急诊肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝癌破裂出血

自发性破裂出血是肝癌严重的并发症之一,因出血和肿瘤双重因素影响致使临床处理较为困难.以往多行急诊肝切除治疗,但存在着较高的病死率.本文对16例肝癌破裂出血病人采用急诊介入肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)取得满意疗效.现报告如下.     

肝癌破裂出血的急诊介入治疗

目的：评价急诊肝动脉栓塞术（Transcatheter arterial embolization，TAE）治疗肝癌破裂出血的疗效。方法：采用Seldinger技术穿刺，使用明胶海绵、碘化油对14例肝癌破裂出血患者行肝动脉栓塞术，其中4例同时加用表阿霉素行栓塞化疗。结果：14例肝癌破裂出血患者全部止血成功，无严重并发症，术后无复发出血。其中2例术后2个月死于肝功能衰竭，其余12例生存4～25（平均7．6）个月。结论：TAE是治疗肝癌破裂出血的有效方法。     

骨盆骨折大出血的急诊动脉栓塞治疗

目的探讨急诊应用动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的临床疗效及方法。方法15例骨盆骨折大出血患者,其中男性9例,女性6例;年龄15-59岁,平均年龄36岁。接诊时处于失血性休克状态,3例由急诊科直接送导管室,12例保守治疗2.0-12.0h,血压不稳定或持续下降而行急诊动脉栓塞术,选择性或超选择性髂内动脉或分支栓塞。栓塞剂取明胶海绵。结果15例栓塞全部成功,立刻止血,血压上升或稳定。结论急诊应用髂内动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血,是一种行之有效、立竿见影的急救止血手段。     

肝癌自发性破裂的外科急诊治疗

目的总结肝癌自发性破裂出血的外科治疗经验.方法分析了28例肝癌自发性破裂出血不同治疗方法的临床效果.结果 7例行急诊肝癌部分切除者较肝动脉结扎、填塞等手术止血,再出血发生率低,生存期明显延长.结论肝癌破裂出血,在条件许可的情况下,行急诊肝癌切除,既切除了病灶,又达到了止血目的,是首选的治疗方式.     

肝癌自发性破裂的外科急诊治疗

目的　总结肝癌自发性破裂出血的外科治疗经验 .方法　分析了 2 8例肝癌自发性破裂出血不同治疗方法的临床效果 .结果　 7例行急诊肝癌部分切除者较肝动脉结扎、填塞等手术止血 ,再出血发生率低 ,生存期明显延长 .结论　肝癌破裂出血 ,在条件许可的情况下 ,行急诊肝癌切除 ,既切除了病灶 ,又达到了止血目的 ,是首选的治疗方式     

选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗肝外伤术后胆道出血

目的 介绍选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗肝外伤术后胆道出血的体会。方法 采用Seldinger法于右股动脉穿刺将5F的RH导管选择性或超选择性地插和病灶区的肝动脉分支内，经DSA造影证实插管无误后，将明绞海绵微粒注入，进行肝动脉栓塞止血。结果 本组病例经1次栓塞达到了止血目的，无死亡及严重并发症。结论 该方法不需麻醉，对患者影响小，随着DSA和DTA的应用，插管更准确，栓塞止血效果更确切，并发症少，有效地挽救了那些不能耐受再次手术的患者的生命，被认为是目前治疗肝外伤术后胆道出血的十分有效的方法。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗治疗不能切除肝癌研究

