体外培养条件下rhBMP—2和TGF—β对兔MSC分化和增殖的影响

目的：观察rhBMP－2,TGF－β等因子诱导在基质细胞向成骨细胞分化及增殖的情况。方法：通过体外培养兔骨髓基质干细胞（Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,MSC）稳定传代后,采取分别单独加入rhBMP－2,TGF－β等诱导因子方法观察MSC的成长分化,采用MTT方法以及碱性磷酸酶染色的方法观察上诉因子对细胞生长分化和增殖的影响。结果：当rhBMP－2的浓度在400－800ng/ml时对兔MSC的增殖和分化有明显的促进作用,其主要作用为促进分化,TGF－β对MSC的增值和分化也有明显的促进作用,其主要作用为促进MSC的增殖。结论：rhBMP－2和TGF－β可以作为兔骨髓基质细胞较理想的诱导因子,促进MSC在体外的增殖和分化,为体外培养组织工程化骨提供较好的种子细胞。     

周期性流体应力刺激对组织工程软骨分化影响的实验研究

目的 研究周期性流体应力刺激对组织工程软骨体外分化的影响,确立良好的动态培养方案。方法 穿刺吸取成年兔骨髓,密度梯度离心法分离扩增骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)。以2.0×10~7/ml密度复合于纤维蛋白胶,制成圆柱形人工组织。实验组材料经受周期为0.2Hz流体应力刺激,于转壁生物反应器中培养2周,对照组静止培养,两组均于条件培养基内诱导软骨组织形成。2周后观察大体形态、和组织学形态、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学表达,测量细胞活力和胶原、蛋白多糖含量等生化指标。结果 应力刺激组材料的大体形态完整,而对照组材料破碎回缩。实验和对照组均可以诱发材料中MSC分化成为软骨细胞,但流体刺激组表达更高水平的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖,细胞活力明显高于对照静止培养组(P<0.01)。结论 周期性流体应力刺激明显促进MSC体外软骨分化,转壁生物反应器培养优于单纯静止培养。     

聚磷酸钙纤维／左旋聚乳酸软骨支架复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程化人工关节软骨

目的：应用组织工程学技术,体外初步构建组织工程化人工关节软骨。方法：制备三维多孔软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA,体外诱导兔MSCs向软骨细胞表型分化,免疫组织化学染色检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达,将诱导细胞与软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA复合,体外培养构建人工关节软骨,1周后终止培养,扫描电镜观察组织工程化人工软骨的微观结构;同时将构建人工软骨移植于兔大腿皮下,3周后处死动物,甲苯胺蓝染色观察。结果：扫描电镜观察可见该复合材料CPP／PLLA为高孔隙率的网状、连通、微孔结构,微孔分布均匀,孔径大小为300～400μm之间;兔MSCs经体外软骨表型定向诱导后,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。诱导后的MSCs可在支架材料内良好贴附生长,细胞被分泌的胶原基质包裹;从体内获取的培养物组织切片观察可见大量的软骨细胞生成,甲苯胺蓝染色阳性。结论：经软骨起源诱导后的MSCs与CPP／PLLA复合培养可以构建自体软骨移植的替代物,为应用软骨组织工程方法修复关节软骨缺损和功能重建提供一种新材料,具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

聚磷酸钙纤维和左旋聚乳酸软骨支架复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程化人工关节软骨

目的应用组织工程学技术，体外初步构建组织工程化人工关节软骨。方法制备三维多孔软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA，体外诱导兔MSCs向软骨细胞表型分化，免疫组织化学染色检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达，将诱导细胞与软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA复合，体外培养构建人工关节软骨，1周后终止培养，扫描电镜观察组织工程化人工软骨的微观结构；同时将构建人工软骨移植于兔大腿皮下，3周后处死动物，甲苯胺蓝染色观察。结果扫描电镜观察可见该复合材料CPP／PLLA为高孔隙率的网状、连通、微孔结构，微孔分布均匀，孔径大小为300～400Ⅳn之间；兔MSCs经体外软骨表型定向诱导后，Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。诱导后的MSCs可在支架材料内良好贴附生长，细胞被分泌的胶原基质包裹；从体内获取的培养物组织切片观察可见大量的软骨细胞生成，甲苯胺蓝染色阳性。结论经软骨起源诱导后的MSCs与CPP／PLLA复合培养可以构建自体软骨移植的替代物，为应用软骨组织工程方法修复关节软骨缺损和功能重建提供一种新材料，具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

