MR体素内不相干运动成像评价宫颈癌组织学特征的初步研究

目的 探讨MR体素内不相干运动(IVIM)成像评价宫颈癌组织学特征的可行性.方法 搜集24例宫颈癌患者(宫颈癌组)和24例因盆腔其他病变检查而宫颈正常者(宫颈正常组)的MRI资料.所有患者均行MR常规序列及IVIM序列扫描,测量宫颈癌组和宫颈正常组的标准表观扩散系数(ADC)、慢表观扩散系数(D)、快表观扩散系数(D*)和f值.比较宫颈癌与正常宫颈、宫颈癌不同病理类型以及不同病理分级上述各参数值的差异,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评价各参数值的诊断效能.结果 宫颈癌组的标准ADC值、D值、f值均低于宫颈正常组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.000、0.001),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.872、0.848和0.762.宫颈鳞癌组的标准ADC值、D值、f值均低于官颈腺癌组,D*值高于宫颈腺癌组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.037、0.004、0.000),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.938、0.975、0.900和0.938.宫颈鳞癌高分化、中分化和低分化三组间标准ADC值、D值、D*值及f值差异无统计学意义(P=0.500、0.753、0.341、0.266).结论 IVIM成像能定量反映宫颈癌的组织学特征,具有临床应用价值.     

3.0T MR扩散加权成像对宫颈癌放化疗疗效的评估价值

目的：探讨扩散加权成像（DWI）对宫颈癌放化疗疗效的评估价值。方法：46名接受全程放化疗治疗的宫颈癌患者分别在治疗前、治疗2周后、外照射25次后及治疗结束后进行盆腔常规MRI及DWI扫描,每次扫描均测量肿瘤的直径及ADC值。根据治疗结束6个月后的随访结果将患者划分为完全有效组（CR）、部分有效组（PR）及无效组（SD）。计算并两两比较各次 MRI扫描测得的肿瘤ADC值及直径的动态变化值。结果：CR 组在治疗2周及外照射25次的 ADC值提高均高于 RP 组及 SD 组（P＜0．05）,治疗结束后 CR 组的 ADC 值与 PR 组及 SD 组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗前、放化疗2周后及外照射25次后各肿瘤组（CR、PR、SD组）的ADC 值、肿瘤最大直径之间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：DWI可作为预测及监测宫颈癌放化疗疗效的有效方法。     

治疗前IVIM-DWI预测肝癌介入治疗疗效的价值

【摘要】目的：探讨体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)预测肝癌介入治疗疗效的价值。方法：搜集在治疗前及经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗后4~6周内分别行IVIM-DWI检查的90例肝癌患者。IVIM序列设置12个b值(b=0、10、20、50、100、150、200、400、600、800、1000和1200s/mm2)。分析IVIM双指数模型D*值、D值、f值,与单指数模型ADC值进行比较,并进行疗效评价。根据mRECIST标准,将患者分为治疗稳定组和进展组。通过独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、多因素Logistic回归和受试者特征曲线(ROC),分析和确定有预测价值的IVIM参数及阈值。结果：90例患者中稳定组48例,进展组42例。介入治疗后,IVIM参数中ADC值、D值均升高,D*值、f值降低。治疗前稳定组ADC值、D值略高于进展组,稳定组D*值、f值略低于进展组,其中仅治疗前ADC值在两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.039）。治疗后稳定组ADC值、D值、f值均高于进展组,稳定组D*值略低于进展组,其中治疗后ADC值、D值在两组间差异有统计学意义（P疗后ADC=0.015;P疗后D=0.048）。治疗前D*值、治疗前f值、治疗后D*值及治疗前D值4个指标在TACE短期疗效预测时为独立影响因素,其曲线下面积（AUC）依次降低,分别为0.694、0.502、0.499、0.398;其P值依次为0.002、0.968、0.987、0.097。其中以治疗前D*值预测疗效最佳,当D*值>12.319×10-3mm2/s时预测为疗效差,其敏感度和特异度分别为76.2%和64.6%,准确度为70%。结论：IVIM-DWI有助于预测肝癌介入治疗疗效,尤以治疗前D*值预测效果最佳。     

