage. Results From April 1998 to June 2009, 8 cases were treated with no flap necrosis. The patients were followed up for1 to 3 years with good flap color and thickness. Flap sensory was partially recovered.Linear atrophic scar was left in the donor sites. Conclusions It is feasible to repair forearm circular scar by expanded double-pedicle Ω-shaped flap at the rear flank of bottom-waist.     

胸三角皮瓣预扩张后修复颈部瘢痕挛缩

目的 探讨胸三角皮瓣预扩张后,带蒂转移修复颈部瘢痕挛缩的治疗方法.方法 据颈部瘢痕范围,采用单侧(18例)或双侧胸三角皮瓣(2例)预扩张,成人选用600～800 ml扩张器,儿童选用200～450 ml扩张器.瘢痕面积:8 cm×5 cm～12 cm×13 cm.单侧胸三角皮瓣的面积最小9 cm×16 cm,最大12 cm×18 cm,供区均直接拉拢缝合.切口均选择在锁骨下,根据修复面积设计皮瓣,同时要兼顾断蒂时修复剩余瘢痕所需皮瓣的面积.皮瓣转移3周后行延迟术,4周断蒂修复剩余的颈部瘢痕.结果 2007至2009年采用扩张后胸三角皮瓣修复20例颈部瘢痕挛缩,仅1例皮瓣扩张不充分,但未影响手术效果,余皮瓣术后均成活,效果满意.6例6个月后复诊,1例患者切口瘢痕明显,5例效果良好.结论 扩张后胸三角皮瓣是修复颈部大面积瘢痕的较好方法.     

腹壁下动脉穿支分布特点及扩张穿支皮瓣临床应用

目的 探讨腹壁下动脉穿支的体表分布特点,及应用扩张后腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部、前臂大面积瘢痕的I临床效果.方法 随机选取20例健康成人,应用多普勒血流探测仪探测双侧腹壁下动脉穿支,分析其在体表分布规律.临床应用扩张后腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣治疗10例爪形手、前臂瘢痕挛缩畸形患者.结果 20例成人,探测范围包括脐上至剑突的下1/3区域、脐下至耻骨联合的上2/3区域,探测出穿支点共425个,其中80%的点位于腹正中线旁1.1～5.8 cm垂线之间.按照Rand分区法:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区穿支点所占百分比分别为26%、43%、30%.Ⅳ区穿支点罕见.近脐水平线穿支点较其他部位密集,左右两腹部穿支点排列不对称.临床应用10例,1例皮瓣远端出现血运障碍,经换药后愈合;余9例皮瓣全部成活良好.结论 应用扩张后腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣治疗手部大面积瘢痕,皮瓣切取面积大,较薄、不显臃肿,外观美观,是修复手部及前臂大面积瘢痕的一种较好的方法.     

扩张的锁骨上皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕

目的 探讨扩张的锁骨上皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕的治疗效果.方法 2010年10月至2013年11月,对16例面颈部瘢痕畸形患者,采用以颈横动脉锁骨上皮支为血管蒂的扩张锁骨上皮瓣修复.一期在前胸部埋置扩张器(400 ～600) ml,二期行瘢痕切除、松解及扩张皮瓣修复术,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合.结果 本组16例患者的皮瓣切取面积为12 cm×7 cm ～ 22 cm×11 cm,皮瓣均存活,仅1例患者出现血肿,经行血肿清除术后痊愈.术后经3 ～12个月的随访,皮瓣颜色和质地与受区周围正常皮肤一致,外观无臃肿、切口瘢痕增生不明显.结论 应用扩张的锁骨上皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕,外形及功能恢复良好,是一种理想的修复方法.     

