钛镍记忆合金支架辅助姑息切除治疗胆管癌

目的：总结钛镍记忆合金支架辅助姑息性切除术治疗胆管癌的疗效。方法：对13例胆管癌患者,实施肿瘤姑息性切除术,采用钛镍记忆合金辅助胆肠吻合,并进行跟踪随访。结果：手术死亡1例。随访12例,现仍存活3例,平均生存期达13．5个月,其中最长达26个月。结论：对姑息治疗的中晚期胆管癌患者,姑息性切除同时应用钛镍记忆合金可以延长生存期,提高生活质量。     

镍钛记忆合金辅助胆肠吻合术治疗医源性胆管狭窄

能否保持吻合口通畅是影响胆肠吻合术疗效的关键因素之一 [1]。然而由于医源性胆管损伤自身的特点 ,部分病例吻合口处理难以满意 ,易导致再狭窄 ,影响临床疗效。镍钛形状记忆合金 (Ti Ni)作为一种新的胆道内支撑材料 [5] ,尚未见有用于良性胆管狭窄的报告。本文随访分析我科以 Ti Ni支撑处理胆肠吻合口前后医源性胆管损伤病例的临床疗效 ,就其临床价值及应用指征作一探讨。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料及分组　自 1 981年至 1 998年 1 2月 ,我们共对 61例医源性胆管狭窄的病人进行了再手术治疗 ,其中 1 994年 6月至 1 998年 1 2月处理 2 9例…     

经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管复发结石

目的探讨经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后肝内胆管复发结石的方法及疗效。方法20．0．0年1月～2005年2月，对8例胆肠吻合术后肝内胆管再发结石，采用经皮经空肠输胆襻造口术建立通道，胆道镜经胆肠吻合口进入肝内胆管取石，纠正吻合口和肝内胆管狭窄。结果8例肝内胆管结石均取净，4例胆管狭窄和2例吻合口狭窄解除。8例随访1～3年，肝内胆管无复发结石和再狭窄。结论经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管复发结石创伤小、安全、可行，效果满意。     

超声引导经皮经胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的方法探索

目的：探讨超声引导经皮经胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的方法及疗效。方法：2021年6月至2022年1月对6例胆肠吻合术后肝内胆管结石病人,在超声引导下经皮经胆肠吻合口建立通道,置入软质胆道镜取出肝内胆管结石,行扩张肝内胆管狭窄和吻合口狭窄的治疗。结果：6例病人经皮经胆肠吻合口置入胆道镜建立通道的方式分别是：3例病人在超声引导下穿刺置入;2例病人经皮经肝穿刺胆管,超声引导置入;1例病人超声引导置管失败,转开腹显示结肠后胆肠吻合,辅助经皮置入胆道镜。6例病人通道位置良好,可顺利进入左、右肝内胆管取石治疗。术后无腹腔出血、无肠瘘、无胆漏、无腹腔感染等近期并发症发生。随访1～6个月,通道形成良好,可反复多次取石、扩张肝内胆管和吻合口狭窄的治疗。结论：超声引导经皮经胆道吻合口治疗肝内胆管结石、肝内胆管狭窄、胆肠吻合口狭窄,具有微创、安全可行、效果良好的优点。     

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目的 分析胆肠吻合术治疗肝内胆管结石并胆道狭窄的选择和疗效。方法 对１９９１年９月至１９９８年１２月６９例行胆肠吻合术的肝内胆管结石并胆道狭窄病例进行总结,包括临床表现、结石部位、狭窄情况、手术方式和治疗效果等。结果 胆管狭窄主要位于１￣２级胆管内。５１例（７３．９％）行肝胆管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术,１８例（２６．１％）采用胆总管十二指肠吻合术,随访结果表明,肝胆管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合     

记忆合金支架在肝门部胆管狭窄手术治疗中的应用

目的探讨镍钛记忆合金胆道支架在肝门部胆管狭窄手术治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2001年1月~2004年12月我院收治的肝门部胆管狭窄35例的临床资料。其中,恶性肿瘤32例,多数实施肿瘤姑息性切除术;良性病变3例,采用钛镍记忆合金辅助胆肠吻合。结果手术后1~5周黄疸消退31例。手术死亡1例。恶性肿瘤病人术后平均生存期为18.6个月,1年生存率为53.1%;胆管良性狭窄的2例,由于反复出现寒战、发热,术后1年取出支架。结论对肝门部胆管狭窄置入镍钛合金胆道支架,可明显减轻黄疸、改善肝脏功能,提高病人的生存质量和延长生存时间,是一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

