2种致病性耶尔森氏菌与鼠疫菌EV株的相互拮抗作用

目的研究3种对人致病性耶氏菌在试管内的拮抗作用,以探讨目前雷州半岛的鼠疫疫源性。方法分别将小肠结肠炎菌、假结核菌与鼠疫菌EV株等量同时混合接种于赫金格尔溶解血肉汤,在不同时间点取样并进行菌落计数。结果小肠结肠炎菌0：3、0：9、猪盲株、假结核519株抑制了EV株,而EV株抑制了假结核277株。结论所选3种致病性耶尔森氏菌株存在相互拮抗作用。     

斑点金免疫渗滤法检测鼠疫菌的方法研究

目的　建立一种简便、快速的胶体金免疫渗滤法 (DIGFA)用于鼠疫菌的快速诊断。方法　用柠檬酸钠还原法制备 10nm的胶体金标记鼠疫多价抗体 ,制备成鼠疫抗体金探针。结果　鼠疫胶体金渗滤法对鼠疫FI抗原的最低检出限为 10ng/ml;对EV76的最低检出限为 2 .4× 10 5cfu ;除 4株鼠疫菌外 ,不与包括小肠结肠炎和假结核耶尔森菌等其他细菌发生交叉免疫反应 ;整个反应过程在 10min内完成。结论　该方法简便、快速、特异、敏感 ,不需任何特殊仪器设备 ,适合于现场鼠疫监测。     

应用RIP法检测小肠结肠炎耶氏菌对鼠疫F_1抗体的交叉反应性

利用放射免疫沉淀试验(RIP)检测鼠疫F_1抗体的敏感性与特异性均优于广泛应用的间接血凝试验(IHA)。本文将鼠疫抗血清用本室保存的小肠结肠炎耶氏菌抗原吸收后以RIP和IHA测定鼠疫抗血清的残留效价,观察小肠结肠炎耶氏菌对鼠疫F_1的交叉反应。现将结果报告如下。     

一株分离自丽江野鼠疫源地鼠疫噬菌体裂解特性的研究

目的测定一株分离自丽江野鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠巢土的野生型鼠疫噬菌体(命名为LJ-7)的裂解谱,分析LJ-7的裂解能力及特点。方法采用双层平板法观察LJ-7对248株菌(包括10株云南鼠疫耶尔森菌、1株鼠疫疫苗株EV76、6株假结核耶尔森菌、37株致病小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、17株非致病小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、100株大肠埃希菌和77株其他菌株)在28℃、37℃及18℃3种温度时的裂解能力。结果 LJ-7对10株云南鼠疫耶尔森菌、1株鼠疫疫苗株EV76及1株弗氏志贺菌有裂解作用;对其余236株菌均不裂解。在37℃时LJ-7较鼠疫诊断噬菌体裂解性高,而在28℃时LJ-7较鼠疫诊断噬菌体裂解性低。结论 LJ-7在28℃、37℃及18℃时均能裂解鼠疫耶尔森菌,对弗氏志贺菌也有裂解性作用。表明LJ-7裂解细菌谱较宽,在不依赖鼠疫菌的情况下可由其他细菌提供营养而存在,它的发现对我国鼠疫疫源地环境微生态学和流行病学研究具有重要意义。     

广东鼠疫静息期小肠结肠炎、假结核耶尔森氏菌流行病学调查

目的查明广东省鼠疫静息期动物间及蚤小肠结肠炎、假结核菌感染情况。方法采集鼠类回盲部内容物和猪、牛粪便分别放入改良PBS缓冲液中,置4℃增菌3周,经KOH溶液处理后,涂布IN培养基; 蚤类直接拉胃接种IN培养基,置28℃24 h,挑取可疑菌落鉴定。结果疫源地从鼠、猪粪、蚤、死猪分离出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌61株,血清型0：3（40株）,0：9（21株）和假结核耶尔森氏菌1株。非疫源地从鼠分离出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌2株、中间型耶尔森氏菌1株。结论广东目前动物间小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌感染普遍,猪感染率最高,局部已暴发流行,假结核耶尔森氏菌偏低,鼠疫处于静息期。     