扩张的侧后臀腰部双蒂Ω形皮瓣修复前臂环形瘢痕

目的 探讨前臂环形瘢痕的修复方法.方法 于侧后臀腰部重叠或延续埋置大容量(400～600 ml)扩张器,形成扩张皮肤后,推进缝合成上下开口的Ω形大皮瓣,再将前臂创面植入皮瓣内,三期断蒂.结果 1998年4月至2009年6月于临床应用8例,皮瓣全部成活,经1～3年随访,皮瓣不臃肿,颜色均匀一致,有感觉恢复,供瓣区留有略增宽的线形萎缩性瘢痕.结论 扩张的侧后臀腰部双蒂Ω形皮瓣是一种修复前臂环形瘢痕的较好方法.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the method for repairing the circular scar in the forearm.Methods Large expander (400-600 ml) were implanted subcutaneously at the rear flank of bottom-waist in the way of overlapping or continued expansion. After expansion was completed, the horizontal opened Ω-shaped flap was formed by advancement of expanded skin with the two pedicles at the two sides. Then the forearm was tunneled under flap with the wound covered by flap. The pedicles were cut off at the third stage. Results From April 1998 to June 2009, 8 cases were treated with no flap necrosis. The patients were followed up for1 to 3 years with good flap color and thickness. Flap sensory was partially recovered.Linear atrophic scar was left in the donor sites. Conclusions It is feasible to repair forearm circular scar by expanded double-pedicle Ω-shaped flap at the rear flank of bottom-waist.     

腹壁下动脉穿支分布特点及扩张穿支皮瓣临床应用

Objective To'explore the distribution of deep inferior epignstric perforator vessel and application of the expanded perforator flap for large sear on hand and forearm. Methods 20 healthy adults were selected to detect the distribution of deep inferior epignstrie perforator vessel. 10 cases with eieatricial constriction on hand and forearm were treated with expanded perforator flap. Results 425 perforator paints were detected on the skin surface of abdomen in 20 adults. 80% of the points are located within the area which is 1.1 ～5.8 cm far from the mid-line of abdomen. According to the Rand method, the percentage of the paints in zone Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were 26%, 43%, and 30%, respectively. There were few points in zone Ⅳ. The area around navel had a high density of points. The paints were distributed asymmetrically at the two sides of abdomen, 10 cases were treated. Vascular deficiency happened at the distal end of one flap. All the other 9 flaps survived. Conclusions The expanded deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is thin and has a large size. It is very suitable for large sear on forearm or hand.     

软组织扩张术治疗大面积头面部瘢痕

目的 探讨大面积头面部瘢痕的治疗方法.方法 头部采用1～3个扩张器行头部皮肤软组织扩张术.面部瘢痕均采用胸三角皮瓣预扩张后带蒂转移修复.结果 2003年至2007年,于临床应用12例,头胸部皮肤扩张充分.其中胸三角皮瓣预扩张的2例患者.扩张器自切口处外露,但未影响手术效果;3例因扩张过程中,注水过多,致妊娠纹形成.皮瓣转移后均无血运障碍成活良好,供区直接拉拢缝合,效果满意.结论 皮肤软组织扩张术是治疗大面积头面部瘢痕的较好方法.     

扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣在面颈部瘢痕修复中的研究及应用

目的 探讨一种将扩张皮瓣、穿支皮瓣与超薄皮瓣技术相结合的扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣,在面颈部广泛性瘢痕治疗中的效果.方法 一期术前应用多排螺旋CT(MDCT)、多普勒超声血流探测仪定位穿支血管的部位及走行,于真皮下血管网以下为分离层次埋置扩张器,二期以穿支血管为蒂,设计扩张超薄穿支皮瓣,修复面颈部大面积瘢痕畸形及皮肤缺损.结果2005至2013年对26例面颈部广泛性瘢痕患者以扩张超薄穿支皮瓣修复,包括颈肩背皮瓣9例、颈胸皮瓣5例、面颈部皮瓣12例,结果 仅1例皮瓣远端坏死,余25例皮瓣均成活良好.其中颈肩背跨区供血扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣的最大面积为35 cm×10 cm,蒂为8 cm×4 cm.术后随访6个月至3年,所见皮瓣厚度薄于一般扩张皮瓣,避免了二期皮瓣修薄,重建的面颈部轮廓结构分明,表情传递及五官功能良好.结论 扩张预制超薄穿支皮瓣在重塑局部轮廓、再现精细表情等方面呈现出明显的优势,对于面颈部广泛性瘢痕及大面积皮肤缺损修复是一种非常实用、安全的组织修复方法.     

皮肤软组织扩张术治疗瘢痕的应用

目的总结皮肤软组织扩张术治疗瘢痕的临床经验,以提高疗效.方法自2001年以来,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗多种病变造成的瘢痕患者12例,术中依据瘢痕情况设计埋置扩张器的大小、形状及埋置方式,Ⅱ期行皮瓣转移修复缺损区.结果所有患者的瘢痕全部修复,随访6个月至2年,疗效满意.结论应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗全身各处瘢痕,效果肯定.通过总结临床经验,有助于提高皮肤软组织扩张术的临床应用效果.     