ILS吻合器用于胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术的胆肠吻合

目的　探讨在胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术中使用吻合器作胆肠吻合的可靠性。方法　对 18例胰头癌、壶腹周围癌和其他壶腹周围非肿瘤性疾病实施胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠短路术 ,术中胆肠吻合采用了ILS吻合器 ,并进行围手术期评估和随访。结果　采用吻合器进行胆肠吻合的病例无胆瘘和胰瘘发生 ,随访和B超证实胆道、胆肠吻合口均无狭窄发生和黄疸复发。结论　只要胆总管和肝总管扩张的足够大 ,ILS吻合器可以安全地用于胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术中的胆肠吻合。     

GF吻合器的改进及其在胆肠吻合术中的应用

介绍自行改进的ＧＦ吻合器行两种胆肠吻合术的手术方法，报告了对６８例接受手术病人的随访结果；特别是经６～１０年随访的４８例，吻合口均通畅，无１例变形，狭窄，疗效属优良者占９７．９％，应用吻合器行胆肠吻合术，可提高吻合质量，显著降低术后胆道感染率，值得推广。     

弯管型腔内吻合器胆肠吻合应用118例

目的 探讨消化道吻合器行胆肠吻合的可行性、操作方法及效果.方法 对胰头癌、壶腹部肿瘤、胆石症等共118例次病人施行手术治疗,术中应用吻合器行包括胆肠端端、端侧、侧侧吻合术式的胆肠吻合.结果 全组病例吻合器吻合成功,未出现吻合口胆瘘、胆道出血、狭窄等并发症.良性疾病远期随访亦未见不良后果.结论 器械腔内吻合器行胆肠吻合省时、简便、可靠,可作为外科胆管空肠吻合重建的一种选择.     

损伤性胆管狭窄42例的外科治疗

本文总结近5年来收治的42例医源性胆管损伤病例，其中行胆囊切除术致伤者27例，占65.85％，经腹腔镜胆囊切除术致伤者4例，胆总管探查术9例，行胃大部切除术和肝血管瘤行术中肝动脉栓塞术致伤各1例。损伤的处理多属后期，21例胆管损伤后因出现胆汁性腹膜炎、黄疸和腹痛等症状在外院曾施行再手术治疗29次。42例病人在我院进行了胆肠通路的重建手术或胆管狭窄的修复手术。其中37例随访，随访率为88．10％。疗效优良，优良率为90％。本文分析了胆管损伤的原因，讨论了腰管狭窄的的早期发现和处理，以及后期处理的原则，镍钛记忆合金行胆管内支撑治疗取得了明显的效果，为损伤性胆管狭窄的治疗提供了新的手段。     

肝胆管结石再手术原因及处理:附81例报告

目的　探讨肝胆管结石再手术的原因及手术处理方法。方法　回顾性分析 81例肝胆管结石患者的临床资料。再手术的方法主要包括肝叶切除、肝肠Roux en Y盆式内引流、肝叶切除加肝胆管Roux en Y盆式内引流。结果　肝胆管结石再手术的主要原因包括胆管狭窄和结石残留、胆管变异、合并胆管细胞癌等 ,再次手术后经胆道造影证实残留率为 6.2 % ,随访术后病人优良率为93 .8%。结论　清除结石、解除狭窄、矫正崎形、切除病肝、通畅引流系肝胆管结石的治疗原则。     

良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后再手术临床分析

目的 探讨良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后再手术的原因和再手术的方法.方法 回顾性分析良性胆管狭窄行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后28例再次手术患者的临床资料.文中数据统计分析计量资料采用t检验,多因素分析采用Stepwise logistic回归分析.结果 再次手术原因为残余结石合并胆管狭窄10例,单纯吻合口狭窄11例,胆管狭窄6例,吻合口漏和十二指肠漏1例.再手术方式为:肝叶或肝段切除+胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术18例,肝正中裂劈开+胆肠Roux-en.Y吻合术5例,右半肝切除术1例,吻合口狭窄段切除+胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例,腹腔引流+十二指肠造瘘+空肠造瘘术1例,胆管切开取石+T管引流术2例,术后发生并发症13例.结论 胆道再手术病情复杂,手术难度高,详细了解病情和正确的手术方式是良性胆管狭窄再手术成功的关键.     

