澳门幼儿乳牙龋病及龋病活跃性的分析研究

目的：了解澳门地区幼儿乳牙患龋状况及其龋病活跃性,并作两者间关系分析,填补该地区资料的空白。方法：对澳门生活环境、经济条件等有较大差异的两所幼儿园2～4岁930名幼儿作龋蚀程度检查和记录;其中910名幼儿并作龋病活跃性检测SCAT,依据牙菌斑产酸能力强度分度。统计分析患龋率,龋均dft、龋蚀严重度指数CSI和SCAT。结果：①2～4岁930名幼儿乳牙患龋率为42.5%、dft1.93、CSI6.35,性别间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。②患龋率、dft、CSI在年龄组间均有显著性差异。③两幼儿园间,患龋率、dft、CSI均有明显差异。④910名幼儿SCAT0度和1度占68.68%,2度和3度占31.32%。⑤两幼儿园间SCAT各度的分布有明显差异。⑥SCAT各度间,患龋率、dft、CSI均有明显差异,dft、CSI与SCAT相关性有显著意义。结论：①澳门幼儿患龋状况不容忽视。应抓紧低年龄幼儿的龋病防治工作。②儿童所处的不同生活条件可影响患龋状况,普及科普知识、维护口腔卫生、开展定期防治等的推广尤有必要。③SCAT能反映患龋状况的敏感度,在筛选幼儿龋病高危群体、有的放矢开展龋病防治计划工作中,既能节省人力、财力、又能提高效率。     

上海市区学龄前儿童龋活跃性的研究-SCAT法两年追踪观察

目的探讨学龄前儿童机体龋病活跃性与患龋状况的关系,分析SCAT（Shanghai Caries Activity Test,SCAT）反映龋病现状的稳定性及预测龋病进展状况的能力。方法以上海市区六所幼儿园372名（男172名,女200名）3岁儿童为对象,连续三年进行口腔检查和龋蚀活跃性检测（SCAT法）,记录患龋率、龋补牙数（decayed＆filled teeth,dft）、龋蚀严重指数（caries severity index,CSI）和SCAT度数。结果①统计资料表明随年龄增加该组幼儿患龋状况有增加的趋势;②SCAT各度的构成及患龋状况在男女间无统计学差异;③等级相关表明SCAT各度与dft、CSI高度相关,SCAT首次检测结果与两年后dft、CSI、新增dft、CSI亦高度相关。结论SCAT检测法在真实反映机体之患龋现状,准确预测龋齿的发展方面有一定的可信性和稳定性,能反映机体的龋活跃性,且方法简便价格低廉适于推广应用。     

幼儿期唾液中变形链球菌数与患龋状况关系的研究——同所幼儿园5年追踪观察

目的：探讨幼儿期唾液中S.mutans菌数情况,分析其与乳牙患龋状况的关系。方法：以同所幼儿园3～5岁幼儿（累计854名）为对象,连续5年作乳牙龋病检查,用Dentocult SM作唾液中S.mutans菌数检测,统计分析Dentocult SM各度的患龋状况及两者间的相关关系。结果：5年间854名幼儿患龋率为58.90%,dft为3.00±3.70,CSI为10.05±13.99,男女性别间无差异,患龋状况在各年间无差异,854名幼儿Dentocult SM0度之人数占36.8%,1度占24.5%,2度占27.9%,3度占10.9%。Dentocult SM各度间患龋率、dft、CSI均有明显差异。Dentocult SM分度与dft、CSI之相关性有统计学意义。DentocultSM检测法一致度74.63%,敏感度79.02%。结论：幼儿患龋状况仍很严峻,幼儿期唾液中S.mutans菌数与患龋状况有相关性,DentocnltSM是一种简便而有效的龋病活跃性检测方法。     

免费龋齿充填干预对上海嘉定区学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的影响

目的:为上海市嘉定区儿童口腔预防工作提供基线资料,明确嘉定区儿童中浅度龋齿免费充填活动的效果.方法:使用整体抽样方法,对2所经济条件、生活环境相似的幼儿园中的918名儿童连续观察3 a.一所幼儿园连续3年免费充填中、浅度龋齿,一所幼儿园作为对照.采用SPSS20.0软件包对数据进行r检验.结果:基线时2所幼儿园患龋率、龋均(dft)、龋蚀严重度指数(CSI)均无显著差异.经过3年干预,2组幼儿园儿童患龋率、dft、CSI均有显著差异.经过3年干预,干预组幼儿患龋率(43.90％)、dft(2.86)、CSI(7.34)均显著低于对照组(64.08％、3.51、10.17).结论:免费充填干预提高了儿童龋病充填率,降低了患龋率、龋均、CSI,早期抑制了龋病的发展.     

