Impact of human leukocyte antigen matching and recipients′ panel reactive antibodies on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients

Background Renal transplantation in sensitized candidates remains a highly significant challenge worldwide. The production of panel reactive antibody （PRA） against human leukocyte antigen （HLA） is a major risk factor in presensitized recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HLA matching and recipients＇ PRA on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients.
Methods We determined the percentage of panel reactivity and specificity of anti-HLA immunoglobulin （Ig） G antibodies in 73 presensitized renal allograft recipients compared with 81 unsensitized recipients （control group）. HLA genotyping of both recipients and corresponding donors was performed by PCR with sequence-specific primers （PCR-SSP）. We analyzed the factors influencing the early graft outcome （two-year rejection rates and survival rates of the grafts）, including HLA mismatching, class and degree of panel reactivity, and target antigen of donors.
Results Presensitized recipients had a worse two-year outcome than unsensitized recipients （P=0.019 for rejection rate, P=0.01 for survival rate）. The difference in number of HLA-mismatched alleles with either 6-antigen matching （Ag M） standard or amino acid residue matching （Res M） standard was not significant between the rejection and non-rejection groups of presensitized recipients or between the graft survival group and graft loss group. Compared with the control group, recipients with both PRA-I and PRA-II antibodies had a significantly worse two-year outcome （P=0.001 for rejection rate, P=0.002 for survival rate）. The two-year outcomes of the peak PRA 〉50% group and its subgroup, at-transplant PRA 〉50% group, were significantly worse compared with the control group （P=0.025 and P=0.001 for rejection rate, P=0.043 and P=0.024 for survival rate）. The rejection rates of the at-transplant target antigen positive group and its subgroup, HLA-I target antigen positive group, were significantly higher than the control group （P=0.001 and P=-0.001）, target antigen negative group （P=0.003 and P=0.001）, and peak target antigen positive with negative at-transplant target antigen group （P=0.024 and ,0=-0.002）. Two-year graft survival rates of the target antigen positive group and HLA-I target antigen positive group were significantly lower than the control group （P=0.012 and ,P=0.001）. The two-year outcome of target antigen unknown group was similar to that of the target antigen positive group. Presensitized recipients with pre-transplant plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption （PRA prepared group） had a better but non-significant two-year outcome than the control group. However, the PRA unprepared presensitized recipients were different to the control group （P=-0.004 for rejection rate and P=-0.005 for survival rate）. Hyperacute rejection （HR） occurred in three recipients with positive HLA-I target antigen and without mismatch according to Res M and in one case with positive PRA-II （for an unknown target antigen）. No HR occurred in eight cases with positive HLA-II target antigens.
Conclusions Pre-transplant PRA preparations might improve the access of presensitized patients to renal donors. Avoiding antigen-positive donors remains a fundamental measure in preventing HR and early rejections.     

肾移植致敏受者的配型研究及应用

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)配型在肾移植致敏受者中的应用及意义。方法:对32例PRA阳性的肾移植受者采用HLA交叉反应组(CREGs)配型原则选择供者,观察其供受者相配情况及移植效果。结果:按交叉反应组配型原则,供受者HLACREGS+DR0,1,2和3错配(MM)分别为8例(25％)、10例(31.25％)、12例(37.5％)和2例(6.25％),无4～6错配;而按传统的HLA-A,B,DR抗原配型原则,其0,1,2,3和4MM分别为2例(6.25％)、3例(9.38％)、10例(31.25％)、9例(28.12％)和8例(25％),其中0～1错配仅有5例。肾移植术后仅有9例发生急性排斥反应,经OKT_3治疗逆转,所有受者术后肾功能均恢复正常。结论:良好的HLA CREGs配型,可以显著提高供受者相配率,对减少致敏受者的排斥反应,提高移植肾存活率具有重要的意义。     