皮肤软组织扩张术治疗瘢痕的应用

目的 总结皮肤软组织扩张术治疗瘢痕的临床经验，以提高疗效。方法 自2001年以来。应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗多种病变造成的瘢痕患者12例，术中依据瘢痕情况设计埋置扩张器的大小、形状及埋置方式，Ⅱ期行皮瓣转移修复缺损区。结果 所有患者的瘢痕全部修复，随访6个月至2年，疗效满意。结论 应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗全身各处瘢痕。效果肯定。通过总结临床经验，有助于提高皮肤软组织扩张术的临床应用效果。     

双蒂额部扩张皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的 探讨双蒂额部扩张皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果.方法 将扩张器埋置于额部额肌下,术后1周常规注水扩张.扩张完成后,根据颞浅动脉的走行设计双蒂皮瓣转移修复颈部创面.并对术前、后颈椎活动度和颏颈角进行测量,数据采用SPSS16.0统计学软件分析,并行t检验.结果 2006年9月至2010年5月,于临床应用7例,患者颈部主动活动度均得到不同程度改善,颈部前屈、后伸、左右侧屈及左右旋动度数均较术前增加,颏颈角术后测量为(90.7±2.2)°,较术前的(152.7±1.9)°明显改善,生理角度也得到恢复(P＜0.05).术后随访5个月至3年,患者对治疗效果表示满意,瘢痕挛缩均无复发.结论 扩张后额部皮瓣血运可靠,可以较好地修复颈部挛缩瘢痕,功能和外形均能获得较满意的恢复,而且能很好地保留供区的形态和功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of bi-pedicled frontal expanded flap for cervical cicatricial contracture. Methods Tissue expanders were implanted under frontal muscle. After expansion, the frontal flaps were designed based on bilateral superficial temporal vessels and were tranferred to the neck wound. The cervical spine movement and the mento-cervical angle was measured and analyzed by SPSS16. 0 and t test. Results From September 2006 to May 2010, 7 patients were treated by this method. The range of active cervical movement was improved in all direction. The mento-cervical angle decreased from ( 152. 7 ± 1.9 ) ° to ( 90. 7 ± 2. 2 ) ° after operation. The patients were followed up for 5months to 3 years with satisfactory result and no contracture recurrence. Conclusions The bi-pedicled expanded frontal flap has a reliable blood supply and is very suitable for cervical cicatricial contracture with good functional and esthetic results, leaving less morbidity at donor site.     

预扩张肩胛皮瓣游离移植整复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床疗效

目的探讨采用预扩张肩胛皮瓣游离移植整复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2010年2月—2020年8月, 空军军医大学第一附属医院收治17例(男9例、女8例, 年龄8～42岁)符合入选标准的颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者, 均于Ⅰ期行肩胛区域皮肤软组织扩张器(以下简称扩张器)置入术+Ⅱ期行预扩张肩胛皮瓣游离移植整复颈部瘢痕切除后创面。颈部瘢痕切除后的创面面积为12.0 cm×6.0 cm～30.0 cm×24.0 cm, 皮瓣切取面积为13.0 cm×7.5 cm～31.5 cm×25.0 cm。15例患者供区创面直接拉拢缝合, 2例患者供区创面移植腹部全厚皮片。Ⅱ期术后观察皮瓣存活情况。Ⅱ期术后6个月, 对出现切口瘢痕挛缩的2例患者行Z成形矫正术。Ⅱ期术后6～9个月, 对于体态偏胖或皮瓣近1/3处臃肿的5例患者行去脂修薄术。Ⅰ期术前及末次(Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期)术后6个月, 测量患者颏颈角和颌颈角, 以其角度值评价颈部瘢痕改善程度。随访时, 观察颈部运动功能, 受区皮瓣色泽、质地, 供区瘢痕情况[采用温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)进行评估]。对数据行配对样本t检验。结果Ⅱ期术后, 15...     

