重型甲型H1N1流感患者外周血免疫细胞变化及其临床意义

目的 通过动态观察重型甲型H1N1流感(重症及危重症)患者外周血淋巴细胞的数量变化,探讨患者的免疫病理机制及淋巴细胞亚群检测在甲型H1N1流感诊断中的临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞技术检测2009年10-12月在我院住院治疗的41例重症、危重症甲型H1N1流感患者和同期41例轻症患者的外周血T、B和NK细胞数量.结果 在发病初期,重症及危重症患者外周血总T细胞、CD8+T细胞、NK细胞较轻症甲型H1N1流感患者显著降低(P＜0.01),CD4+T细胞较轻症患者降低(P＜0.05);危重症患者总T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、NK细胞低于重症患者(P＜0.01).恢复期重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感患者总T细胞、CD8+T细胞低于轻症患者(P＜0.05),NK细胞低于轻症患者(P＜0.01),B细胞高于轻症患者(P＜0.05).结论 重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感患者存在明显的细胞免疫损伤.     

191例甲型H1N1流感临床分析

目的 了解甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征和危险因素,以期对今后的诊疗工作有所借鉴.方法 回顾我院2009年6-11月经实验室确诊的191例甲型H1N1流感病例的临床资料,分析患者发病特点、治疗和临床过程、重症病例危险因素.结果 大多数甲型H1N1流感患者起病较为温和,主要症状有发热(100%)和(或)咳嗽(87.4%),极少数患者出现卡他症状和消化道症状.191例患者伴基础疾病者21例;16例重症病例,6例需ICU治疗.C反应蛋白(CRP)升高与住院天数和疾病严重程度呈正相关(r=0.462,P＜0.01);胸片异常者住院天数和CRP值与正常者比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.545,t=4.440,P＜0.05),并有可能需要收住ICU进一步治疗.60例患者服用奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,176例患者予中医辨证治疗,均显示较好疗效.结论 CRP与胸片检查可能有助于甲型H1N1流感重症患者的早期筛查.中医治疗对甲型H1N1流感有一定效果,尤其对于减轻咳嗽、头痛、咽痛等症状效果较为显著.     

糖皮质激素治疗重症新型甲型H1N1流感的探讨

目的探讨糖皮质激素在重症新型甲型H1N1流感治疗中的作用。方法对2009年10月-2010年2月在宝鸡市2所三级甲等医院收治的12例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床治疗进行回顾性分析。结果糖皮质激素多采用早期、小剂量、短疗程方案,激素组6例,非激素组6例,激素组与非激素组年龄与性别构成比差异均无统计学意义;退热时间和肺部炎症吸收时间,激素组分别为(6.3±3.5)d和(18.2±7.8)d,非激素组分别为(8.1±3.2)d和(21.7±8.9)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);激素组病死率(16.7%)高于非激素组(0),但两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论早期、小剂量、短疗程使用糖皮质激素虽能明显缩短重症甲型流感的病程,加快肺部炎症的吸收,但不是治疗重症甲型流感必需的药物。     

55例重症甲型H1N1流感流行特征及预防治疗策略

目的了解浙中西部地区甲型H1N1流感流行特征,为甲型H1N1流感防控提供科学依据。方法分析2009年11月-2010年1月收住医院55例确诊重症甲型H1N1流感病例的临床资料。结果临床主要表现为流感样症状,发热55例,占100.00%,咳嗽52例,占94.55%,涉及多系统、多脏器,少数病例病情进展迅速,出现呼吸衰竭、多脏器功能损伤甚至死亡;94.55%患者出现实验室检查异常;危重症患者病初白细胞数或(和)CRP值明显高于重症患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);55例患者发现肺部炎性改变;53例用磷酸奥司他韦抗病毒治疗;54例治愈,死亡1例。结论儿童、青少年及慢性基础疾病患者和妊娠妇女是甲型H1N1流感和甲型H1N1流感重症的高危人群;发病初期血白细胞和(或)CRP明显升高、淋巴细胞下降者更易发展为危重症,且易误诊误治,应引起临床重视;磷酸奥司他韦加综合治疗,效果可靠;早发现、早治疗是救治成功的关键所在。     

湘西自治州甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的 了解湘西自治州人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平,分析流感流行趋势,为制定针对性的防治措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2010年1月4月8月共选取675人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测.结果 在不同季节,不同职业人群中H1抗体阳性率不同(P＜0.05),同时在出现过急性呼吸道症以及接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群中H1抗体阳性率相对较高(P＜0.05).H1抗体GMT呈现季节性变化(P＜0.05),在不同年龄,不同职业人群中抗体水平大小差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01).调查还发现发现出现过急性呼吸道症人群中抗体GMT和中位数高于未出现呼吸道症状者(P＜ 0.001);接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗者抗体GMT和中位数也同样高于未接种者(P＜ 0.001).在不同性别和民族人群中,抗体的阳性率和水平大小无统计学差异.结论 目前湘西地区甲型H1N1流感已经得到有效控制,但鉴于人群中保护性抗体水平季节性变化,下一阶段重点是定期开展快速的血清学监测,并且继续对高危人群实施甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种.     