Role of human leucocyte antigens matching in renal transplantation

Matching human leucocyte antigens between donors and recipients of solid organ transplantation is essential for short and long term graft survival. Some physicians believe that human leucocyte antigens matching is not essential in renal transplantation. The beneficial effects of human leucocyte antigens-B antigen matching are seen if graft is functioning at least 2 years or more and benefits of human leucocyte antigens-A antigen matching seen if graft is functioning at least for 3 years or more. The one year graft survival rate in first transplant (UNOS registry, USA) being 95% in human leucocyte antigens identical donor, 91% in one haplomatched living related donor and 81% in cadaver related donor. Due to poor techniques to identify the antigens, even six antigen-matched kidneys are rejected. The other reasons with six antigens matching being immunological reaction to non-human leucocyte antigens and non-immunological factors. Kidneys from unrelated donor like spouse with 5 or 6 antigen mismatch (0 to 1 antigen match only) have graft survival approximately equivalent to three-antigen match (haplomatch) family donor. With ischaemia, there is up regulation of antigens on the endothelial surface and predispose to post-transplant rejection. The beneficial effect of maternal graft survival over paternal graft survival suggests prior antigen exposure similar to blood transfusion may help to develop some degree of tolerance.     

标准HLA配型与氨基酸残基配型在再次肾移植中的应用

 【目的】探讨人类白细胞抗原（HLA）配型（Ag M）和氨基酸残基配型（Res M）标准在再次肾移植受者中的应用。【方法】回顾性分析HLA配型、Res M及基因水平HLA-DR相容对78例再次肾移植患者早期肾功能、早期排斥反应及人/肾存活率的影响。【结果】应用Res M标准,0MM受者由AgM组2.6%提高到ResM组14.1%（P=0.0027）,0～1MM组受者由Ag M组15.4%提高到ResM组52.6%（P〈0.001）;残基相配组与残基错配组相比,DR相配组与DR错配组相比：早期移植肾功能恢复快、早期排斥反应发生率显著减少,1、3年移植肾存活率明显提高（P〈0.05）。【结论】HLA-Res M可大幅度增加供受者的相配概率,显著降低术后早期排斥反应发生率,适合在再次肾移植患者中应用。基因水平HLA-DR相容对再次肾移植术后早期排斥反应和存活率具有重要影响。     

良好的HLA配型可改善PRA高敏受者的移植效果

报告5例淋巴细胞群体反应抗体（PRA）为48％～76％，采用理想的HLA配型，供受者间HLA－A、B、DR位点在3～5个抗原相合情况下进行移植，术后3例发生急性排斥反应，经用甲基强的松龙及OKT3冲击治疗后排斥逆转。5例全部成功，术后均获得随访，人／肾存活9个月～2年4例，3年半1例。讨论了PRA高敏感对移植物的影响，良好的HLA配型对移植效果的影响。     

亲属肾移植患者术后肾功能与HLA配型和PRA相关性研究

目的研究活体亲属肾移植受者人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)配合率、群体反应性抗体(panelreactive antibody,PRA)的产生和肾功能变化对移植肾存活的影响。方法将336例活体亲属肾移植患者分为5组:①父母给子女供肾组(118例)。②子女给父母供肾组(12例)。③兄弟姐妹间供肾组(107例)。④其他亲属供肾组(92例)。⑤夫妻间供肾组(7例)。进行HLA供受者配合率分析,并于肾移植术后1-4年追踪肾功能变化和PRA产生的情况。HLA分型检测采用美国One lanmbda公司提供的HLA-PCR-SSP分型试剂盒。PRA采用美国莱姆德公司和美国GTI公司提供的酶联免疫吸附试剂盒检测。结果第1组的118例肾移植供受者HLA-A、B、DR、DQ抗原单体型半相合,其中有22例抗原配合率高于单体型半相合。肾移植术后有36例患者出现肾功能下降,其中8例为PRA阳性。第2组的12例肾移植供受者HLA-A、B、DR、DQ抗原单体型半相合,其中有7例HLA抗原配合率高于单体型半相合。肾移植术后1例患者肾功能下降,且为再次肾移植患者。第3组的107例兄弟姐妹间HLA-A、B、DR、DQ配型完全相配合有18例,73例为单体型半相合或大于单体型半相合,其余为低于单体型半相合或不相合。肾移植术后中有13例患者肾功能下降,其中3例PRA阳性。第4组的92例其他亲属移植的供受者间HLA-A、B、DR、DQ等于或大于单体型半相合的有24例,完全不相合的有9例,虽然HLA抗原配合率大于4个抗原,但并不是单体型半相合抗原的有8例,等于或小于3个抗原配合的有51例。肾移植术后有11例患者肾功能下降,其中6例患者PRA阳性。第5组的7例夫妻间肾移植患者,HLA配合率均≤3个抗原。肾移植术后有2例患者肾功能下降,且为PRA阳性。结论父母、子女及兄弟姊妹等直系亲属肾移植供受者中HLA配合率高于其他亲属间移植供受者,但兄弟姊妹间HLA配型完全相同的则较低。HLA配型与近期移植肾存活无关,而与供者的年龄有关。良好的HLA配型与肾移植术后PRA生成的概率低有关。     