幼儿腭粘膜细胞钙离子浓度和龋病关系的研究

目的①测定无龋组、龋病低危组和龋病高危组幼儿腭粘膜细胞内钙离子的荧光强度;②分析细胞内钙离子荧光强度和患龋状况的关系。对象:50名4～5岁幼儿按患龋状况分为三组,无龋组22例(dft=0且CSI=0)、龋病低危组12例(00.05);④不同年龄间,钙离子荧光强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);⑤有龋组幼儿腭粘膜细胞内钙离子荧光强度与dft、dfs、CSI均无相关关系(rdft=-0.132,P>0.05;rdfs=-0.041,P>0.05;rCSI=-0.088,P>0.05)。结论4～5岁幼儿腭粘膜细胞内钙离子荧光强度与患龋状况之间有一定的关系。     

北京市海淀区3岁儿童龋病患病状况及龋病活跃性检测的研究

目的 通过了解北京市2所大学附属幼教机构学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况、龋病活跃性,了解儿童患龋情况与龋病活跃性之间的关系,探讨龋病活跃性检测筛查龋易感儿童及反映龋活跃性检测试剂的灵敏性和特异性,评价其对患龋预测的有效性和可行性.方法 对3岁年龄组儿童进行连续1年的口腔检查和龋活跃性检测,分析儿童患龋情况的变化与龋病活跃性之间的关系.结果 3岁儿童的患龋率为44.80%,龋均dft为2.04,龋面均dfs为2.79,儿童龋活跃性检测结果的各个分值与儿童患龋程度呈高度正相关关系(P<0.001).1年后随访,龋高危组儿童的新龋发生率显著高于龋低危组,经统计学检验其差异具有显著性意义(P<0.001).Cariostat法进行龋活跃性检测的敏感度可达95.1%,特异度达50.2%.结论 龋活跃性检测能够准确的反映儿童龋患现状,预测儿童患龋的趋势,为儿童制定个性化的预防保健计划.     

CRT(R)bacteria检测龋病活跃性的研究

目的:探讨CRTbacteria反映龋病活跃性的能力及与患龋现状的相关性。方法:以86名3～5岁的幼儿为研究对象,进行口腔检查,记录龋补牙数(df)t和龋严重度指数(CSI)。龋病活跃性检测采用CRTbacteria标准化试剂盒(同时半定量检测变形链球菌和乳杆菌),记录等级分值(CRT值),并对CRT值与dft及CSI进行相关性分析。结果:CRTbacteria检测结果与dft及CSI呈高度正相关性。结论:CRTbacteria操作简单、使用方便,能较真实反映临床患龋现状,对龋病防治措施的制定有一定的指导作用。     

乳牙菌斑钙含量与患龋状况关系的研究

目的:分析乳牙集合菌斑中钙含量与儿童患龋状况的关系,为龋病预防研究提供基础资料。方法:应用原子吸收分光光度仪测定53例不同患龋状况的儿童集合菌斑中钙含量值。统计分析集合菌斑中钙含量值与龋病易感性的关系。结果:集合菌斑钙含量为(0.931±0.384)mg/g,菌斑钙含量无龋组、有龋组间差异有高度显著性P<0.01;无龋组、低危组、高危组间差异有显著性P<0.05,菌斑钙含量无龋组高于低危组,低危组高于高危组;有龋组集合菌斑中钙含量与龋补牙数(dft),龋补牙面数(dfs),龋蚀指数(CSI)具有负相关性。结论:集合菌斑中总钙含量与龋患程度具有一定的相关性,可为预测龋病易感性提供参考。     