高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征及疫苗预防的效果分析

目的 探讨高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征及疫苗预防的临床效果.方法 本研究对2009年10～12月在我中心收到的甲型H1N1流感患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析,探讨其流行病学特征,并针性高校内的教师、职工及学生进行流感疫苗接种.结果 21例甲型H1N1流感患者在接收后主要以咽部充血和发热为主要临床表现,其次是流涕、头痛.接种组中出现甲型H1N1流感症状者3例,占0.20％(3/1522);而未接种组中出现甲型H1N1流感症状者4例,占1.88％(4/213);经统计学分析发现接种组的甲型H1N1流感症状发生率明显低于未接种组,且差异具有统计学意义(x2=431,P＜0.05).接种组中学出现接种部位疼痛2例,占0.13％(2/1522),发热3例,占0.20％(3/1522),皮肤瘙痒3例,占0.20％(3/1522),这些局部反应均在接种3d后自动消失.结论 了解并掌握甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征对于临床预防有着重要的应用价值.     

高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征及疫苗预防的效果分析

[目的]观察高校甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗的预防效果.[方法]回顾性分析2009年10月5日～11月9日我院隔离病房收治的甲型H1N1流感确诊病例29例,观察患者流感相关症状、体征的动态情况.对13 197名高校教职工及学生进行甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种,与同期匹配的未接种人群比较甲型H1N1流感发生情况、流感样症状发生情况及上呼吸道感染发生情况.[结果]29例甲型H1N1患者均咽部充血,大部分患者发热,部分患者头痛、鼻塞、流涕、乏力、肌肉酸痛等.接种疫苗可显著减少甲型H1N1流感的发生率(P<0.05),预防有效率为77.81%;且接种后流感样症状发生率明显降低,与对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05),预防有效率为78.35%;此外,两组上呼吸道感染发生率有统计学差异(P<0.05),预防有效率为53.84%.接种疫苗后副反应发生率为0.77%.[结论]掌握甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,有助于为疫情的防控提供科学依据,甲型H1N1流感疫苗可有效预防甲型H1N1流感及其他相关疾病的发生.     

无锡市甲型H1N1流感及季节性流感疫苗接种效果分析

目的调查流感样病例(ILI)和无锡市一般人群中甲型H1N1流感疫苗及季节性流感疫苗的接种情况,评估疫苗接种后对人群的保护效果。方法以无锡市2家哨点医院为基础,采集流感样病例病毒核酸检测阳性的病例作为病例组,共1 529人,同时按照"病例"的电话信息,随机产生电话号码选择、年龄匹配的一般人群作为对照组,共380人。结果病例组甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为6.1%(94/1 529),对照组甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为12.1%(46/380),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);甲型H1N1流感病例中接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为12.5%(3/24),门诊检测阴性的ILI病例接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为6.1%(78/1 273),"接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗"因素的OR值为0.457(P=0.201);以电话调查一般人群(330例)作为对照组,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为13.3%(44/330),OR值为1.077(P=0.908)。结论该次调查说明接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗对预防流感样病例有一定效果,但由于样本量较少,24种方法病例对照分析均未得出差异有统计学意义。     

浅论吉林省某医院甲型H1N1流感疫情回顾性分析

目的 了解该院医院甲型H1N1流感疫情,描述该地区流感发病特点.方法 对吉林省白城市321医院疑似甲流患者,采用医院感染调查常用的回顾性分析的方法,选择门诊电子病例和住院病历调查相结合的方式对入院和门诊患者进行描述分析.结果 吉林省白城市321医院疑似甲流患者中不同年龄组住院甲型流感患病率差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),城乡19～40岁组甲型流感患病率差异存在统计学意(P＜0.05),初转诊40岁以上患者甲型流感患病率差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05),疑似甲流患者0～19岁组男女甲型流感患病率差异存在统计学意义.结论 建立健全地级医院特殊爆发性传染病的管理,针对不同年龄、性别、地区和初转诊的患者提供差异性的防控措施.     

重症甲型H1N1流感46例临床特征及治疗分析

[目的]总结重症甲型H1N1流感的临床特征及治疗方法.[方法]对收治并确诊为甲型H1N1流感重症的46例患者全部使用抗病毒治疗、合并症治疗及支持治疗.[结果]症状出现频率从高到低依次是:发热45例(97.8%),咳嗽35例(76%),全身酸痛21例(45.6%),咳痰20例(43.4%),咽痛14例(30.4%);血细胞计数降低者20%,中性粒细胞的百分比值<50%者32%,60%的患者淋巴细胞减少<20%,28例(71%)患者C反应蛋白升高.46例患者甲型H1N1流感病毒转阴时间为3.68(2～8)d.全部病例治愈出院.[结论]甲型H1N1流感流行季节的呼吸道感染人群,如出现持续高热超3 d或呼吸急促,呼吸困难,或喘息不能用原有哮喘疾病解释,血气分析PO2降低,肺部X线发现肺广泛病灶、原有基础病出现不明原因加重,均提示重症及ARDS可能.早期、及时发现重症患者病情变化,采用奥司他韦抗病毒为主的综合救治,可获满意疗效.     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.