黄芩苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的建立氨基半乳糖联合脂多糖（D-GalN.L-1PS）所诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型,探讨黄芩苷对肝损伤的保护作用。方法给予小鼠黄芩苷7d后,腹腔注射D-GalN.L-1PS造模,测定小鼠的ALT、AST、GSH、TNF-a的含量;结论黄芩苷对D-Ga1N.L-1Ps所诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

芥酸酰胺对小鼠的抗焦虑样作用

目的探讨芥酸酰胺对小鼠的抗焦虑样作用及其机制。方法小鼠每天1次芥酸酰胺灌胃给药,连续7 d。第7天给药后1 h进行高架零迷宫实验或先施行小鼠强迫游泳应激后立即进行水迷宫实验,行为学实验结束后断头迅速取双侧海马备用。分别采用比色法和酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定海马组织单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase,MAO)活性、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)含量。结果芥酸酰胺显著增加小鼠高架零迷宫和水迷宫实验中的开臂进入次数、开臂滞留时间及缩短寻找目标的潜伏期;降低海马组织中MAO活性,增高NE和5-HT的含量。结论芥酸酰胺对小鼠可能有一定的抗焦虑样作用,其机制可能与调节海马组织单胺类神经递质有关。     

HPLC法测定养咽合剂中黄芩苷的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定养咽合剂中黄芩苷含量的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸-三乙胺(60∶40∶0.2∶0.2),进样量为10μl,检测波长为274 nm,流速为1.0ml·min-1,柱温30℃.结果:黄芩苷在2.4～15.0 μg ·ml-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r =0.999 4),平均加样回收率为101.60％,RSD=0.84％(n=9).结论:本方法简便、准确、分离效果好,可用于养咽合剂中黄芩苷的含量测定.     

黄芩苷对异烟肼和利福霉素钠肝损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

目的:研究黄芩苷对异烟肼和利福霉素钠致肝脏毒性的保护作用。方法:将60只小鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、肝损伤(异烟肼+利福霉素钠)组、联苯双酯组和黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组。后4组进行肝损伤组相同处理后1h给予相应药物,分别给药8d后测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性,计算肝指数,用光镜观察肝脏组织细胞病理学的改变情况。结果:与肝损伤组比较,黄芩苷组可降低肝指数水平、血清ALT和AST的活性(P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001)及明显减轻肝细胞的变性和坏死。结论:黄芩苷能减轻异烟肼和利福霉素钠引起的肝脏毒性。     

美丽蓝蓟对小鼠的抗焦虑作用

紫草科植物美丽蓝蓟（拟）Echium amoenum Fisch．et Mey是生长于伊朗北部和高加索地区海拔2200m处的2年生草本植物,其蓝紫色花瓣煎剂具抗焦虑作用。作者研究该植物花的乙醇提取物对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响。     

黄芩苷对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠生理机能的影响

目的：研究黄芩苷对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠生理机能的影响。方法：实验小鼠随机均分为7组,分别为对照组、模型组、香菇多糖（200mg/kg）组,黄芩苷低、中、高（50、100、200mg/kg）3个剂量组及黄芩苷（100mg/kg）＋香菇多糖（100mg/kg）组。在灌胃给予上述药物24d后,对实验小鼠的学习记忆能力进行测试,同时测定小鼠体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等酶的活性,及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：高、中剂量的黄芩苷能提高衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力（P〈0.05）,能在一定程度上提高组织或血浆中SOD、GSH-Px的活性,升高血浆中CAT的活性,并降低MDA的含量,但较香菇多糖组效果略差,而黄芩苷＋香菇多糖组效果最佳（P〈0.05））。结论：黄芩苷可延缓D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠的衰老进程,其作用机制可能与其调节氧化代谢酶系统有关,可作为抗氧化衰老辅助药物。     

黄芩苷对四氯化碳致亚急性肝纤维化小鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨黄芩苷对小鼠亚急性肝纤维化的影响.方法 小鼠经皮下多次注射CCl_4,促成小鼠肝纤维化,同时给予高、低剂量的黄芩苷,并以醋酸地塞米松做阳性对照药;给药4周后检测小鼠血清中的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)/谷草转氨酶(GOT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)/谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及肝组织中的羟辅氨酸(Hyp)含量,并计算小鼠肝脏、脾脏、胸腺的脏器系数.结果 黄芩苷高、低剂量组均可明显降低CCl_4导致升高的肝脏系数、血清AST/GOT、ALT/GPT、AKP含量以及肝脏Hyp的含量.结论 黄芩苷有抗CCl_4所致亚急性肝纤维化小鼠的作用.     