应用超量扩张术修复大面积面颈部瘢痕

目的：探讨延长扩张时间、增大扩张量的皮肤软组织扩张术的临床效果。方法：应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复面颈部瘢痕切除后创面25例,手术分两期进行,Ⅰ期手术：在需要修复的瘢痕组织临近的正常皮肤上设计埋置扩张器的大小、形状及埋置方式,扩张器容量为100～400ml,扩张时间为3～6个月,扩张量为额定容量的2～5倍;Ⅱ期手术：取出扩张器,切除瘢痕,利用扩张皮瓣转移修复创面。结果：全部病例均获得满意效果,随访3个月至10年,皮瓣平整,外观色泽、质地均佳。结论：延长扩张时间,增加扩张量可以产生更多的额外皮肤,修复大面积面颈部瘢痕效果良好。     

头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的:总结扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发的临床经验。方法:自2005年1月～2010年12月,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗因火焰烧伤、化学烧伤、撕脱伤愈合后遗留的大面积瘢痕性秃发,共18例。根据秃发及正常头皮的面积选择扩张器大小,将扩张器置入帽状腱膜下,放置引流管,3天后开始向扩张囊注液,注液总量据瘢痕秃发面积而定,一般修复1cm头皮,需要注水4.0～4.5ml。行扩张器取出、瘢痕秃发切除、头皮皮瓣转移术。结果:临床治疗18例大面积瘢痕性秃发病人,均取得满意效果。结论:皮肤软组织扩张术是修复大面积瘢痕性秃发的理想方法。     

头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的:总结扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发的临床经验。方法:自2005年1月～2010年12月,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗因火焰烧伤、化学烧伤、撕脱伤愈合后遗留的大面积瘢痕性秃发,共18例。根据秃发及正常头皮的面积选择扩张器大小,将扩张器置入帽状腱膜下,放置引流管,3天后开始向扩张囊注液,注液总量据瘢痕秃发面积而定,一般修复1cm头皮,需要注水4.0～4.5ml。行扩张器取出、瘢痕秃发切除、头皮皮瓣转移术。结果:临床治疗18例大面积瘢痕性秃发病人,均取得满意效果。结论:皮肤软组织扩张术是修复大面积瘢痕性秃发的理想方法。     

几丁糖对扩张后皮瓣纤维包膜影响的实验研究

目的 旨在阐明几丁糖干预纤维包膜形成的作用机制,为应用几丁糖解决临床上因纤维包膜挛缩,而导致组织扩张术后皮瓣利用率降低这一难题提供理论依据. 方法 制作应用几丁糖干预的埋植扩张器动物模型及其常规对照模型各15个,取材计算带纤维包膜皮瓣回缩率后,分别制作HE染色、Masson染色、CD34免疫组化染色切片进行相关观察;并随机选取每组各15个视野应用显微标尺测量纤维包膜厚度,了解两组之间的差异性;同时将标本固定后送电镜观察. 结果 几丁糖干预组纤维包膜厚度516.000±128.491 μm,对照组83μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组毛细血管数量平均每视野8.200±2.150个,对照组平均每视野7.900±1.729个,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);透射电镜观察,实验组:成纤维细胞内粗面内质网扩张成池状,数量明显减少,脱颗粒现象明显,线粒体部分或大部分嵴融合或消失,偶见正常高尔基氏体,未见或偶见微丝结构,游离核糖体数量减少;对照组:成纤维细胞内可见扩张的粗面内质网,少见脱颗粒现象,线粒体嵴基本完整,可见许多明显的微丝结构,核糖体数量未见明显减少. 结论 几丁糖通过抑制成纤维细胞分泌胶原、延迟成纤维细胞分化为纤维细胞过程、抑制成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞转化等作用,有效地减轻了扩张后皮瓣的收缩率;同时由于其不影响随扩张皮瓣面积增大而出现的毛细血管增生和扩张,所以不影响纤维包膜增加扩张后皮瓣血运的作用.     

皮肤软组织扩张术在儿童复杂瘢痕治疗中的应用

目的：总结皮肤软组织扩张技术治疗儿童复杂瘢痕过程中的经验,以指导临床工作。方法：应用扩张器分Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期扩张皮肤软组织,以旋转、推进、轴型或岛状皮瓣方式转移扩张皮瓣,治疗复杂性瘢痕患儿22例共25处。结果：共埋置扩张器113个,一次修复最大面积20cm×18cm。扩张器感染外露4个,扩张器漏水3个,注射壶翻转3个。在扩张成功的109个皮瓣中,除2个皮瓣尖端局部坏死外,其余皮瓣均全部成活,修复后形态自然,效果满意。结论：结合儿童特点,在充分做好术前设计、提高手术技巧的前提下,皮肤软组织扩张术是修复儿童复杂瘢痕的理想选择。     