骨髓基质干细胞修复软骨缺损的实验研究

[目的]探寻体外诱导骨髓基质干细胞成软骨细胞的最佳细胞因子，寻求体内修复家兔软骨缺损的最为有效方案。[方法]rhFGF1、rhTGF-β1、rhIGF-1单独或联合应用对骨髓基质干细胞进行体外诱导培养，应用常规染色、MTT、免疫组织化学染色的方法筛选诱导骨髓基质干细胞成软骨细胞的最佳细胞因子，并将其与骨髓基质干细胞复合于纤维蛋白凝胶制成凝胶复合物，直接种植到兔膝关节实验性关节软骨缺损处，并与对照组相比较，观察软骨修复效果。[结果]常规形态学观察，rhTGF-β1和rhIGF-1联合应用诱导的细胞在形态上类似于软骨细胞，免疫组化染色提示诱导细胞具有软骨细胞表型。凝胶复合物直接种植在体内能诱导骨髓基质干细胞向软骨细胞分化，修复缺损的软骨，缺少细胞因子的对照组软骨缺损修复效果差。[结论]rhTGF-β1和rhIGF-1联合应用可作为诱导骨髓基质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的最佳组合，骨髓基质干细胞凝胶复合物能修复软骨缺损。     

骨髓间质干细胞体外定向诱导分化为软骨细胞的实验研究

目的：探讨分离骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）并诱导其向软骨细胞转化的体外培养方法,为软骨组织工程的种子细胞来源提供实验依据。方法：抽取兔髂骨骨髓液,经梯度离心法和贴壁法进行体外培养,贴壁细胞传代,取第3代细胞在培养基中添加软骨分化诱导剂[含转化生长因子（TGF-β2）10ng／ml、地塞米松10^7mol／L、维生素C50μmol／L,经7、14、21d诱导培养后,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组织化学染色检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达。将诱导细胞与软骨支架材料-聚磷酸钙纤维／左旋聚乳酸（CPP／PLLA）复合,1周后终止培养,扫描电镜观察细胞黏附情况。结果：诱导后细胞体外扩增能力显著降低,细胞形态由成纤维样梭形向多角形、多边形或类圆形转变,诱导21d后细胞形态变化最为显著,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色深而均匀。诱导后的MSCs可在支架材料内良好黏附生长。结论：体外培养的MSCs可定向诱导分化为软骨细胞,分泌软骨细胞特异性基质,可用作软骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

骨髓间质干细胞体外定向诱导分化为软骨细胞的实验研究

目的:探讨分离骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)并诱导其向软骨细胞转化的体外培养方法,为软骨组织工程的种子细胞来源提供实验依据.方法:抽取兔髂骨骨髓液,经梯度离心法和贴壁法进行体外培养,贴壁细胞传代,取第3代细胞在培养基中添加软骨分化诱导剂[转化生长因子(TGF-β2)10ng/ml、地塞米松10-7mol/L、维生素C 50μmol/L],经7、14、21 d诱导培养后,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组织化学染色检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达.将诱导细胞与软骨支架材料--聚磷酸钙纤维/左旋聚乳酸(CPP/PLLA)复合,1周后终止培养,扫描电镜观察细胞黏附情况.结果:诱导后细胞体外扩增能力显著降低,细胞形态由成纤维样梭形向多角形、多边形或类圆形转变,诱导21 d后细胞形态变化最为显著,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色深而均匀.诱导后的MSCs可在支架材料内良好黏附生长.结论:体外培养的MSCs可定向诱导分化为软骨细胞,分泌软骨细胞特异性基质,可用作软骨组织工程的种子细胞.     