黄芩苷对小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的保护作用研究

目的：研究黄芩苷（Baicalin）对金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎小鼠的保护作用。方法：建立体内金葡菌感染肺炎小鼠模型,检测通过黄芩苷治疗后模型小鼠死亡率、肺湿/干重比例、菌落定植数以及肺泡灌洗液内细胞因子的变化。结果：黄芩苷能够显著降低金葡菌肺炎小鼠的死亡率,小鼠肺脏金葡菌的定植数量及肺脏湿重/干重比;肺泡灌洗液分析试验结果表明,黄芩苷治疗显著减少肺泡灌洗液中主要炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的含量。结论：黄芩苷可有效治疗小鼠金葡菌肺炎,同时为创新性抗感染药物的研发奠定坚实的基础。     

HPLC同时测定黄芩花中野黄芩苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定黄芩花中野黄芩苷和黄芩苷含量的方法,并控制其质量。方法 收集不同时期（初花期、盛花期、凋花期）黄芩花样品,采用HPLC测定其中的野黄芩苷和黄芩苷含量。色谱柱ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸（47：53：0.2）,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长280 nm;柱温30℃。结果 黄芩花中,野黄芩苷平均含量为1.690%,黄芩苷平均含量为0.306%;8月中旬盛花期时,2种指标成分含量最高,分别为1.857%,0.360%。结论 本法测定黄芩花中野黄芩苷和黄芩苷的含量简便、准确、快捷,可用于黄芩花的质量控制。     

黄芩苷的心脑血管作用研究进展

黄芩苷是黄芩的有效成分之一,具有清除氧自由基、减轻组织的缺血再灌注损伤、扩张血管、保护心肌细胞、抗心律失常等多方面作用。本文就黄芩苷的心脑血管药理作用作一综述。     

黄芩苷对化疗药物所致小鼠免疫低下的调节作用

目的研究黄芩苷对化疗药物所致小鼠免疫功能低下的调节作用。方法建立小鼠免疫低下模型,ig给予黄芩苷40,20,10 mg/kg,用流式细胞仪测定小鼠外周血中T淋巴细胞CD4+、CD8+亚群的分布,常规计数骨髓有核细胞数量,观察巨噬细胞吞噬指数、免疫器官脏器指数及组织形态的变化。结果黄芩苷能够提升免疫低下小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的水平,提高免疫功能,并改善化疗药物导致骨髓造血功能低下的不良反应。结论黄芩苷对化疗所致的免疫低下有保护作用,并能调节机体的免疫功能。     

黄芩苷的耐缺氧作用

为探讨黄芩苷对心肌缺血有无治疗作用 ,用小白鼠制备模型进行了耐缺氧研究。本文采用常压耐缺氧法 ;对抗异丙肾上腺素法 ;对抗亚硝酸钠法 ;断头法 ;失血性休克法研究了黄芩苷对小鼠耐缺氧作用的影响。结果表明 ,黄芩苷能非常显著延长常压耐缺氧条件下小白鼠的存活时间 (P<0 0 1) ;能非常显著延长腹腔注射异丙肾上腺素的小白鼠在常压缺氧条件下的生存时间 (P <0 0 1) ;能非常显著缩短失血性休克小鼠心跳时间 (P <0 0 1) ;对小白鼠的亚硝酸钠中毒无显著的缓解作用 (P >0 0 5 ) ;对断头小鼠的呼吸时间无显著影响 (P >0 0 5 )。这些结果提示因黄芩苷可拮抗儿茶酚胺类化合物 ,所以对心肌氧供不足及因心肌耗氧增加引起的心肌缺氧均有非常显著的改善作用 (P <0 0 1) ;对脑缺氧无显著的改善作用 (P >0 0 5 ) ;对亚硝酸钠引起的组织中毒性缺氧无显著的缓解作用 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Anxiolytic-like effect of paeonol in mice

The present study in mice compared the putative anxiolytic-like effect of paeonol, a phenolic component from the root bark of Paeonia moutan, with the benzodiazepine diazepam in the elevated plus maze and the light/dark box-test. The comparison was also with regard to locomotor activity (open-field test) and myorelaxant potential (inclined plane test). As with 2 mg/kg diazepam, paeonol (at 17.5 mg/kg) increased the percentage of time spent on open arms in the elevated plus maze and increased the time spent in the light area of the light/dark box (at 8.75 and 17.5 mg/kg). Since paeonol, in contrast to diazepam, had no effect on either the number of squares entered in the open-field test or in the inclined plane test, its side-effect profile is considered as superior to the benzodiazepine.     

Anxiolytic-like effect of asiaticoside in mice

The putative anxiolytic activity of asiaticoside was examined in male mice by using a number of experimental paradigms of anxiety, with diazepam being as a positive anxiolytic control. In the elevated plus-maze test, diazepam (1 and 2 mg/kg) or asiaticoside (5 or 10 mg/kg) increased the percentage of entries into open arms and of time spent on open arms. In the light/dark test, as with 1 mg/kg diazepam, asiaticoside (10 and 20 mg/kg) increased the time spent in the light area and the movement in the light area without altering the total locomotor activity of the animals. In the hole-board test, asiaticoside at 10 mg/kg significantly increased head-dipping counts and duration as well as diazepam (0.3 mg/kg). Thus, these findings indicated that asiaticoside exhibited an anxiolytic-like effect. Further studies will be required to assess the generality of present findings to other species and behavioural paradigms.     