龋活跃性检测与龋病现状及发展的相关性研究——Dentocult SM、Dentocult LB试验应用评价

目的探讨Dentocult SM、Dentocult LB龋活跃性试验在反映龋病现状及预测龋病发展方面的有效性、可靠性及可行性。方法以91名3岁的幼儿为研究对象，均行口腔检查，并计算龋、补牙数（decay ＆ filling teeth，dft）和龋严重度指数（caries severity index，CSI）；龋活跃性检测采用Dentocult SM、Dentocult LB龋活跃性试验（记录等级分值）。2年后复查dft和CSI。结果Dentocult SM各等级之dft及CSI在同期及2年后差异均有统计学意义；且各等级与dft及CSI在同期及2年后均呈高度正相关。Dentocult LB各等级之dft及CSI在同期及2年后差异亦有统计学意义；且各等级与dft及CSI在同期及2年后亦呈正相关。结论Dentocult SM能真实反映龋病的现状，较准确地预测现有龋病的进展和新龋的发生。Dentocult LB在反映龋病现状方面准确度不及Dentocult SM；但在预测现有龋病的进展方面可信度较高，有一定的临床应用价值。     

乳牙菌斑液磷酸根浓度及其与患龋状况关系的分析

目的 :探讨乳牙菌斑液中磷酸根浓度与儿童患龋状况的关系 ,为乳牙菌斑液及龋病的研究提供基础资料。方法 :对 46名 3～ 5岁儿童 ,用离子色谱仪测定集合菌斑液的磷酸根浓度 ,并检查其患龋状况 ,统计分析乳牙菌斑液磷酸根浓度与儿童患龋状况之间的关系。结果 :乳牙菌斑液磷酸根浓度在无龋组为 (12 .63± 2 .91)mmol/L、有龋组为 (13 .85± 3 .2 8)mmol/L、其中龋病高危组为 (14 .62± 3 .47)mmol/L ,无龋组与有龋组之间无显著性差异 ,无龋组与龋病高危组之间无显著性差异。乳牙菌斑液磷酸根浓度与dft、dfs、和CSI无相关性。结论 :乳牙集合菌斑液磷酸根浓度与儿童患龋状况无关 ,菌斑液中单一成分不能反映菌斑的致龋能力。     

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??Objective    Through the analysis of epidemic situation of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in Baotou city??to discuss the relationship between caries situation and the degree of dental caries activity. Methods    Totally 379 children??male 196??female 183??were selected in 5 kindergartens for dental caries examination with random choice. The dental caries rate??decayed or filled teeth??dft??and caries severity index??CSI??were calculated. Caries activity??CAT?? was measured by caries activity test. Results    The caries rates??dental filling teeth??dft??and caries severity index??CSI??respectively were 56.20%??3.82 and 10.11 in 3-5 years old children in Baotou city. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female??P > 0.05??. The incidence of caries??dft and CSI had no statistically significant difference in all age groups??P < 0.05??. There was no difference in dft and CSI when CAT were at the degree from 0 to 1and from 2 to 3 when each two groups were compared??P > 0.05??. Others had statistically significant difference??P < 0.05??. CAT was positively correlated with dft and CSI at each degree??r = 0.394 and 0.363??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    Caries activity test can reflect the degree of decay effectively and accurately. It is important to screen for high-risk caries patients in children. Reasonable prevention and treatment measures should be developed in response to the caries situation in school-aged children in Baotou city??in order to lay a solid foundation for preventing caries in children.     

Oral health-related quality of life and caries experience of Hong Kong preschool children