HLA氨基酸残基配型模式在肾移植中的研究

目的探讨HLA氨基酸残基配型模式在肾移植配型中的应用价值.方法分析771例肾移植患者HLA分型和HLA氨基酸残基配型模式配型情况.结果 HLA-A、B、DR抗原0MM分别为6 47%、1 97%、3 94%,2MM为39 66%、65 26%、58.37%;而Res M-A、B、DR 0MM分别为30.80%、17.30%、14 35%,2MM错配为11 50%、29 25%、36 90%.根据HLA-A、B、DR6个抗原和Res M 6个抗原的比较,HLA-0MM、1MM、2MM、3MM、4MM、5MM、6MM分别为0.14%、0.56%、4.21%、15.89%、25 18%、34 60%、19 41%;而根据HAL-Res M配型则分别为1 97%、8 30%、20 96%、30 94%、22 08%、12 94%、2 81%.结论 HLA氨基酸残基配型模式是一种新的选择肾移植供-受者的配型的方法.     

HLA氨基酸残基配型标准在肾移植中的应用

目的 评价HLA氨基酸残基配型新标准在肾移植中的应用。方法 应用血清学和基因分型方法对134例肾移植供受者进行HLA-Ⅰ，Ⅱ类抗原分型，并比较氨基酸残基配型标准与传统的HLA六抗原无错配标准的关系。结果 HLOA氨基酸残基配型标准可以提高肾移植供受者的相配率，六抗原无错配率可由0.75%提高到2.24%，六抗原安全错配的几率由15.67%降至2.24%。结论 HLA氨基酸残基配型标准是一种更为实用的同种异体移植配型策略。     

亲属活体供肾移植14例分析

目的总结14例亲属肾移植的经验,探讨活体供肾的临床效果。方法13例为血缘亲属供肾,1例为非血缘亲属供肾,血型相同,淋巴毒试验阴性,4例HLA配型中,全配1例,单配体相同3例。4例取供者右肾,10例取供者左肾,13例经开放手术取肾,1例经腹腔镜取肾。术后采用环孢素、霉酚酸酯或硫唑嘌呤及泼尼松预防排斥反应。结果供者术后1周出院,随访1个月-1年肾功能正常。受者14例中13例至今存活,肾功能良好,1例肾失功。术后发生急性排斥反应1例,经抗淋巴细胞球蛋白冲击治疗逆转。2例发生肾功延迟恢复,分别于1周及3周肾功能恢复正常,其余12例术后3天肾功能正常,无外科并发症。结论亲属活体供肾移植组织配型好,缺血时间短,排斥反应发生率低,免疫抑制剂用量少。     

Role of Molecular Typing in Live Related Donor Renal Transplantation

In renal transplantation, a good HLA-DR match is associated with higher success rate of graft outcome. It is particularly so In high risk recipients. Serological HLA-DR typing is not always easy due to a number of technical problems. In view of this, a comparison of serological and molecular typing was done in our institutions. A total of 64 live related donor patients of renal transplantation were studied. Serological typing was done by conventional methods. Molecular HLA class II typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) hybridization technique. An overall discrepancy of 19.5% was observed in the DR typing obtained by serology and PCR-SSOP of all the recipients and donors. 14.5% of cases showed discrepancy in the results of only one DR antigen. Serological typing failure was seen in 10.9% of total cases. In 19.5% cases, only one DR antigen was assigned by PCR-SSOP as compared to two antigens by serological methods. Maximum number of discrepancies were seen in DR 2 antigens. There was no appreciable difference of graft survival shown in the patients typed by both methods. However, higher incidence of acute graft rejection episodes were seen in patients with 1 antigen mismatch as compared to zero mismatch. It is concluded that HLA-DR typing should be carried out by molecular methods as these have been found to be more specific and accurate.Key Words: HLA-DR, Molecular typing     