小肠粘膜下层复合成骨诱导的骨髓基质干细胞体内成骨的实验研究

目的探讨利用组织工程方法,以小肠粘膜下层为支架材料复合成骨诱导后的骨髓基质干细胞构建骨组织的可行性。方法将取自兔骨髓中的骨髓基质干细胞经成骨诱导液诱导后,与经处理的猪小肠粘膜下层在体外共培养。1周后,将共培养的猪小肠粘膜下层埋置于无胸腺裸鼠皮下。分别在不同时间进行扫描电镜、透射电镜、组织学和免疫组织化学观察。结果体外培养时,见细胞与材料粘附良好,且分泌大量的细胞外基质,细胞分化、增殖活跃。大体观察植入体内的细胞-材料复合物,见颜色变白,组织硬度增加,组织学和电镜观察见有大量骨组织形成。免疫组化示细胞为具有分泌特异性骨钙蛋白的成骨细胞。结论骨髓基质干细胞经成骨诱导为成骨细胞后与小肠粘膜下层共培养,植入裸鼠体内后可形成骨组织,小肠粘膜下层是一种良好的骨组织工程支架材料。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE）内支撑组织工程软骨的构建实验研究

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞和软骨细胞混合培养体外构建ePTFE软骨复合体的可能性。方法：实验组：分离、获取、扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞和软骨细胞,二者按7：3比例混和,接种到以膨体聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE）为内支撑外裹聚羟基乙酸（PGA）支架上,体外培养8周后,行大体、组织学、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学和生物化学检测。对照组：利用实验组支架单纯接种骨髓间充质干细胞行体外培养。结果：实验组：体外培养8周后形成形态良好的软骨样组织复合体,组织学可见成熟软骨陷窝、异染基质、Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性。对照组：无软骨形成。结论：兔骨髓间充质干细胞和软骨细胞混合培养,可以在体外构建出特定形状、结构组织学良好的ePTFE软骨复合体。     

细胞复合β-磷酸三钙生物陶瓷修复软骨缺损的实验研究

[目的]通过将骨髓间充质干细胞（MCSc）诱导的具有软骨细胞、成骨细胞表型的细胞接种到三维多孔β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）生物陶瓷支架材料上，体外构建骨软骨复合体，探讨以β-TCP为载体建造组织工程化软骨修复骨软骨缺损的可行性。[方法]将β-TCP多孔陶瓷加工成圆柱状，并将其作为构建人工软骨的细胞支架。在支架材料上分别接种从犬骨髓干细胞培养成的具有软骨细胞、成骨细胞表型的细胞，将细胞-支架复合体共同培养1周后，移植到犬关节软骨缺损处。植入后12、16周末取材，进行大体观察、组织学及组织化学等观察。[结果]复合体体内移植后，在犬关节软骨缺损处有新生软骨形成，形成的软骨基本保持了支架材料原有形态。[结论]β-TCP多孔陶瓷可作为支架材料，复合细胞后具有修复软骨缺损的作用。     

Novel Strategy to Engineer Trachea Cartilage Graft With Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Macroaggregate and Hydrolyzable Scaffold

Limited donor sites of cartilage and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during expansion, low tissue reconstruction efficiency, and uncontrollable immune reactions to foreign materials are the main obstacles to overcome before cartilage tissue engineering can be widely used in the clinic. In the current study, we developed a novel strategy to fabricate tissue‐engineered trachea cartilage grafts using marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) macroaggregates and hydrolyzable scaffold of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA). Rabbit MSCs were continuously cultured to prepare macroaggregates in sheet form. The macroaggregates were studied for their potential for chondrogenesis. The macroaggregates were wrapped against the PLGA scaffold to make a tubular composite. The composites were incubated in spinner flasks for 4 weeks to fabricate trachea cartilage grafts. Histological observation and polymerase chain reaction array showed that MSC macroaggregates could obtain the optimal chondrogenic capacity under the induction of transforming growth factor‐β. Engineered trachea cartilage consisted of evenly spaced lacunae embedded in a matrix rich in proteoglycans. PLGA scaffold degraded totally during in vitro incubation and the engineered cartilage graft was composed of autologous tissue. Based on this novel, MSC macroaggregate and hydrolyzable scaffold composite strategy, ready‐to‐implant autologous trachea cartilage grafts could be successfully fabricated. The strategy also had the advantages of high efficiency in cell seeding and tissue regeneration, and could possibly be used in future in vivo experiments.     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外构建组织工程化半月板