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and caries experience of Hong Kong preschool children. Methods: Parents or primary caregivers of Hong Kong preschool children were invited to complete a self-administered dental health questionnaire. The study children were examined in their classrooms. The decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (dmft) index was used for documenting the caries status. The questionnaire included the Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and collected sociodemographic information on the parents and children. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between OHRQoL and caries experience of preschool children. Results: A total of 434 preschool children were invited to participate in the study; 336 (77.4%) received a dental examination and returned a parental questionnaire. The mean (SD) age of the study children was 4.7 (0.3) years. An OHRQoL impact (ECOHIS score of >0) for at least one item was reported by 236 (70.2%) parents/caregivers of the children included in the study. The overall mean (SD) ECOHIS score was 5.8 (6.2). A caries prevalence (dmft > 0) of 36.9% and a mean (SD) dmft score of 1.7 (3.2) were calculated for the study children. In the final logistic regression model, children with a higher dmft score had a significantly higher chance of having a poorer OHRQoL (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.35, P = 0.002), whereas children’s sex, parent’s education levels and the respondent’s relationship to the child were not associated with OHRQoL (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Caries experience is associated with lower OHRQoL of Hong Kong preschool children.Key words: Child, dental caries, early childhood caries, oral health, quality of life     

Caries activity test in Mongolian and Japanese children

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between a caries activity test (CAT21 Test), and caries status. The subjects of this study were 419 preschool children, of Okayama City, Japan and, of Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. In all, subjects were examined for dental caries using a mouth mirror and probe. Then buccal plaque samples were obtained, incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, and scored as per the manufacturer's instructions for the Cariostat method. The following results were obtained:

• 1.The caries prevalence and mean deft of the two subjects was 55.0% and 3.2 for Japanese, so 92.4% and 6.6 for Mongolians, respectively.
• 2.Results of the CAT21 Test score distribution are as follows: 14% of the Japanese, 7.6% of the Mongolians had a CAT score of 0 (very low risk), 38% of the Japanese, 12.4% of the Mongolians had a 1.0 (low risk), 16.3% of the Japanese, 17.9% of the Mongolians had a 2.0 (middle risk), 25.5% of the Japanese, 36.6% of the Mongolians had a 3.0 (high risk), and 6.2% of the Japanese, 25.5% of the Mongolians had a 4.0 (very high risk) score.
• 3.There was a statistically significant difference in the CAT21 Test scores and dental caries indices of Japanese and Mongolian preschool children (ANOVA P< 0.01, P< 0.001).

From these results, it was suggested that the CAT21 Test is useful in clinical application     

The relationship between the salivary buffer capacity test (CAT21 Buf Test) results and caries status in Mongolian preschool children

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between results of a salivary buffer test (CAT21 Buf Test) and caries status in 507 preschool children, who were 4–6 years old in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. The prevalence of caries in the preschool children was 96.1%, and the mean deft and d teeth were 8.1 and 7.2, respectively. The mean CAT21 Buf Test score was 53.3% for low risk (high buffer capacity) and 46.7% for high risk (low buffer capacity). When salivary buffer score was divided into two groups (high risk, low risk), mean deft differed a significantly between the two groups (ANOVA P < 0.001). The high risk group had a mean deft higher than that of the low risk group. These results suggest that the CAT21 Buf Test is useful for clinical application in children. Furthermore, when the CAT21 Buf Test score was higher, a higher correlation was shown with caries status.     

Associations between caries activity,salivary buffer tests and caries increment in Mongolian children

The aim of the study was to evaluate caries increment in combination with a caries activity test (CAT21 Test) and a salivary buffer test (CAT21 Buf Test)—to predict future caries activity in Mongolian preschool children living in Ulaanbaatar City. The effectiveness of combining both tests and deft (decayed, extracted, filled teeth) means was also investigated. The caries prevalence in subjects was 94%, and deft mean value was 6.8. The caries increment after one year was 2.3 teeth. From the distribution of CAT21 Test scores a low risk was found in 38.6% and high risk in 61.4% of the examined children. From the CAT21 Buf Test scores, the high risk (lower buffer capacity) was found in 79.8% of the examined children. When the combination CAT21 Test and CAT21 Buf Test scores were divided into four groups (low-low/lowhigh/ high-low/high-high), the mean def-teeth showed a significant difference among the four groups (ANOVA P < 0.001). One year after the caries increment was evaluated in combination with the CAT21 Test scores and CAT21 Buf Test scores, the low-low risk group showed the lowest mean def-teeth. On the other hand, the high-high risk group showed the highest mean def-tooth (ANOVA P < 0.05). Based on these results, the CAT21 Test and CAT21 Buf Test are useful for clinical application of preschool children in predicting future caries activity. Furthermore, when the CAT21 Test and the CAT21 Buf Test were combined, a higher correlation was shown with the caries status.     