KIR及苴HLA配体与肾移植急性排斥反应的关系

目的 探讨供受者对杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)及其人类白细胞抗原(HLA)配体所介导信号传导通路在肾移植受者术后发生急性排斥反应(AR)中可能的作用.方法 回顾性分析53对肾移植供受者对HLA和KIR基因型,受者按照术后肾功能状态分为急性排斥组(n=19)和肾功能稳定组(n=34),探讨供者HLA、受者KIR基因型以及受者KIR/供者HLA配体组合型与肾移植急性排斥反应发生的相关性.结果 供者HLA、受者KIR基因表现型频率在急排组和稳定组的分布:供者HLA基因型HLA-CI/2、HLA-A3、HLA-A11、HLA-Bw4在两组间分布无显著统计学差异(P>0.05).受者KIR2DL2/2DS2在急排组表达低于稳定组(26.3% vs 55.9%,P=0.038),受者KIR基因组合型AA类型在急排组表达低于稳定组(31.6% vs 67.6%,P=0.011).供者HLA-Cw、受者KIR基因组合型术后急性排斥反应发生率:供者HLA-C1/C1类型低于非HLA-C1/C1类型(31.6% vs 46.7%,P>0.05).受者KIR基因组合型AA类型低于非AA类型(20.7% vs 52.2%.P=0.011).受者KIR/供者HLA配体组合型匹配情况:肾功能稳定组中KIR2DL2/HLA-C1和KIR2DL2/HLA-C1信号匹配率较急性排斥组高(P=0.030,P=0.028).结论特定的KIR/HLA配体组合型(如KIR2DL2/HLA-C1、KIR2DL2/HLA-C1)可以降低肾移植术后急性排斥反应的发生率.良好的供者HLA和受者KIR配型选择有利于同种异体肾移植的预后.     

PRA配型技术在致敏受者肾移植术中的应用研究

目的 探讨群体反应性抗体(PRA)配型技术在致敏受者肾移植中的临床效果.方法 应用抗原板(LAT),采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肾移植受者术前的PRA;采用PRA配型技术进行术前配型.结果 12例致敏受者组采用PRA配型技术,肾移植术后肾功能恢复正常,无1例发生超急性排斥反应,术后1个月内急性排斥反应的发生率为25%;同期43例非致敏受者组,术后1个月内急性排斥反应的发生率为18.6%,虽较致敏受者组低,但两组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 PRA配型技术对减少致敏受者肾移植排斥反应,提高移植物存活率具有重要意义.     

慢性移植肾病初期外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞变化及意义

摘要：目的研究慢性移植肾病(CAN)发生初期外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T(TREG)细胞变化及意义。方法对25例初发CAN的
受者外周血CD4+CD25+high/CD4+T 比率及Foxp3表达进行了检测,同时与使用同一抗排斥治疗方案、移植肾功能正常的30例受
者、以及未行肾移植的慢性肾功能不全尿毒症期的20例和正常人20例进行比较,研究了CAN发生初期TREG细胞的变化。结
果CAN发生初期的受者,CD4+CD25+Thigh/CD4+比率为0.71±0.33,Foxp3表达率为62.75±10.80;移植肾功正常者,两指标分别为
1.17±0.25及70.42±6.87,移植肾病组两指标均明显低于移植肾功能正常组（P<0.01）。无论移植肾功能正常与否,移植受者的
CD4+CD25+high/CD4+比率和Foxp3表达率均较未行移植尿毒症患者(1.53±0.35及77.86±7.09)及正常人(1.65±0.28及81.35±2.39)
明显降低（P<0.01）,而正常人及未移植尿毒症患者两指标无明显差别。结论与移植肾功能正常者相比,CAN发生初期患者外
周血中CD4+CD25+high/CD4+ 比率及Foxp3表达率均明显降低,且与肌酐增高无关,提示TREG在CAN的发生中具有一定意义。
     

群体反应性抗体技术及HLA配型在1700例肾移植中的应用研究

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in renal transplantation. METHODS: PRA screening and HLA typing were performed in 1 700 patients eligible for the first group of renal transplantation who had 3 to 6 HLA matches in HLA-A, B and DR with the donor, and in cases positive for PRA, plasma exchange was conducted. Another 423 patients who did not receive PRA screening or HLA typing constituted the second group. The changes of immune variables, incidences of acute rejection and the effect of HLA-A, B, DR matching on long-term graft survival were observed. RESULTS: In 1 700 cases of group 1, post-transplantation CsA dose was reduced to 5 to 7 mg*kg(-1)*d(-1) and the graft function recovery time ranged from 2 to 16 d, averaging 5 d. Acute graft rejection occurred in 252 (14.8%) cases, but no hyper-acute rejection was observed. The 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 98.6%/96.7%, 93.1%/87.3% and 88.1%/83.6% respectively. In group 2, CsA dose ranged from 8 to 12 mg*kg(-1)*d(-1) and the graft function recovery time was 4 to 30 d, averaging 13 d. Hyper-acute rejection occurred in 9 (2.1%) and acute rejection in 198 (46.8%) cases, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year patient/graft survival rates were 86.7%/76.3%, 72.5%/67.9% and 69.5%/59.3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Negative PRA and good HLA matching can eliminate the incidences of hyper-acute rejection, decrease the rate of acute rejection and improve both patient and graft survival rates.     