目的探索以骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）为种子细胞,在体外构建具有完整内侧半月板形态的软骨样组织的方法。方法运用模具制备内侧半月板形的PGA/PLA支架。抽取犬骨髓,分离培养BMSCs,将其接种于支架材料上,5 d后使用软骨诱导液培养。体外培养6周后,行大体观察、组织学检测及生物力学检测。结果细胞材料复合物能够较好地维持半月板三维立体结构,形成了表面光滑、触之有弹性的瓷白色软骨样组织。 HE染色可见典型的软骨陷窝出现,说明成熟软骨组织的形成。Safranine O染色证实有蛋白聚糖基质产生。生物力学检测显示,新生组织弹性模量达正常半月板组织的12.7%。结论 BMSCs通过体外诱导,可在体外分化为较成熟的软骨组织,并构建出组织工程化半月板。     

Rotating three‐dimensional dynamic culture of adult human bone marrow‐derived cells for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage

The method of constructing cartilage tissue from bone marrow‐derived cells in vitro is considered a valuable technique for hyaline cartilage regenerative medicine. Using a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor developed in a NASA space experiment, we attempted to efficiently construct hyaline cartilage tissue from human bone marrow‐derived cells without using a scaffold. Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from the iliac crest of nine patients during orthopedic operation. After their proliferation in monolayer culture, the adherent cells were cultured in the RWV bioreactor with chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks. Cells from the same source were cultured in pellet culture as controls. Histological and immunohistological evaluations (collagen type I and II) and quantification of glycosaminoglycan were performed on formed tissues and compared. The engineered constructs obtained using the RWV bioreactor showed strong features of hyaline cartilage in terms of their morphology as determined by histological and immunohistological evaluations. The glycosaminoglycan contents per µg DNA of the tissues were 10.01 ± 3.49 µg/µg DNA in the case of the RWV bioreactor and 6.27 ± 3.41 µg/µg DNA in the case of the pellet culture, and their difference was significant. The RWV bioreactor could provide an excellent environment for three‐dimensional cartilage tissue architecture that can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of adult human bone marrow‐derived cells. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 517–521, 2009     

胎猪BMSC体外构建软骨的实验研究

目的比较胎猪骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,BMSCs）和成年猪BMSCs构建软骨能力的差异,寻找合适的同种异体组织工程软骨种子细胞来源。方法通过剖腹产手术获得胎龄为70 d的胎猪,胎猪骨髓液贴壁培养获得胎猪BMSCs;抽取成年猪骨髓液,经贴壁培养法获得成年猪BMSCs。两种细胞体外扩增培养后,观察第3代细胞形态,并进行成骨、成脂和成软骨诱导。分别取两种细胞以1×108 cells/mL的细胞终浓度,接种于聚乳酸包埋的聚羟基乙酸支架,体外诱导培养8周后取材。通过大体观察、糖胺聚糖（GAG）含量测定、总胶原含量测定、组织学,以及免疫组化等方法,对两种细胞构建的组织工程软骨的相关生物学特性进行比较。结果胎猪BMSCs比成年猪BMSCs具有更好的增殖和成骨、成脂和成软骨能力。胎猪BMSCs构建的软骨有良好的软骨外观,而且GAG含量和总胶原含量均高于成年猪BMSCs构建的软骨（P<0.01）。组织学和免疫组化显示,胎猪BMSCs构建的软骨组织结构致密,基质及Ⅱ型胶原显色程度均明显强于成年猪BMSCs构建的软骨。结论胎猪BMSCs是组织工程软骨较好的种子细胞来源。     