重庆市学龄前儿童乳牙龋状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨重庆市3~5岁学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况及相关影响因素,为学龄前儿童龋病的预防和干预提供相关资料。方法 参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,对重庆市4个区学龄前儿童进行抽样调查,同时对家长进行问卷调查。利用Epidata 3.1和SPSS 21.0软件进行结果录入和统计学分析。结果 共计1 350名学龄前儿童纳入调查分析,口腔检查相关数据显示乳牙龋好发牙位是上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙,乳牙患龋率为51.4%（694/1 350）,龋均为2.34,各年龄组间患龋率和龋均差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,且二者随着年龄增长而上升（P<0.05）。除5岁组男、女龋均有统计学差异外（P<0.05）,其余患龋率和龋均在不同性别间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。61.7%龋坏集中在36.1%个体口腔中。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料（包括碳酸饮料等）摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评对乳牙患龋有重要影响（P<0.05）。结论 重庆地区3~5岁儿童超过半数患龋,多数龋齿集中发生在少数患儿口内。乳牙患龋与年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料（包括碳酸饮料等）摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评有关。     

Family characteristics and caries experience in preschool children. A longitudinal study from pregnancy to 5 years of age

Wigen TI, Espelid I, Skaare AB, Wang NJ. Family characteristics and caries experience in preschool children. A longitudinal study from pregnancy to 5 years of age. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 311–317. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore associations between family status, family income, family size, mother’s age at child birth, mother’s education and parents’ national background and caries experience in 5‐year‐old children. Method: This study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Public Dental Services. A total of 1348 children were followed from pregnancy to the age of 5 years. Questionnaires were completed by mothers twice during pregnancy and when the children were 3 and 5 years of age. Clinical and radiographic examination of the children was performed at the age of 5 years. Results: Caries experience in the 5‐year‐old children was low; 89% had no caries experience (d_3–5 mft = 0). In multiple logistic regression having one or both parents of non‐western origin (OR 3.4, CI 1.6–7.3), having had a change in family status from pregnancy to 5 years of age (OR 2.0, CI 1.1–3.4) and having mother with low education (OR 1.9, CI 1.3–2.8) were statistically significant risk indicators for having caries experience at the age of five. Conclusion: Family characteristics in pregnancy and early life were associated with caries experience in 5‐year‐old children. Primary care personnel meeting young children with one or several of these characteristics should consider referring the child to dental personnel to enable early initiation of health‐promoting activities.     

沈阳市5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童乳牙龋病流行病学调查分析

目的了解沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况,为龋病防治提供科学依据。方法按照第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对沈阳市53所幼儿园的5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查,对患龋率和龋均等指标做调查统计,结果采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行分析,包括t检验、单因素方差分析和χ2检验。结果学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为71.29%和3.88,龋面均为5.56;随着年龄的增长,患龋率、龋均和龋面均逐渐增加,各年龄组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);上颌牙患龋率显著高于下颌牙(P<0.01)。龋齿主要为浅龋,咬合面和邻面龋占绝大多数。龋齿充填构成比为10.82%,随着年龄的增长,龋齿充填构成比逐渐增加。结论沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率较高,充填率较低,应加强对学龄前儿童龋病的早期防治。     

两种正畸酸蚀粘接法对儿童致龋活跃性的影响

目的:通过比较传统酸蚀后粘接与自酸蚀粘接正畸固定矫治器后龋活跃性的变化,了解矫治过程中不同酸蚀粘接法与龋活跃性的关系及其诱龋活跃性的差异.方法:随机选择30例11～14岁正畸儿童,安装方丝弓固定矫正器,左侧上下牙列采用传统酸蚀粘接法,右侧牙列采用自酸蚀粘接法,通过CAT龋病活跃性检测法比较正畸前及正畸后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月的龋病活跃性度数.结果:矫治前龋活跃性度数与矫治后3个月和6个月具有显著性差异(p＜0.05);与矫治后1周和1个月无显著性差异(p＞0.05).结论:两种粘接法致龋活跃性明显不同,传统法致龋活跃性高于自酸蚀法.