Rituximab induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients

Background  The number of highly sensitized patients is rising, and sensitization can lead to renal transplant failure. The present study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of renal transplantation following induction therapy with rituximab in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

Methods  Seven highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients who underwent rituximab therapy from December 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 38.5 years (range, 21–47 years). The duration of hemodialysis was 3–12 months, with a mean duration of 11 months. For 4 patients, this was the second transplant; the previous graft survival time was 2–11 years, with a mean survival time of 5.8 years. All the female recipients had history of multiple pregnancies, and all patients had previously received blood transfusions. All donors were men, with a mean age of 32.5 years (range, 25–37 years). In 2 of the 7 patients, both class I and class II of panel reactive antibody were high; the remaining 5 patients showed either high in class I or in class II of panel reactive antibody. The mean panel reactive antibody value was 31% for class I and 51% for class II respectively. The donors and the recipients had the same blood type, with low lymphocyte cytotoxicity ranging from 2% to 5%. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch numbers were from 2 to 4. All patients received tacrolimus (0.1 mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1) and mycophenolate mofetil (750 mg twice per day) orally 3 days prior to surgery. All patients received a single dose of 600 mg rituximab (375 mg/m²) infusion on the day before surgery and polyclonal antibody (antithymocyte globulin) on the day of surgery. Postoperative creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, and occurrence of rejection by pathological biopsy confirmation were monitored.

Results  No patient had delayed graft function after surgery. Two patients had acute rejection, one on day 7 and the other on day 13 post-surgery. Diagnosis of acute rejections was based on the clinical assessments and pathological biopsy results. According to the Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology, one of the patients was Ia and the other was IIa; the C4d staining was negative in both patients. One patient received methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide and the other received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy, both leading to successful reversion of the acute rejection. All patients were discharged postoperatively and all had normal renal function during the 7th to 12th month follow-up. Pulmonary infection occurred in 1 patient 4 months after surgery and was successfully cured.

Conclusion  Rituximab induction therapy can reduce the occurrence of postoperative humoral rejection in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients, suggesting that kidney transplantation may be safe and effective for these patients.

     

肾移植中随机HLA配型的研究

为了解随机ＨＬＡ 配型的供 受者配合率的多寡,为器官移植的广泛开展提供一些基础性资料,对３３６ 例肾移植供 受者随机的ＨＬＡ Ａ、Ｂ 和ＤＲ 抗原配型做了分析。ＨＬＡ６ 个抗原完全错配率为２４ ．４０ ％ （８２／３３６） ,５ 个抗原错配率为３３ ．３３ ％ （１１２／３３６） ,４ 个抗原错配率为２７ ．６８ ％ （９３／３３６） ,３ 个抗原错配率为１１ ．９１ ％ （４０／３３６） ,２ 个抗原错配率为２ ．６８ ％ （９／３３６） ,１ 个抗原错配率和０ 个抗原错配率为０ 。随机ＨＬＡ Ａ、Ｂ 和ＤＲ１ 个抗原配合的在ＨＬＡ Ａ 抗原为４９ ．７ ％ （１６７／３３６） ,Ｂ 抗原为２７ ．７ ％ （９３／３３６） ,ＤＲ 抗原为３１ ．８ ％ （１０７／３３６） 。２ 个抗原配合的在Ａ 抗原为４ ．７６ ％ （１６／３３６） ,Ｂ 抗原为２ ．０８ ％ （７／３３６） ,ＤＲ 抗原为３ ．２７ ％ （１１／３３６） 。提示：完全配合的ＨＬＡ 抗原和５ 个ＨＬＡ 抗原配合的几率极低。在随机肾移植供 受者中,ＨＬＡ 抗原Ａ、Ｂ 和ＤＲ 抗原位点的２ 个等位基因完全配合的几率很低。     

Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances in patients with allergic asthma

Background  Recent recognition is that Th2 response is insufficient to fully explain the aetiology of asthma. Other CD4⁺ T cells subsets might play a role in asthma. We investigated the relative abundance and activities of Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in patients with allergic asthma.

