超声生物显微镜诊断眼前节肿瘤

目的　了解眼前节常见肿瘤的超声生物显微镜表现特点。方法　应用超声生物显微镜对５５例常见眼前节肿瘤～虹膜囊肿、虹膜色素痣、睫状体肿瘤进行观察。结果　超声生物显微镜表现：虹膜囊肿为边界清晰的圆形或椭圆形囊样病变,内部为无回声区;虹膜色素痣为边界清晰的局限隆起,可为梭形、半球形等,内部回声均匀且与虹膜组织基本相同;睫状体肿瘤表现为睫状体局限隆起,可为半球形或蘑菇形,内部回声不均匀,前界回声强,后界回声弱,可伴有虹膜囊肿,继发脉络膜上腔渗漏。结论　超声生物显微镜对虹膜肿瘤可明确鉴别实性或囊性,睫状体肿瘤的基底部亦可详尽观察,超声生物显微镜是一种新的无创评估眼前节肿瘤的诊断方法。     

脉络膜黑色素瘤的三维与二维超声成像的比较

目的 :通过三维与二维超声成像对脉络膜黑色素瘤的检查及比较 ,了解三维诊断技术的优越性。方法 :应用 OTI3Di- Scan眼科专用超声仪首先进行二维 B超检查 ,取肿瘤最清晰方位作三维检查 ,探头旋转 1 80度 ,连续取二维扫描图像 ,然后重建成三维图像。体积测定按需要设定病变的切割厚度 ,画出各切面的轮廓 ,由计算机算出体积。结果 :4例脉络膜黑色素瘤三维图像中 1例呈圆球形 ,3例为椭圆球形 ,并可观察任何切面的肿块内部结构。精确测定出肿块体积 ,其中最大 1例体积为 1 4 99.9mm3 。二维超声显像显示 1例圆形 ,3例为椭圆形。 4例都有挖空现象 ,3例有脉络膜凹陷及球后声影。测量肿块面积最大 1例为 1 1 .1 5mm× 1 7.66mm。结论 :诊断脉络膜黑色素瘤三维超声成像比二维超声成像更具有优越性。外部形态呈立体球形 ,与肿瘤实际形态接近 ,并可观察任意切面内部结构 ,能够精确测量肿瘤的体积     

高频超声生物显微镜动态观测兔耳增生性瘢痕形成

目的 应用高频超声显微镜(HFB)动态观测兔耳增生性瘢痕(HS)的形态学变化过程.方法 应用Panoview 31500 HFB和50 MHz高频探头,在兔耳HS模型形成过程中的不同时间点(术后第1、3、5、7、11、16、20、28、36、60、90天)进行观察,同时进行大体形态、病理对比观察.结果 兔耳腹侧创面可产生与人类HS类似的过度增生过程.利用HFB可清楚、动态观测HS的形成过程,且超声对瘢痕的测量值与病理切片测量值高度相关(r=0.996,P＜0.01).结论 HFB不仅能动态观测兔耳HS的全貌,还可观察其内部细微结构并进行定量分析,可为研究HS提供一种有效的观测手段.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic appearances of eyelid lesions at 50 MHz

PURPOSE: To correlate the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) appearance of eyelid lesions with the results of histopathologic examination. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with eyelid lesions were evaluated using 50-MHz UBM, and the UBM scans were compared with the histopathologic findings. The obscuration of the normal lid sonographic layers and invasion into adjacent tissues were criteria suggesting malignancy. RESULTS: UBM characteristics of different eyelid lesions are presented. The sensitivity of UBM in detecting malignancy ranged from 78% to 86%, whereas the specificity ranged from 37% to 69%. CONCLUSION: This study of eyelid lesions shows that UBM can help differentiate between various benign and malignant lid lesions.     

In Vitro Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Imaging of Colitis in Rats

Objective. The purpose of this study was to show the feasibility of 50‐MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to image the rat colon. Methods. B‐mode images were obtained from ex vivo colon samples (n = 4) collected from Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) rats, with 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced colitis in 3 of them. Left colon rectangular fragments (5 × 5 mm) were obtained after necropsy, and UBM images were acquired with the samples immersed in saline at 37°C. All layers of the normal intestinal wall were analyzed according to their thickness and the presence of uneven bowel mucosa (ulcers). The folds and layers detected by UBM were correlated with histopathologic analysis. Results. The 4 layers of the normal colon were identified on the UBM images: the mucosa (hyperechoic), muscularis mucosae (hypoechoic), submucosa (hyperechoic), and muscularis externa (hypoechoic). On 2 UBM images, superficial ulcers were detected, approximately 0.5 mm in size, with intestinal involvement limited to the mucosa. The histopathologic analysis verified enlargement of submucosa layers due to an edema associated with sub‐mucosa leukocyte infiltration. On 1 UBM image, it was possible to detect a deep ulcer, which was confirmed by the light microscopic analysis. Conclusions. An ultrasound imaging system was scaled and optimized to visualize the rat colon. Ultrasound biomicroscopy provided axial and lateral resolutions close to 25 and 45 μm, respectively, and adequate penetration depth to visualize the whole thickness of an inflamed colon. The system identified the colon layers and was able to detect mural changes and superficial ulcers on the order of 500 μm.     