广东省65株耶氏菌的系统鉴定与鼠疫疫源地性质的探讨

目的鉴定65株耶氏菌,了解菌株的生物学特性,抗原抗体与鼠疫菌的相关性,探讨疫源地的现状和性质。方法65株菌用3种致病性耶氏菌诊断血清,分别做玻片、试管凝集试验、生化试验、生长特性,挑选14株菌做毒力因子、毒力基因、致病性、交叉免疫原性、动物试验和血清学、药敏试验。结果 63株小肠结肠炎耶氏菌血清型42株O∶3、21株O∶9,中间型1株,假结核血清II型1株;VW+2株,VW±10株,VW-2株;14株菌F1Ag、F1Ab全阴;小肠结肠炎5株菌均有2个毒力基因(ail、ystA)阳性,VW+和VW±对小白鼠、家兔有致病性,动物感染一种耶氏菌后有交叉免疫力,抗原、活菌交叉吸收鼠疫抗血清后血清学IHA、RIHA没有交叉性,常用抗菌素敏感。结论目前动物感染小肠结肠炎菌普遍,猪感染最高,局部已爆发流行,假结核菌偏低,鼠疫处于静息期。     

耶尔森氏菌毒力岛的研究进展

耶尔森氏菌属为肠杆菌科 ,共 11种 ,其中 3种即鼠疫耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌对人是致病的〔1,17,18〕。尽管鼠疫耶尔森氏菌和假结核耶尔森氏菌在遗传方面几乎相同 ,在ＤＮＡ水平 90 %以上的一致性 ,〔1,16〕但它们的传播方式和所引起的疾病表现形式     

对常规制备的鼠疫F1抗原、抗体组分及免疫交叉反应的观察

目的对常规方法制备的鼠疫菌F1抗原、抗体的组分进行分析,并观察其免疫交叉反应。方法采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术分析抗原、抗体的组分;应用蛋白印迹观察其与相关细菌的免疫交叉反应。结果常规方法制备的鼠疫F1抗原、抗体组分复杂,混杂有其他多种蛋白;假结核耶尔森菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、大肠埃希菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌的全膜蛋白与F1抗体存在交叉反应。结论常规方法制备的鼠疫F1抗原、抗体不纯,影响鼠疫免疫学诊断的特异性。     

放射免疫沉淀试验检测鼠疫FI抗体的研究——Ⅰ.特异性与敏感性

试验证明,用放射免疫沉淀试验(RIP)检测鼠疫抗体时,将被试血清与相应的阴性对照血清的结合比定为≥3作为反应标准是适宜的;用RIP检测假结核,小肠结肠炎菌等抗血清30份,这些抗血清在1:10到1:100的各种稀释度中与~(125)I-鼠疫FI抗原均无交叉反应,从非鼠疫疫区收集的2196份哺乳动物血清,亦未发现阳性反应,说明该法特异性强。由于RIP是用分离剂沉淀鼠疫抗原-抗体复合物,故能检出不完全抗体,检出率不仅高于常规的间接血球凝集试验(IHA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),且滴度往往高十几倍、几十倍,乃至几百倍。所以用RIP检测潜在性鼠疫疫源地、考核灭源效果以及在科研中用于检测微量鼠疫抗体具有重要意义。加之该法自动化程度高,测试信息以数字显示,因而指标客观,容易分析,适于大规模现场调查。     

OmniLogTM微生物鉴定系统在青海高原野生型鼠疫噬菌体宿主谱检测中的应用研究

目的 采用两种微量法检测青海高原野生型鼠疫噬菌体的宿主谱,为今后噬菌体生态学研究和基于宿主范围噬菌体分类研究提供科学依据。方法 基于OmniLog^TM微生物鉴定系统微量法和微量点滴法,检测3株鼠疫噬菌体对2株鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫疫苗株EV₇₆、614F)和4株非鼠疫耶尔森菌(假结核耶尔森菌PTB3、PTB5、大肠杆菌V517、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌52302-2)的裂解情况。结果 476号、087号和072204号鼠疫噬菌体均能成功感染鼠疫疫苗株EV₇₆、614F并依赖其生长繁殖,且基于OmniLog^TM系统33℃培养48 h也能够观察到试验孔中四唑类染料颜色随着噬菌体数量的增加和宿主菌数量的减少而变淡。利用微量点滴法检测3株鼠疫噬菌体对4株非鼠疫耶尔森菌敏感性结果显示,28℃和37℃时476号鼠疫噬菌体对假结核耶尔森菌PTB5敏感,而087号和072204号对其不敏感;476号、087号和072204号鼠疫噬菌体对假结核耶尔森菌PTB3、大肠杆菌V517、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌52302-2这3株非鼠疫耶尔...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.