Methods  Twenty-two patients with mild asthma, 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. All patients were allergic to house dust mites. Plasma total IgE, pulmonary function and Asthma Control Questionnaire were assessed. The proportions of peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines in plasma and in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by enzyme linked, immunosorbent assay.

Results  The frequency of blood Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased in all patients with allergic asthma. The frequency of Th17 cells and the plasma and culture supernatant levels of IL-17 were increased, whereas the frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells and plasma IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE levels were positively correlated with the percentage of blood Th2 cells and plasma IL-4 levels. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was negatively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. However, mean Asthma Control Questionnaire scores were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and negatively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells.

Conclusions  Imbalances in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg were found in patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, elevated Th17 cell responses, the absence of Tregs and an imbalance in Th17/Treg levels were associated with moderate to severe asthma. 

     

人白细胞抗原-氨基酸残基配型标准与免疫反应性研究

目的 提出汉族人人白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）＿氨基酸残基配型标准，评价其免疫反应性和致敏性。方法 采用基因分型技术，分析大样本ＨＬＡ怕频率分布，提出适合于汉族人的Ⅰ类１０个组、Ⅱ类７个组共１７个组新的ＲｅｓＭ标准。前瞻性应用于首次尸肾移植１６３例。通过混合淋巴细胞培养（ＭＬＣ）、培养上清细胞因子、外周血免疫活性细胞和抗ＨＬＡ－ＩｇＧ抗体检测，并与六抗原配型标准比较，研究接受ＲｅｓＭ标准的免疫反应性和致敏     

A retrospective comparison of the efficacy and safety in kidney transplant recipients with basiliximab and anti-thymocyte globulin

Background  Induction therapy are utilized to achieve an adequate immunosuppression at the time of transplantation. The use of basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for induction therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes post-transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the basiliximab in patients with immuno-induction therapy after kidney transplantation with the ATG.

Methods  A retrospective analysis was carried out in kidney transplant recipients including 146 patients with the basiliximab and 116 cases with the ATG and the acute rejection, graft function, infective complications and 1-year and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival after renal transplantation were compared between the two treatment groups.

Results  There were no statistically significant difference between groups regarding age, sex, cold ischemic time, warm ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching type between the donor and recipient, lymphotoxin test and the use of immunosuppressive agents. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the acute rejection (9.59% vs. 8.62%, P=0.481) and delayed graft function (10.27% vs. 9.48%, P=0.501) between groups. There were significantly lower lung infection incidence (5.48% vs. 12.93%, P=0.029) in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 98%, 97% for the basiliximab-treated group, and 95%, 73% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Five-year patient and graft survival rates were 92%, 86% for the basiliximab-treated group and 93%, 72% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Log rank test showed statistically significant difference with P=0.038 for patients and P=0.033 for grafts, respectively. There were significantly lower the incidence of granulocytopenia (8.22% vs. 17.24%, P=0.022) and thrombocytopenia (4.11% vs. 19.83%, P=0.000) after transplantation in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the heart dysfunction after transplantation between the two groups (6.16% vs. 6.90%, P=0.502).

Conclusion  The immuno-induction therapy with the basiliximab in kidney transplant recipients is efficient and safe with less complication compared with the ATG.

     

群体反应性抗体与HLA分型技术在肾移植上的联合应用

目的 总结群体反应性抗体（PRA）与HLA分型在肾移植联合应用上的意义。方法 PRA应用ELISA方法,HLA－Ⅰ、ⅡAg应用单克隆抗体分型技术,对20例肾移植病人手术前的PRA和HLA分型结果进行分析。结果受者PRA20％以下者12例,其余8例为20％－50％,供受者HLA－A、B、DR完全符合交叉反应组（CREG）为13例。其中A、B、DR分别有一相同抗原的为6例。术后11例发生急性排斥,经冲击治疗9例逆转,2例肾脏摘除91例PRA为20％,1例PRA为40％）。18例肾功能恢复。结论 PRA与HLA配型联合应用,可提高肾移植效果。