CT 诊断外伤性迟发性脑内血肿75例

外伤性迟发性脑内血肿是指伤后首次CT检查未发现血肿区 ,再次复查CT发现的血肿。 1992～2 0 0 1年 ,我院收治经CT证实的外伤性迟发性脑内血肿 75例 ,现对其CT表现、临床特点、出血时间与预后进行分析。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 75例中 ,男 5 9例 ,女 16例 ;年龄15～ 5 8岁 ,平均 38岁。均有外伤史 ,其中车祸伤 5 2例 ,重物砸伤 13例 ,摔伤 10例。伤后有头痛、恶心、呕吐、意识不清短暂昏迷 11例 ;头皮下血肿 6 0例1 2　CT扫描方法　首次CT检查均在伤后 2 0min～ 2 0h ,其中 2h内 5 6例 ,2～ 2 0h 19例 ,均未见脑内血肿征象。复查时…     

外伤性迟发性脑内血肿的早期CT征象

随着CT的广泛普及应用和院前急救的发展,CT发现迟发性脑内血肿病例越来越多,重视其早期CT表现,不但能提高影像工作人员对本病的认识,更能为临床及时实施有效的诊疗提供帮助。笔者搜集我院2000年2月～2009年4月住院患者中经CT复查证实的31例外伤性迟发性脑内血肿病例,回顾性分析其首次CT异常征象,评价这些早期征象对外伤性迟发性脑内血肿的预期诊断意义．以利早期诊断治疗。     

外伤性迟发性脑血肿的CT诊断

外伤性脑血肿是神经外科的常见病,其中外伤后迟发性脑血肿较为少见,如不及时做出诊断,采用适当的治疗方法,予后多不良。本院在58378例CT扫描中发现9例,均系首次CT检查未见脑血肿,隔时再次复查时发现有脑血肿存在。本文对此9例外伤性迟发性脑血肿加以分析,初步探讨本病的发病机理及应用CT的诊断价值。     

迟发性外伤性颞叶脑内血肿的早期诊治

目的总结迟发性外伤性颞叶脑内血肿的早期诊治经验,以提高疗效.方法对本组首次CT检查无血肿者,严密观察,及时CT复查,对血肿量≥25ml伴脑干周围池受压变窄者,积极手术治疗,其余行保守治疗.结果本组16例中,手术治疗9例,保守治疗7例.恢复良好11例,中残2例,重残2例,死亡1例,总死亡率6.25%.结论迟发性外伤性颞叶脑内血肿的救治关键在于早诊早治,早期手术者多预后良好.     

迟发性外伤性脑内血肿的诊治

迟发性外伤性脑内血肿(DTICH)是指头部外伤后首次头颅CT检查未发现血肿，经过一段时间后重复CT扫描发现血肿，或手术、尸检发现脑内血肿，或首次头颅CT检查证实有血肿的脑内其他部位又出现血肿者，均称为迟发性脑内血肿，其死亡率为25％～50％。降低其死亡率和致残率的关键在于早期诊治。     

外伤性迟发性脑血肿的CT诊断

外伤性脑血肿是神经外科的常见病，其中外伤后迟发性脑血肿较为少见，本院在41．000例CT扫描中发现7例，均系首次CT检查未见脑血肿，隔时再次复查时发现有脑血肿存在，本文对此7例加以分析，初步探讨本院的发病机理及应用CT的诊断价值。     

迟发性颅内血肿的CT检查

目的:分析迟发性颅内血肿的临床表现、CT复查指征及预后。对象与方法:36例颅脑外伤后临床症状进行性加重的迟发性颅内血肿患者均经CT复查,并与第1次CT检查所见比较。结果:经CT复查发现36例颅内血肿,其中,脑内血肿16例(19个病灶),硬膜下血肿7例(伴蛛网膜下腔出血1例),硬膜外血肿9例,以及混合性血肿4例。结论:当颅脑外伤病人临床症状进行性加重时,择期进行CT复查可以发现第1次CT检查未发现的颅内血肿。     

外伤性脑内血肿扩大与血肿形态不规则度的研究

目的　研究脑外伤后血肿扩大的发生率和时程及血肿形态不规则度(irregularrate,IR)与血肿扩大的关系。　方法　对164例外伤性幕上脑内血肿患者于发病72, 120h内分别行颅脑CT扫描,比较两次血肿体积(V1 和V2 )变化情况,并分析血肿形态不规则度与血肿扩大(V2-V1 )的关系。　结果　脑外伤后有70例( 42. 7% )确认有血肿扩大,根据受试者工作特征曲线(receiveroperatingcharacteristiccurves, ROC)分析得出外伤性脑内血肿扩大的CT扫描标准是血肿增大≥1. 45倍。经相关分析,血肿形态的不规则度与血肿扩大量(V2 -V1 )显著正相关(r=0. 857,P<0. 01)。　结论　脑外伤后血肿扩大的发生率较高,可根据血肿形态不规则度判断血肿扩大的可能性,以便及时复查CT,并采取积极的治疗措施。     