磁共振扩散加权成像动态监测中晚期宫颈癌放化疗疗效

目的：研究磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在中晚期宫颈癌放化疗疗效动态监测中的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入42例病理证实为中晚期(Ⅱb 期以上)宫颈癌拟行放化疗的患者,于放化疗前、结束时及结束后1个月行盆腔 MR 扫描。3例患者于放化疗结束后立即行手术切除,其余39例患者放化疗结束后1个月复查,28例完全缓解(CR ),10例部分缓解(PR),1例病灶稳定(SD)。28例 CR 中,11例于放化疗结束时病灶即完全消失(即刻反应组),17例于放化疗结束后1个月病灶才完全消失(延迟反应组)。比较不同疗效组肿瘤最大径及表观扩散系数(ADC)的动态变化规律。结果CR 即刻反应组基线肿瘤最大径(3.6 cm±0.9 cm)显著小于 PR 组(5.3 cm±2.5 cm,P =0.046)和治疗结束时尚有病灶残留的患者(5.1 cm±1.9 cm,P =0.021)。治疗后1个月 CR 组病灶 ADC 值(1.43×10-3 mm2/ s±0.04)显著高于 PR 组(1.29×10-3 mm2/s±0.11,P <0.001)。不同疗效组患者肿瘤最大径及ADC 值有不同的变化规律,且放化疗结束时肿瘤 ADC 值与最大径二者变化率存在显著相关性(r=0.421,P =0.005)。结论肿瘤最大径对于中晚期宫颈癌放化疗疗效具有一定的预测价值,不同疗效组肿瘤最大径和 ADC 值具有不同的变化趋势,肿瘤 ADC 值可以作为疗效评估的辅助指标。     

不同b值DWI对宫颈癌放化疗疗效的评估价值

目的 探讨不同b值弥散加权成像（DWI,diffusion-weighted imaging）对宫颈癌放化疗疗效的评估价值.方法 48名接受全程放化疗治疗的宫颈癌患者分别在治疗前、治疗2周后、治疗4周后及治疗结束后进行盆腔常规MRI及DWI扫描,每次扫描均测量肿瘤的ADC值,所有ADC值均由b=0,600s/mm^2和b=0,1000s/mm^2两组ADC图得出.根据治疗结束后的结果将患者划分为完全有效组（CR）、部分有效组（PR）及无效组（SD）,并根据ROC曲线比较两组ADC图评估宫颈癌放化疗疗效的价值.结果 治疗2周及4周后CR组的ADC值提高百分比在两组ADC图中均高于RP及SD组;治疗结束后,CR组的ADC值在两组ADC图中均高于RP及SD组;其中治疗4周后及治疗结束后高b值组（b=0,1000s/mm^2）区分CR组与PR/SD组的能力高于低b值组（b=0,600s/mm^2） （P＜0.05）;低b值组所测数据的标准差均大于高b值组.结论 高b值DWI评估宫颈癌放化疗疗效的整体价值高于低b值DWI,且数值更为稳定.     

基于体素内不相干运动的扩散加权成像对乳腺肿块病灶良恶性的诊断价值

目的 探讨基于体素内不相干运动(IVIM)的扩散加权成像(DWI)对乳腺肿块病灶的诊断价值.方法 前瞻性纳入术前行MRI检查且动态对比增强(DCE)表现为乳腺肿块的患者78例(87个病灶),分为良性组(n=29)与恶性组(n=58).通过单、双指数模型分别获得表观扩散系数(ADC)、单纯水分子扩散系数(D)、灌注相关的扩散系数(D*)和灌注分数(f)参数值.采用独立样本t检验分析组间各参数差异.绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析各参数对乳腺肿块病灶的诊断效能.结果 恶性组ADC、D低于良性组(P ＜0.001),恶性组D*高于良性组(P=0.04).恶性组与良性组间f无明显差异(P＞0.05).以病理为金标准,ADC、D、D*值诊断乳腺恶性肿块病灶的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.88、0.92、0.62,D与ADC间差异有统计学意义(P=0.03).ADC、D、D*分别以1.19×10-3mm2/s、1.05×10-3mm2/s、7.55×10-3mm2/s为诊断阈值,敏感度分别为86.2％、89.7％、89.7％,特异度分别为89.7％、93.1％、37.9％,准确率分别为87.4％、89.7％、55.2％.结论 IVIM参数D对乳腺肿块病灶的诊断效能优于ADC,具有较高的敏感度和特异度,D*诊断效能一般,f诊断价值有限.     

肺癌短期重复扫描ADC值和IVIM参数值的测量可重复性

目的:前瞻性评估肺癌短期重复扫描的ADC值及体素内不相干运动(IVIM)参数值的测量可重复性.方法:27个肺癌患者(27个病灶)进行2次自由呼吸DWI(b=0,300,800 s/mm2)及IVIM(10个b值,b=0～1000 s/mm2)扫描(间隔30～60min).2名独立测量者分别在ADC图、IVIM图上通过勾勒病灶获得ADC均值和D、D*、f值.采用配对样本t检验(正态分布)或Wilcoxon检验(非正态分布)比较重复测量、不同测量者和重复扫描的误差.各参数值的测量者内可重复性、测量者间一致性以及两次扫描的测量可重复性采用组内相关系数(ICC)、组间变异系数(WCV)和Bland-Altman法评价.结果:重复测量和重复扫描所得ADC均值、IVIM参数值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有参数显示出好的测量者内可重复性和测量者间一致性,除了D*(WCV＞30％).重复扫描D值的可重复性最佳(ICC为0.905、0.883,WCV为7.63％、8.46％),ADC值的可重复性较好(ICC为0.829、0.823,WCV为10.65％、11.13％),而D*和f的可重复性相对较差(ICC为0.639～0.802;WCV为39.50％～58.14％).结论:当运用DWI或IVIM来监测肺癌疗效时,若ADC值、D、D*和f值的变化分别小于21.81％、16.58％、113.95％和84.77％,则很可能是由测量误差引起.需要改进IVIM扫描技术和后处理算法,提高D*和f的测量可重复性.     