骨髓间质干细胞向软骨细胞表型定向诱导分化的实验研究

目的 研究体外培养的猪骨髓间质干细胞（Bone Marrow Stem Cells,MSCs)在特定培养液作用下向软骨细胞表型转化，探讨其作为组织工程化软骨的种子细胞的可行性。方法 取成年崇明长枫杂交猪髂骨骨髓5ml，在低糖DMEM完全培养液培养2周，传代后以高糖DMEM无血清特定培养液诱导（含胰岛素2mg/L、转铁蛋白3mg/L、丙酮酸100mg/L、地塞米松10^-7mol/L、TGF－β1 10ng/ml)，在相关显微镜和电镜下进行观察，免疫组化检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌，原位杂交检测Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达。结果 细胞形态由成纤维样梭形向多角形、多边形转变，透视电镜观察见大量扩张粗面内质网、高尔基体、线粒体。诱导培养后第7，14dⅡ型胶原免疫组化阳性，同时原位杂交检测Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达呈阳性。结论 MSCs在特定培养液诱导下能向软骨细胞表型转化，并能分泌软膏特异性基质，有可能成为软骨组织工程较理想的种子细胞来源的应用前景。     

Quantitative study of tissue-engineered cartilage with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

OBJECTIVES: To assess the possibility of cartilage tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to investigate the quantitative relationship between hMSCs and engineered cartilage. DESIGN: Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, cryopreserved, and expanded in vitro. Surface antigens were detected by flow cytometry. In vitro chondrogenesis of hMSCs and cryopreserved hMSCs was performed. The chondrogenesis-induced hMSCs were seeded onto polyglycolic acid scaffolds, cultured in vitro for 3 weeks in chondrogenic medium, and then implanted into nude mice. The implants were harvested after 10 weeks and examined with histologic and immunochemical staining. RESULTS: The construction of cartilages was identified grossly and histologically: 1.9 to 2.5 x 10(7) nucleated cells were obtained from 1 mL of bone marrow, and about 1 to 2 x 10(6) hMSCs were obtained from the primary culture. The number of hMSCs tripled at every passage and reached 1.4 to 2.8 x 10(12) at passage 15. The purity of hMSCs was 95% and 98% at the primary and the fourth passages, respectively. Twenty-one days was the optimal (induction rate, 95%) induction time, with no apparent differences in induction rates among different passages. Based on our findings, hMSCs from 0.07 to 0.14 mL of bone marrow, expanded during 4 passages and induced for 21 days, would be sufficient to engineer 1 cm(2) of cartilage, 3-mm thick. CONCLUSION: Quantitative standards of hMSCs as seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering were established and may have value for later clinical work.     

组织工程肋骨移植修复胸壁巨大缺损

目的　应用组织工程技术构建的肋骨和带蒂皮瓣移位修复 1例 2 5岁女性患者胸壁巨大韧带样纤维瘤切除后 ,合并软组织、肋骨缺损的早期效果。方法　经髂骨穿刺抽取骨髓组织 ,按 Houghton法分离培养骨髓基质干细胞 ,经定向诱导分化为成骨样细胞 ;用同种异体肋骨经去细胞、去抗原、部分脱钙和冻干处理 ,制成保存天然框架的生物衍生骨支架 ,将 5× 10 6 /ml骨髓基质干细胞与骨支架材料联合培养 6天 ;待完整切除肿瘤后 ,用膈肌瓣修复胸膜腔 ,组织工程肋骨修复 3根肋骨 ,同侧带蒂侧腹壁皮瓣移位修复胸壁软组织缺损。结果　手术经过顺利 ,伤口 期愈合。术后 3个月随访 ,植入组织工程肋骨在体内逐渐发育成成熟肋骨 ,心肺功能显著改善。结论　应用自体骨髓基质干细胞构建的组织工程肋骨在个体化治疗中显示了优越性。     