几丁糖对扩张后皮瓣纤维包膜影响的实验研究

Objective To investigate the effect of chitosan on the capsule inside the expanded flap. Methods The expanders were implanted in animals with the treatment of chitosan(experimental group, n=15) or without(control group, n=15). After taking out the expanders, the flap contraction rate was calculated. The samples were observed through HE, Masson dyeing and CD34 immunohistochemical study. The thickness of capsule inside the expanded flap was measured under microscope. The samples were also studied under electron microscope. Results The thickness of capsule was 516.000±128.491 μm in the experimental group, and 833.000±227.379 μm in the control group(P < 0.05). The number of microvessels was 8.200±2.150 per visual in experimental group, and 7.900±1.729 per visual in control group(P > 0.05). Under the electron microscope, the rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) in the capsule in experimental group decreased and enlarged with degranulation. The mitochondria emerged or disappeared. The number of ribosome was reduced. In the control group, the PER enlarged without degranulation, the mitochondria was intact. The number of ribosome was not reduced. Conclusions The chitosan can effectively reduce the contraction of expanded flap through collagen secretion of fibroblast, delaying the differentiation from fibroblast to fiber cell, inhibiting thansform from fibroblast to myofibroblast. It has no effect on the microvascular generation and expansion, so the flap blood supply will not be affected with thicker capsule.     

带双侧颞浅动静脉额支筋膜蒂的额部轴型扩张皮瓣修复下颌部瘢痕

目的 了解带双侧颞浅动、静脉额支筋膜蒂的额部轴型扩张皮瓣(下称额部双蒂轴型扩张皮瓣)修复下颌部瘢痕的可行性. 方法 2005年7月-2009年12月,笔者对南京军区福州总医院第一附属医院烧伤整形科收治的16例下颌部瘢痕患者,采用额部双蒂轴型扩张皮瓣进行修复.手术分3期进行:术前应用超声多普勒血流探测仪探测出颞浅动、静脉及其额、顶分支的位置和走行方向.Ⅰ期手术时,以颞浅动、静脉为蒂,在额肌下进行剥离,形成容纳扩张器的皮肤软组织腔隙,置人适当大小的扩张器.注水扩张结束后进行Ⅱ期手术,取出扩张器,切取额部双蒂轴型扩张皮瓣修复下颌部瘢痕,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合.Ⅲ期手术为皮瓣断蒂、蒂部修整及瘢痕修复术. 结果本组患者轴型皮瓣面积25 cm×6 cm～33 cm×16 cm,扩张时间3～5个月,平均3.6个月,其中10例联合应用颈部皮肤扩张术治疗,皮瓣均成活,伤口愈合.1例患者Ⅱ期手术后出现皮瓣远端部分回流障碍,经予解痉、促皮瓣静脉回流等综合处理后康复.供区创面愈合,发际无瘢痕性脱发,毛发生长正常.3例女性患者中,2例皮瓣未携带前发际处毛发;另1例下颌部术区携带前发际少量毛发,其与要求作络腮胡塑形的2例男性患者于出院1～3个月后行激光脱毛处理,效果较好.其他男性患者对术区须发不作特殊处理或自行用剃须刀塑形.16例患者均获6～24个月随访,皮瓣及胡须(女性患者除外)外形美观,无臃肿,色泽、质地较好,颈部活动功能明显改善. 结论 额部双蒂轴型扩张皮瓣除可促进皮瓣的新生血管化、提供更大面积的薄型皮瓣外,剩余扩张皮肤可以直接缝合于发际缘,不需植皮,降低了供瓣区继发畸形的发生率.皮瓣携带部分毛发经旋转后可直接进行胡须重建,使男性患者外形更加美观.     

扩张的胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣联合血管增压在面颈部瘢痕整复中的临床应用

目的:总结扩张的胸廓内动脉穿支（IMAP）皮瓣联合血管增压在面颈部瘢痕整复中的临床应用经验。方法:采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2012年9月—2021年5月,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治23例符合入选标准的烧创伤后面颈部瘢痕患者,其中男18例、女5例,年龄11~58岁,均采用扩张的IMAP皮瓣整复。Ⅰ期根据瘢痕...