小视野体素内不相干运动成像在宫颈癌中的初步研究

目的探讨小视野体素内不相干运动成像在宫颈癌患者与正常宫颈间参数值的差异及应用价值。方法分析32例宫颈癌患者和24例正常宫颈的MRI资料,所有患者均行MRI常规序列和IVIM序列扫描,采用双指数模型分别计算出两组参数ADCstandard值、D值、D*值和f值,组间比较采用秩和检验,参数间的诊断效能用受试者工作特征曲线分析,统计数据P0.05有统计学意义。结果宫颈癌组ADCstandard值、D值、D*值和f值分别为(0.67,0.24)×10~(-3)mm~2/s、(0.43±0.1)×10~(-3) mm2/s、(8.04,6.31)×10~(-3) mm~2/s、(0.28,0.22),正常宫颈组上述各参数值分别为(0.71,0.25)×10~(-3) mm~2/s、(0.58±0.18)×10~(-3) mm~2/s、(12.75,7.16)×10~(-3) mm~2/s、(0.36,0.11),两组间ADCstandard值、D值、D*值和f值差异均具有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.28、~(-3).1、~(-3).5、-2.62,P值0.05),曲线下面积依次为0.679、0.743、0.775和0.706。结论小视野体素内不相干运动成像可以用于检出宫颈癌,并能较准确定量反映宫颈癌扩散和灌注情况。     

3.0T MR正常肾脏短期重复DWI扫描：ADC值及IVIM参数值的可重复性分析

【摘要】目的：探讨正常肾脏的ADC值及体素内不相干运动（IVIM）参数值在短期重复扫描时的可重复性。方法：对17例年轻志愿者短期内(间隔15分钟)进行2次双肾3.0T磁共振IVIM-DWI扫描。由2位测量者分别在ADC和IVIM图像上选取肾门层面测量肾皮质的ADC值和D、D*和f值。采用配对t检验（正态分布数据）或Wilcoxon检验（非正态分布数据）比较不同测量者和两次扫描获得的各参数的差异。对各参数值的测量者间一致性及两次扫描数据的可重复性采用组内相关系数（ICC）和Bland-Altman法进行评价。结果：重复扫描和两位医师重复测量获得的ADC和IVIM相关参数值的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。双侧肾脏各参数测量值的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。所有参数均表现出较好的测量者间一致性（ICC=0.703~0.973）。两次扫描时以ADC和D值的可重复性较好（ICC分别为0.756~0.866和0.779~0.876）,D*和f值的可重复性较差（ICC分别为0.274~0.700和0.499~0.664）。结论：肾脏IVIM-DWI短期重复扫描时,以ADC和D值的可重复性较好。仍需要优化IVIM扫描方案和改进后处理算法,提高D*和f值的测量可重复性。     

DCE-MRI及IVIM模型在直肠癌病理分级中的应用及其灌注参数的相关性

目的探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数、体素内不相干运动(IVIM)不同模型在直肠癌病理分级中的应用价值,比较两者灌注指标的相关性。资料与方法收集行动态增强及多b值扩散加权成像扫描,且经手术或肠镜病理证实为直肠癌的37例患者,其中高分化11例,中分化12例,低分化14例,测量DCE-MRI参数容积转移常数(K^trans)、速率常数(Kep)和血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve),IVIM模型中标准表观扩散系数(标准ADC)、双阶单指数纯扩散系数(D-mono)、灌注系数(D^*-mono)、灌注分数(f-mono)及双阶双指数模型纯扩散系数(D-Bi)、灌注系数(D^*-Bi)、灌注分数(f-Bi),检验数据一致性,比较不同病理分化程度直肠癌各参数值的差异及各组间参数值的差异,分析各灌注指标间的相关性。结果观察者间测量数据一致性良好(ICC>0.5)。DCE-MRI参数K^trans、Ve值及IVIM模型参数D-mono及D^*-mono值在不同病理分级的直肠癌中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低分化组Ktrans及Ve值均高于高分化组;低分化组D-mono值低于高分化组,D*-mono值高于高分化组,且随着分化程度降低,D-mono值逐渐降低,D^*-mono值逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ve与f-Bi呈正相关(r=0.365,P=0.026)。结论DCE-MRI及IVIM模型可为直肠癌病理分级的术前评估提供较可靠的定量参数。IVIM模型的f-Bi值与DCE-MRI灌注参数Ve具有相关性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.