不同应力环境对兔骨髓间充质干细胞修复关节软骨缺损的影响

目的探讨不同应力环境对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)修复关节软骨缺损的影响. 方法将日本大耳白兔15只制成髌骨外侧脱位动物模型,平均分成3组,每组5只:即单纯载体脱位组(对照组)、移植物正常应力组及移植物脱位组.对兔MSCs进行分离、培养,以兔MSCs为种子细胞构建自体组织工程移植物修复关节软骨缺损.6周后处死动物,观察修复组织的成分和结构. 结果术后6周,移植物正常应力组修复组织浅层为软骨组织,甲苯胺蓝染色接近正常关节软骨;深层为软骨下骨,与正常关节软骨结构相似.移植物脱位组为骨组织所修复,缺损周围的正常关节软骨变薄,软骨下血管侵入正常关节软骨内,遗留在股骨髁滑车槽内的移植物在滑车槽正常关节软骨表面形成新生类透明软骨组织.单纯载体脱位组为纤维组织修复. 结论 MSCs修复关节软骨缺损,只有在正常应力状态下修复效果最佳;提示维持负重关节正常的应力刺激,对组织工程软骨修复组织的形成和维持必不可少.     

Development and remodeling of engineered cartilage-explant composites in vitro and in vivo

OBJECTIVE: Development and remodeling of engineered cartilage-explant composites were studied in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN: Individual and interactive effects of cell chondrogenic potential (primary or fifth passage bovine calf chondrocytes), scaffold degradation rate (hyaluronan benzyl ester or polyglycolic acid), and adjacent tissue cell activity and architecture (vital trabecular bone (VB), articular cartilage (AC), devitalized bone (DB) or digested cartilage (DC)) were evaluated over 8 weeks in vitro (bioreactor cultures) and in vivo (ectopic implants). RESULTS: In vitro, significant effects of cell type on construct adhesive strength (P<0.001) and scaffold type on adhesive strength (P<0.001), modulus (P=0.014), glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (P<0.001), and collagen (P=0.039) were observed. Chondrogenesis was best when the scaffold degradation rate matched the extracellular matrix deposition rate. In vivo, adjacent tissue type affected adhesive strength (P<0.001), modulus (P<0.001), and GAG (P<0.001) such that 8-week values obtained for bone (VB and DB) were higher than for cartilage (AC). In the AC/construct group, chondrogenesis appeared attenuated in the region of the construct close to the AC. In contrast, in the VB/construct group, a 500 microm thick zone of mature hyaline-like cartilage formed at the interface, and signs of active remodeling were present in the bone that included osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity and trabecular rebuttressing; these features were not present in the DB group or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Development and remodeling of composites based on engineered cartilage were mediated in vitro by cell chondrogenic potential and scaffold degradation rate, and in vivo by type of adjacent tissue and time.     

骨髓间充质干细胞种植Ⅰ型胶原支架材料修复关节软骨缺损的初步研究

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(marrow mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)种植在Ⅰ型胶原支架材料(type Ⅰ collagen-glycosaminoglycan,CG)上,软骨定向诱导后修复关节软骨缺损的可能性.方法将来源于10只成年实验犬骨髓的贴壁细胞培养传代至第3代,收集后以2×106密度种植于直径9 mm,厚3 mm(干样品尺寸)干热交联处理(dehydrothermal treatment,DHT)的CG材料中,软骨诱导培养基诱导培养21 d.观察每日细胞-材料复合体直径与初始直径的百分比,反应其收缩性.Ⅱ型胶原及平滑肌肌动蛋白(smooth muscle actin,SMA)免疫组织化学染色观测体外软骨形成情况.将体外诱导培养的细胞-材料复合体植入实验犬膝关节软骨缺损模型,12周后取材观察.结果诱导培养过程中细胞材料复合体直径随时间延长而下降.21 d后,细胞-材料复合体收缩至初始直径的64.4%±0.3%;组织学见:材料的孔隙收缩,新合成的基质使细胞-材料复合体的多数区域变为实体组织;Ⅱ型胶原及SMA染色阳性.植入实验犬膝关节软骨缺损12周后,犬膝关节功能恢复,关节软骨缺损处有软骨样组织填充.结论将MSCs种植于CG材料中,经软骨诱导培养后并植入软骨缺损后能形成含有Ⅱ型胶原的软骨样实体组织.