Anxiolytic-like effects of baicalein and baicalin in the Vogel conflict test in mice

A previous receptor binding assay indicated that baicalein, one of the active principles of the Chinese herbal drug, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), interacts with the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors in mouse cortex membrane preparations with a K(i) value of 13.1 microM. Therefore, the present study examined whether baicalein and its 7-glucuronide, baicalin, have anxiolytic-like effects in a Vogel conflict test adapted for ICR mice. The results showed that both baicalein (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and baicalin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the number of shocks accepted in the Vogel lick-shock conflict paradigm over 9 min, as did a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, chlordiazepoxide (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Since the total volume of water intake and the shock sensitivity of mice were not significantly changed after drug treatment, the effect of baicalein or baicalin was not due to an enhancement of thirst or shock tolerance. Furthermore, this anxiolytic-like effect of baicalein or baicalin was antagonized by co-administration with a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.), but not with a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, pindolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.). It is concluded that the anxiolytic-like effect of baicalein or baicalin may be mediated through activation of the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors.     

黄芩苷脂质体的制备及在小鼠体内的分布

目的制备黄芩苷脂质体并考察其在小鼠体内的分布 ,为黄芩苷脂质体治疗乙型肝炎提供依据。方法用逆相蒸发法制备黄芩苷脂质体 ,测定其粒径及包封率 ,观察静脉注射黄芩苷脂质体及黄芩苷水溶液后 ,不同时间在小鼠体内的分布。结果 5批黄芩苷脂质体平均粒径为 (36 0± 4 2 )nm ,平均包封率为 (5 6 .0± 5 .3) %。黄芩苷脂质体主要分布于肝、脾 ,以肝脏中分布最多 ,而在血中清除加快。结论逆相蒸发法制备黄芩苷脂质体条件易控制 ,重复性好 ,可获得较高包封率和符合肝靶向要求的脂质体 ;黄芩苷脂质体具有一定的肝靶向性 ,可延缓黄芩苷在体内的代谢为乙肝治疗提供新途径。     

高效液相色谱法测定康得灵胶囊中黄芩苷的含量

目的 建立康得灵胶囊中黄芩苷的HPLC测定方法。方法 色谱柱为Agilent Tc-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温为30 ℃;流动相为乙腈-0.5‰磷酸溶液（26：74）,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长265 nm。结果 黄芩苷保留时间约为16 min。以峰面积（Y）对进样浓度（X, μg/ml）线性回归,得回归方程：Y=22 114.67 X－112 836.7,r=0.998 8,线性范围5.410~108.2 μg/ml。平均加样回收率为98.78%,RSD为0.74%。结论 本方法操作简便,测定结果准确可靠,可用于康得灵胶囊中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

黄芩苷对卡介苗加脂多糖诱导免疫性肝损伤小鼠的作用

目的　研究黄芩苷对免疫性肝损伤小鼠的作用。方法　采用卡介苗加脂多糖 (BCG+LPS)诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,通过检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性,计算脾脏等脏器指数并检查肝组织的病理损伤程度,研究黄芩苷的护肝作用。结果　黄芩苷对BCG+LPS诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤有明显保护作用,可降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT的活性和肝脏、胸腺指数,与模型对照组比较有显著差异(P<0. 05~0. 01),且可不同程度减轻肝脏病理损伤。结论　黄芩苷对小鼠免疫性肝损伤有保护作用,对小鼠的免疫功能有调节作用。     

Anxiolytic-like effect of the monoterpene 1,4-cineole in mice

Recent studies have shown that some monoterpenes exert anxiolytic- and depressant-like actions, however, these effects from monoterpene 1,4-cineole are still unknown. This work aimed to study the effects of 1,4-cineole in classic animal models for depression- and anxiety-like behavior, specifically the elevated plus maze (EPM), hole board, open field, pentobarbital sleeping time, forced swimming, tail suspension and rota rod tests. 1,4-Cineole was administered orally to mice (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), while diazepam (1 or 2 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 or 30 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. 1,4-Cineole (400 mg/kg) modified all parameters observed in the EPM, while no significant variation was observed on general motor activity in the open-field test. In the hole-board assay, 1,4-cineole induced increase on the number of head dips. Forced swimming and tail suspension tests showed that cineole (200 and/or 400 mg/kg) was able to promote significant increase on the immobility time, while a decreased sleep latency was observed (200 and 400 mg/kg ) on the pentobarbital sleeping time. Cineole had no effect on the motor coordination of animals in the rota rod test. The results suggest that 1,4-cineole presents potential anxiolytic-like action consistent with possible general depression of the CNS.