Endoscopic management of biliary strictures after duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in right-lobe living-donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to characterize the features of the biliary strictures that occur after duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction during right-lobe living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to evaluate the feasibility of correcting such stricture endoscopically by inserting an "inside stent," that is, a short internal stent, above the sphincter of Oddi. METHODS: Biliary stricture occurred in 26 (35.6%) of 73 consecutive patients who underwent right-lobe LDLT with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction from July 1999 through October 2001 and survived for more than 3 months. Of the 26 patients who had biliary stricture, 22 were referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and 4 for percutaneous cholangiography. RESULTS: ERC disclosed biliary stricture in 19 (86.4%) of the 22 patients who underwent the procedure. One patient had an unbranched stricture, 16 had a fork-shaped stricture, 1 had a trident-shaped stricture, and 1 had a stricture with more than three branches. Fourteen (73.7%) of the patients with strictures were treated endoscopically by inserting inside stents ranging from 7 F to 12 F in size, three underwent a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to repair their stricture, and two were closely observed as outpatients. Of the 14 patients who were treated with the inside-stent, only 1 had acute cholangitis immediately after the procedure and underwent a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The other 13 patients who were treated with the inside stent have not required surgical repair for as long as an average of 586 days. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic placement of an inside stent is useful for treating biliary strictures in patients who have undergone right-lobe LDLT with duct-to-duct reconstruction.     

Biliary stricture

Eighty-seven patients with biliary stricture have been treated at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco during a twenty-eight year period. In the first decade of the study Vitallium tubes were frequently used to stent the anastomosis and hepaticogastrostomy was a popular type of reconstruction. As these procedures fell into disuse and the fundamentals of a good repair became more evident, the success rate of operations for biliary stricture rose. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was more likely to satisfy these fundamentals and this method is preferred, especially for difficult cases. Peptic ulcer was seen no more often after hepaticojejunostomy than after other procedures and should not be a deterrent when selecting the method of reconstruction. The technical difficulties encountered when attempting biliary stricture repair in patients with portal hypertension can be insurmountable; preparatory splenorenal shunt should be considered for these patients. At present the success rate for stricture repair is about 90 per cent based on the status of the patient four years after surgery. Since even 70 per cent of those patients in whom recurrence developed experienced good results, operative repair is recommended over antibiotic therapy in nearly all cases.     

To stent or not to stent bilioenteric anastomosis after iatrogenic injury: a dilemma not answered?

BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury is a complex and serious complication whose frequency has not diminished. A bilidigestive anastomosis (Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy) is usually needed after complex injuries. Placement of an anastomotic stent is a matter of debate and to our knowledge there is no study that compares the results between stenting and not stenting the anastomosis. DESIGN: A retrospective review of medical records of patients operated on for biliary reconstruction after iatrogenic injury. SETTING: Tertiary care academic university hospital. PATIENTS: A comparative study was performed of patients operated on between 1995 and 1999, who were referred to our hospital for acute or elective reconstruction of the biliary tract following iatrogenic injury. All patients underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with a transanastomotic stent and those who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy without a transanastomotic stent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative mortality, anastomotic dysfunction, biliary fistula, reoperations, postoperative complications, postoperative liver function tests. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients with high and complex biliary injuries (Bismuth type III, IV; Strasberg D, E). Thirty-seven cases had reconstruction with the placement of a transanastomotic stent and 26 did not have a stent placed. No operative mortality was observed. The postoperative outcomes of both groups were compared and no differences found. Good results were observed in more than 80% of the patients. Reoperations were more frequent in the nonstented group (15% vs. 5%) and complications were more frequent in the stented group (16% vs. 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Good results are obtained with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy after complex injuries. The use of transanastomotic stents has to be selective according to the individual characteristics of each patient and the experience of each surgeon. We recommend their use when unhealthy (ie, ischemic, scarred) and small ducts (<4 mm) are found.     

胆道损伤经手术修复后再次胆道狭窄的外科处理

目的 胆道损伤经修复手术后发生再次胆道狭窄是外科处理的难点,该文探讨此类病例的手术时机和手术方法 .方法 回顾性分析了自2005年11月至2007年10月间,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的胆道损伤经一次或二次修复手术后发生再次胆道狭窄的病例16例,对这些病例的临床资料进行分析.结果 胆道损伤绝大多数是由胆囊切除所造成,其中14例为腹腔镜胆囊切除术.1例为小切口胆囊切除术,另1例为腹部外伤.初次胆道损伤按Strasberg分型,E1 1例、E2 7例、E3 5例和E43例,其中2例E4类型的病人合并动脉损伤.末次修复手术方式分别为11例胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,3例胆总管端端吻合并放置T管,1例左肝管T管引流,另1例胆道外引流术.该次入院12例病人接受了胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,其中1例接受了二期右半肝切除术(E4类型合并右肝动脉损伤);1例病人接受了胆总管端端吻合;1例病人(E4类型合并肝固有动脉损伤)接受了尸肝移植;1例病人(腹部外伤所致)接受了活体右半肝移植;另1例病人接受了胆道外引流术.经初步随访,病人恢复基本良好.结论 尽管再次手术时因炎症瘢痕等因素使得胆道狭窄平面高于初次损伤平面,但胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合依然是修复胆道损伤的主要治疗方法 .术前评估应尤其重视是否合并血管损伤,并根据情况考虑是否需要行半肝切除或肝移植术;而对于全身条件较差者,可先行胆道外引流治疗.     