载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠早期动脉粥样硬化超声生物显微镜成像与组织病理的对照分析

目的利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)成像分析载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠主动脉早期动脉粥样硬化的超声特征。方法以8周及16周龄雄性ApoE-/-小鼠各8只为实验组,8周及16周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠为对照组,用UBM观察小鼠主动脉根部、升主动脉和主动脉弓的形态结构,并于主动脉根部短轴切面测量内-中膜厚度(IMT),与相对应血管节段的病理组织学测值进行对比。结果 ApoE-/-小鼠的主动脉根部IMT较同周龄对照组增厚(P<0.01);16周龄ApoE-/-小鼠较8周龄ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉根部IMT增厚更为明显(P<0.01)。采用UBM所测IMT与病理测值呈高度正相关(r=0.81,P<0.0001)。结论采用UBM成像可准确测量小鼠主动脉IMT,观测ApoE-/-小鼠升主动脉早期动脉粥样硬化的病变特征。     

超声生物显微镜和光学测量仪对闭角型青光眼前房深度及角膜厚度测量的比较

目的探讨超声生物显微镜(Ultrasoundbiomicroscope,UBM)与光学测量仪测量闭角型青光眼前房深度值及角膜厚度值是否存在差异.方法应用德国产Zeiss-Humphrey840UBM、瑞士产Haag-Streit前房深度计及角膜厚度计测量闭角型青光眼17例(32只眼)的前房深度和角膜厚度并进行统计分析.结果17例(32只眼)UBM测量的平均前房深度为(1.939±0.199)mm,前房深度计测量的结果为(1.882±0.254)mm,两者有显著性差异(P＜0.05);UBM测量的平均角膜厚度为(0.579±0.077)mm,角膜厚度计测量的结果为(0.581±0.060)mm,两者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论UBM测量的前房深度值大于前房深度计测量值,而UBM与角膜厚度计测量的角膜厚度值相似.UBM可以精确地测量前房深度与角膜厚度.     

睫状体剥离的超声诊断特征

目的探讨睫状体剥离的形态学改变。方法分别应用超声生物显微镜（UBM）、彩色多普勒超声显像仪、眼科A／B型超声诊断仪、前房角镜对172例186只眼睫状体剥离的形态进行观察。结果186只患眼均经UBM、彩色多普勒超声显像仪、眼科A／B超声诊断仪、房角镜检查，睫状体剥离的诊断率分别为100％、88％、55％、35％。结论UBM应为睫状体剥离诊断金标准；彩色多普勒超声诊断仪诊断率较高，尤其适宜眼科临床推广；B超诊断率较低，但对条件有限的单位仍应列为一种检查手段；房角镜检查局限性较多，但为唯一的光学检查手段，定位准确，应与其他方法联合应用。     

彩色多普勒超声对动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断意义

目的应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)技术观察大动脉粥样硬化斑块.方法受检者159例,观察两侧颈动脉,髂动脉及股动脉有无斑块形成.进行分组统计.结果内中膜厚度(IMT)随年龄增加而增厚,有高血压病史较正常人IMT增厚,大于1.3 mm为斑块形成.管腔彩色血流充盈缺损,管腔狭窄者彩色血流变细,流速加快,见多彩镶嵌血流.结论应用CDFI定期观察大动脉,可以判断动脉硬化的进展情况、治疗效果及预后.     