外伤性迟发性脑内血肿CT诊断

外伤性迟发性脑内血肿是指头部外伤后，首次CT检查未发现血肿，经过一段时间后再次检查始出现脑内血肿者，或于清除颅内血肿的短时间内不同部位出现血肿者，多见于年龄较大的颅脑外伤病人。本文对使用CT以来发现的5例加以分析，初步探讨该病的发病机理及应用CT的诊断价值。     

脑损伤不典型表现的CT诊断

目的　总结不典型脑损伤的CT表现。方法　搜集 1996～ 2 0 0 2年CT检查脑外伤 14 5 2 0例 ,对关心区采取减薄扫描或HRCT检查。诊断迟发和不典型脑损伤 5 3例。首诊未发现异常或考虑为其他病变 ,随诊复查确诊为脑损伤改变。结果　 17例脑挫伤中点状高密度灶 9例 ,片状低密度灶 8例。 3 6例迟发性脑损伤中脑肿胀 9例 ,轴索损伤 7例 ,散在小血肿 5例 ,迟发硬膜下血肿 15例。结论　CT诊断脑外伤有重要价值 ,但对不典型表现应高度警惕 ,随诊复查尤其对老年外伤者意义重大     

Computer tomography as the primary radiologic procedure in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

CT was performed in 149 patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and clinical findings consistent with an aneurysm rupture, and was found informative in most cases when performed within one week after the hemorrhage. CT disclosed in 29 per cent of cases other causes for the hemorrhage than a ruptured aneurysm (intracerebral hemorrhage, tumor, trauma, infarct) and an extensive angiographic evaluation could be omitted. In those patients where the hemorrhage was caused by an aneurysm rupture, the distribution of extravasated blood in the subarachnoid space and the brain parenchyma usually indicated the aneurysm location--angiography could thus be restricted to the proper vessel. These capabilities of CT are sufficient to economically motivate its routine use as the primary investigation in cases with an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

Comparison of non-sedated brain MRI and CT for the detection of acute traumatic injury in children 6 years of age or less

CT is considered the first-line study for acute intracranial injury in children because of its availability, detection of acute hemorrhage, and lack of sedation. An MRI study with rapidly acquired sequences can obviate the need for sedation and radiation. We compared the detection rate of rapid non-sedated brain MRI to CT for traumatic head injury in young children. We reviewed a series of children 6 years of age or less who presented to our ED during a 5-year period with head trauma and received a non-sedated brain MRI and CT within 24 h of injury. Most MRI studies were limited to triplane T2 and susceptibility sequences. Two neuroradiologists reviewed the MRIs and CTs and assessed the following findings: fracture, epidural hematoma (EDH)/subdural hematoma (SDH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and parenchymal injury. Thirty of 33 patients had radiologically identified traumatic injuries. There was an overall agreement of 82 % between the two modalities. Skull fracture was the only injury subtype which had a statistically significant difference in detection between CT and MRI (p?=?0.0001), with MRI missing 14 of 21 fractures detected on CT. While not statistically significant, MRI had a higher detection rate of EDH/SDH (p?=?0.34), SAH (p?=?0.07), and parenchymal injuries (p?=?0.50). Non-sedated MRI has similar detection rates to CT for intracranial injury in young children presenting with acute head trauma and may be an alternative to CT in select patients.     

急性颅脑创伤后进展性颅内出血发生的

目的 分析急性颅脑创伤后进展性颅内出血(progressive intracranial hemorrhage,PIH)发生的危险因素及临床意义.方法 通过比较颅脑创伤患者连续头颅CT扫描的表现,确定是否发生PIH.分析PIH与非PIH患者在年龄、性别、受伤机制、入院时GCS、受伤至首次CT检查时间、首次CT检查表现、伤后早期血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)、凝血酶时间(TT)、血小板(PLT)、D-二聚体(D-D)的含量等方面的差异,并采用Logistic回归分析PIH发生的危险因素.结果 共纳入498例患者,其中139例(27.9%)发生PIH.116例(83.5%)PIH在伤后2 h内行CT扫描.PIH组与非PIH组在年龄、入院时GCS、受伤至首次CT扫描时间、伤后首次CT表现为骨折、蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)、挫裂伤、初发血肿、血浆PT、Fg、D-D含量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Logistic多元回归分析显示,PIH组与非PIH组在伤后CT表现为SAH、挫裂伤、初发血肿以及D-D与PIH的发生密切相关(P＜0.01).结论 对于受伤后早期(2 h内)即行首次头颅CT检查的患者,如果首次CT表现为SAH、挫裂伤、初发血肿合并D-D含量升高,应进行更早的连续CT扫描以期早期发现PIH.     

Nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: CT/angiographic correlation

Cerebral angiography in patients with nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage may or may not uncover the underlying cause of the disorder. The CT and cerebral angiographic studies of 67 consecutive patients with nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage were reviewed to assess the relationship between CT pattern and location of hemorrhage and the frequency of diagnostic angiographic findings. Origins of these hematomas were also determined and correlated with radiographic findings. CT revealed 26 temporal, 18 frontal, 17 parietal, three occipital, and three multiple lobar hematomas. Thirty-three patients had "pure" lobar hematomas, 12 had coexistent intraventricular hemorrhage, 12 had associated subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 10 had both intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage accompanying their lobar hematomas. Angiographic findings were diagnostic in 29 cases (43%). In the presence of accompanying subarachnoid hemorrhage, angiographic findings were diagnostic in 17 (77%) of 22 patients; in its absence, angiography was diagnostic in 12 (27%) of the remaining 45 patients. Diagnostic angiograms were also more frequent in the presence of a frontal or temporal lobar hematoma than with a parietal or occipital lobar hematoma. While CT patterns do influence the frequency of diagnostic angiographic findings, cerebral angiography is recommended in all patients with otherwise unexplained nontraumatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.     

MR imaging of experimentally induced intracranial hemorrhage in rabbits during the first 6 hours.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR appearance of intracranial, especially intraparenchymal, hemorrhage during the first 6 hours after bleeding with various pulse sequences in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage were created by injecting autologous blood in 9 rabbits. MR studies were performed using a 1.5 T scanner with pixel size and slice thickness comparable to those used in clinical practice before blood injection, immediately after injection, and at regular intervals during 6 hours. The images were compared with the hematoma sizes on formalin-fixed brain slices. RESULTS: In every animal, susceptibility-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) pulse sequences depicted the intraparenchymal hematomas and blood escape in the ventricles or subarachnoid space best as areas of sharply defined, strong hypointensity. The findings remained essentially unchanged during follow-up. The sizes corresponded well to the post-mortem findings. Gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) imaging revealed some hypointensities, but these were smaller and less well defined. Spin-echo (SE) sequences (proton density-, T1- and T2-weighted) as well as a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery turbo spin-echo sequence (fast FLAIR) depicted the hemorrhage sites as mostly isointense to brain. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility-weighted GRE imaging at 1.5 T is highly sensitive to both hyperacute hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma and to subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage.     

弥漫性轴索损伤的CT表现

目的　加深对弥漫性轴索损伤 (DAI)CT表现的认识 ,以助于临床早期正确诊断。方法　回顾性分析 56例DAI的临床及CT资料 ,其中男 44例 ,女 1 2例 ,车祸伤 43例 ,高处坠落伤 1 3例 ,全部病例均具有伤后立即原发性昏迷。结果　①脑实质出血灶 44例 ,呈斑点状 ,直径多小于 2cm ,主要位于胼胝体、脑干、基底节 -内囊区及皮髓质交界部。②蛛网膜下腔或 /和脑室出血 41例。③弥漫性水肿 9例。④合并硬膜外血肿 5例 ,硬膜下血肿 1 6例。结论　DAI的CT征象有其特点 ,对于临床早期正确诊断具有重要参考价值     

Traumatic hematomas of the adrenal glands: CT and US findings in 3 cases

Traumatic hematomas of the adrenal gland are but little known; they are but seldom discussed in literature, and can be demonstrated only by US and CT due to their small size. These lesions are mostly located on the right side, probably following a direct trauma of the adrenal parenchyma against vertebral bodies, or as a result of the rupture of medullary sinusoids for a sharp rise in pressure into the inferior vena cava, during trauma. Bilateral traumatic hematomas can cause severe adrenal failure, and the healing is slow, without calcifications, and takes several months. Three new cases are reported, unilateral on the right adrenal bed. In 2 patients CT demonstrated a slight parenchymal enlargement after thoraco-abdominal traumas; the patients were young and healthy, and the lesions completely disappeared in some years. US detected a third hematoma in a young woman with suspected metastasis from ovarian carcinoma: CT confirmed the parenchymal swelling, and a percutaneous transhepatic biopsy clarified the diagnosis. Adrenal hematomas are to be reported in order to avoid confusing them with neoplastic lesions, even though only percutaneous biopsy allows a quick and reliable diagnosis.     

成人外伤性脑梗死的CT诊断

目的 探讨成人外伤性脑梗死的影像特点.方法 分析30例成人外伤性脑梗死的临床与CT资料.结果 脑叶梗死17例,基底节-内囊区梗死13例,伴蛛网膜下腔出血15例,硬膜下血肿9例,硬膜外血肿3例,脑内血肿3例,脑疝5例,出血性脑梗死2例.结论 CT发现成人外伤性脑梗死的最佳时间是外伤后24 h～6 d,梗死多伴有颅脑损伤的其他CT表现,临床结合动态CT观察是诊断成人外伤性脑梗死的有效方法.     

CT recognition of subcortical hematomas

Subcortical hematomas develop in brain trauma and less commonly in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Six cases are reported that exhibit a spectrum of computed tomographic (CT) findings in this entity. Pathologic correlates in four cases are presented. It is theorized that subcortical hematomas form in trauma secondary to shearing stresses in the brain. Differential movement of gray and white matter may disrupt cortical medullary vessels. Rupture of degenerative vessels at this junction may account for hypertensive hematomas.