Outcome of hepaticojejunostomy without access loop for repair of iatrogenic bile duct injury at laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background Purpose Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the accepted treatment for transectional biliary injury at cholecystectomy. Many authors advocate leaving a long redundant jejunal access loop to facilitate subsequent access. Reasoning that percutaneous access can be achieved transhepatically in patients with stenosis, this study reports the outcome of a policy of biliary repair without the use of a jejunal access loop. Methods Eleven patients undergoing biliary reconstruction over a 5-year period constituted the study population. Three (27%) were male, and the median (range) age at injury was 53 (26–75) years. Median delay from injury to repair was 2 (1–48) months. Bismuth stage was: stage I, 4; stage II, 5; and stage III, 2. Four patients had concomitant arterial injury. All underwent surgical repair by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy without an access loop. Results The median follow-up was 13 (1–64) months. The principal postoperative complication was a hepatic abscess in one patient. There was one death during follow-up, from acute myeloid leukemia. One patient (9%) with a type III injury presented with a symptomatic recurrent biliary stricture 6 months after repair, and was successfully managed by percutaneous biliary dilatation, using a combination of transhepatic and jejunal loop puncture. Conclusions Successful biliary reconstruction can be performed without a routine jejunal access loop.     

Congenital choledochal cysts. Observations on 2 operated cases

The authors present two cases of congenital choledochal cysts treated by cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, followed by good postoperative results. One of the patients has been treated by early excisional procedure, while the other has initially undergone an enteric drainage by cystoduodenostomy, followed by complications, which required reoperations after 18 months. We have evaluated the peculiarities of both cases, the present data revealed by literature regarding biliary carcinogenesis related to congenital choledochal cysts, their classification according to pancreatobiliary malunion, as well as the treatment of choice in choledochal cysts, meaning excisional procedure with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to prevent the risk of postoperatory complications which might appear after plain enteric drainage of the cyst.     

Duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation utilizing right lobe graft

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) utilizing the right lobe. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Biliary tract complications remain one of the most serious problems after liver transplantation. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy has been a standard procedure for biliary reconstruction in LDLT with a partial hepatic graft. However, end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy is the technique of choice for biliary reconstruction and yields a more physiologic bilioenteric continuity than can be achieved with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The authors performed right lobe LDLT with end-to-end duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis, and this study assessed retrospectively the relation between the manner of reconstruction and complications. METHODS: Between July 1999 and December 2000, 51 patients (11-67 years of age) underwent 52 right lobe LDLTs with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction and remained alive more than 1 month after their transplantation. Interrupted biliary anastomosis was performed for 24 transplants and the continuous procedure was used for 28. A biliary tube was inserted downward into the common bile ducts through the recipient's cystic duct in 16 transplants (cystic drainage), or a biliary stent tube was pushed upward into the anastomosis through the cystic duct in four transplants (cystic stent), or upward into the anastomosis through the wall of the common bile duct in 31 transplants (external stent). RESULTS: Biliary anastomotic procedures consisted of 34 single end-to-end anastomoses, 11 double end-to-end anastomoses, and 7 single anastomoses for double hepatic ducts. Overall, 5 patients developed leakage (9.6%) and 12 patients suffered stricture (23.0%). For biliary anastomosis with interrupted suture, the incidence of stricture was significantly higher in the cystic drainage group (53.3%, 8/15) than in the stent group consisting of cystic stent and external stent (0%, 0/8). While the respective incidences of leakage and stricture were 20% and 53.3% for intermittent suture with a cystic drainage tube (n = 15), they were 7.7% and 15.4% for a continuous suture with an external stent (n = 26). There was a significant difference in the incidence of stricture. CONCLUSIONS: Duct-to-duct reconstruction with continuous suture combined with an external stent represents a useful technique for LDLT utilizing the right lobe, but biliary complications remain significant.