Insulin-like growth factor I (CA) repeats are associated with higher melanoma's Breslow index but not associated with the presence of the melanoma. A pilot study

BACKGROUND: IGF-I-(CA) repeats have been previously analysed in few types of cancer and the results, although discordant in different studies, showed possible associations between cancer and IGF-I(CA)(19) repeats. Aim of this pilot study was to detect a possible association between some of the IGF-I(CA) repeats and the presence of malignant melanoma and its Breslow index. METHODS: Two hundred patients affected with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 100 control healthy subjects were analysed for IGF-I(CA) repeats by fragment analysis sequencing and, partially, confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: A significant association of IGF-I(CA)(19) repeats was observed with melanoma higher Breslow indices (P<0.001), while no association between melanoma patients and the different genotypes of IGF-I(CA) was found. The above mentioned association was confirmed after Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons and also by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and BMI variables. A slight, significant difference (P=0.03) was observed for serum IGF-I values in IGF-I(CA)(19)-positive or IGF-I(CA)(19)-negative subjects. DISCUSSION: The association observed for IGF-I(CA)(19) and malignant melanoma is in keeping with similar results obtained in prostate or breast cancers, suggesting that this type of repeat may be directly or indirectly important in controlling cancer induction and its severity.     

超声生物显微镜睫状突冠状切面测量方法及其标准化

目的探讨睫状突超声生物显微镜冠状切面标准化的方法,并对其测量的一致性进行评价。方法设计了睫状突标准超声生物显微镜冠状切面,并在该切面基础上测量30例受试者（30只眼）的睫状突厚度、睫状突间距。评价同一操作者内及不同操作者间的测量结果,用类内相关系数（ICC）评价测量的一致性。结果测量者内CPT和CPI的ICC分别为0．989（F=91．054,P=0．000）和0．989（F=90．163,P=0．000）,测量者间CPT和CPI的ICC分别为0．97（F=33．670．P=0．000）和0．99（F=100．103,P=0．000）。结论规范了睫状突标准超声生物显微镜冠状切面,认为该切面有利于睫状突生物学参数检测以及对眼科疾病的病情评估。睫状突标准UBM冠状切面是矢状切面的重要补充．应成为UBM眼科检查的常规扫查切面。     

超声生物显微镜观察睫状突形态与青光眼的关系

目的 利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)定性、定量研究原发性闭角型青光眼患者的睫状突形态,探索其与青光眼的关系. 方法 浅前房组为80例＞40岁前房深度浅患者,包括急性闭角型青光眼(AACG)患者28例,慢性闭角型青光眼(CACG)患者26例,可疑房角关闭(PACS)者26例.对照组为80例相同年龄段前房深度正常患者.对双眼进行UBM检查,记录上、鼻、下、颞4个象限睫状突矢状和冠状切面扫查图像,测量睫状突高度(CPH)、睫状突厚度(CPT)、睫状突间距(CPI)、睫状突数量(CPN)、A角以及α角.进一步比较上述生物学参数在浅前房组与对照组间的差异、AACG、CACG以及PACS亚组间的差异、PACS亚组与对照组间的差别,并对A角与α角进行相关性分析. 结果 浅前房组较对照组CPH、CPT测值增加,CPI、CPN、A角以及α角测值减小(P＜0.05).CACG与PACS亚组的CPH、CPN差异无统计学意义,其余各组数据差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PACS亚组较对照组CPH测值增加,CPI、CPN、A角以及α角测值减小(P＜0.05),α角与A角呈正相关. 结论 原发性闭角型青光眼患者睫状突形态有明显变化,超声检测其参数可能成为早期筛查原发性闭角型青光眼的较敏感指标之一.     

超声生物显微镜成像对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠早期动脉粥样硬化的分析

目的 利用超声生物显微镜（UBM）成像分析载脂蛋白E基因敲除（ApoE-/-）小鼠主动脉早期动脉粥样硬化（AS）的超声特征.方法 8周龄和16周龄雄性ApoE-/-小鼠各8只为实验组,同周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠各8只为对照组.使用UBM观察小鼠主动脉根部、升主动脉和主动脉弓的形态结构,并于主动脉根部短轴切面测量内-中膜厚度（IMT）.检查后处死小鼠取标本,行病理学检查.结果 ApoE-/-小鼠的主动脉根部IMT较同周龄对照组增厚,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;16周龄ApoE-/-小鼠较8周龄ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉根部IMT增厚更为明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.形态学病理检查显示6只16周龄ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉根部、升主动脉小弯侧及无名动脉可见局部管壁增厚,有散在白色脂纹形成.结论 UBM成像可无创观察活体ApoE-/-小鼠升主动脉早期AS的病变特征,能有效监测ApoE-/-小鼠AS病变的进程.     

Ultrasound detection of a carcinoid tumor

The intraluminal component of symptomatic malignant carcinoid tumors of the small bowel is typically small relative to the extension in the mesentery, and barium examinations are occasionally normal. This case report illustrates the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography in the detection of extraluminal component of a carcinoid tumor.