目的:探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放射治疗(3-DRCT)在治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效。方法:将90例不能手术切除的HCC患者分为两组,实验组(B组)行1次TACE后再给以立体定向放疗,对照组(A组)根据病情给以TACE2-3次。比较两组肿瘤大小、AFP变化情况,并对1,2,3年生存率进行分析。结果:A组治疗前后平均肿瘤直径分别是(7.35±2.25)cm和(6.20±1.67)cm,B组分别是(7.65±1.86)cm和(6.18±1.74)cm,两组治疗前、后比较均有显著差异(t分别为2.681和3.891,P0.005和P0.001),但两组之间比较均没有显著差异(P0.05)。两组治疗前后血清AFP水平比较两组均有明显下降,A组从2596.0 ng/L下降到246.9 ng/L(U=420,P0.001),B组从2317.4 ng/L下降到64.6 ng/L(U=310.0,P0.001)。两组之间比较,治疗后AFP差异有统计学意义(U=561.0,P0.05)。两组中位生存期分别为18月和25月,1、2、3年生存率分别为:A组66.7%,42.2%和25%,B组为86.7%,55.6%和33.3%,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.01)。结论:TACE联合3-DRCT治疗不能切除的HCC的疗效优于单纯TACE。     

原发性巨块型肝癌综合介入治疗的疗效分析

目的 观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）后结合经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇术（PEI）治疗原发性巨块型肝癌的疗效。方法 对21例中、晚期原发性巨块型肝癌先行TACE术治疗，术后2～3周再在CT引导下PEI1～2次，治疗2个周期后观察AFP变化和肿块缩小率以及1、2年生存率。结果 19例肿块明显缩小，其中5例肿块缩小率超过50％，所有病例术前显著增高的AFP值显著降低，其中6例降低至正常范围。本组病例1、2年累计生存率分别是65％、40％。结论 联合应用TACE＋PEI可以作为综合介入治疗巨块型肝癌的一种常规选择方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞术在产科出血治疗中的应用

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术在治疗胎盘植入等产科出血性疾病中的意义。方法:对20例因胎盘植入等各种病因发生产科大出血的患者,应用Seldinger技术行双侧子宫动脉造影并注入明胶海绵颗粒行栓塞术,其中8例胎盘植入和5例宫颈妊娠者栓塞前先行化疗药物灌注。结果:子宫动脉栓塞术后30 min内阴道流血量显著减少,栓塞术后病人仅表现轻微的疼痛和不同程度的发热,无严重并发症。20例均治愈并保留了生殖功能。结论:子宫动脉灌注栓塞术具有止血迅速、创伤小、并发症及副反应少的特点,且可同时药物灌注,是治疗产科大出血的有效方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产科出血的进展

近年来,由于剖宫产以及人工流产率的渐升,产科出血(obstetrics hemorrhage,OH)的发生率亦有相应上升。产科出血是我国孕产妇死亡的首要原因[1-2]。减少产科出血,降低孕产妇死亡率是临床治疗的首要目标。以往保守治疗效果不确切,而外科手术治疗因创伤大、并发症高、甚至使患者丧失生育能力,而不被患者接受。自1979年子宫动脉栓塞术(uterine artery embolization,UAE)首次治疗产科出血并取得成功后[3],UAE以     

Increased proliferation activities of vascular endothelial cells and tumour cells in residual hepatocellular carcinoma following transcatheter arterial embolization

AIMS: Transcatheter arterial embolization induces extensive ischaemic necrosis or hypoxia via the obstruction of the hepatic artery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ischaemia is strongly correlated with an increased expression of angiogenic factor and stimulates an increase in angiogenesis, including endothelial cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ischaemic necrosis induced by transcatheter arterial embolization could increase the proliferative activities of intratumoral endothelial cells or tumour cells in the residual HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a double immunohistochemical technique (Ki67 antibody to determine the proliferative activity and CD34 antibody to highlight the intratumoral endothelial cells), we performed immunohistochemical staining for 24 HCCs treated by transcatheter arterial embolization. Seven HCCs without any preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization and nine cirrhosis cases were also studied as the control cases. The residual tumour was then divided into five areas at 0.5 mm intervals, according to the distance from the necrotic margin induced by embolization. The Ki67 labelling indices of the intratumoral endothelial cells and tumour cells were counted in each area. The correlation between the indices and the corresponding distance from the ischaemic necrosis was analysed. The Ki67 labelling index of intratumoral vascular endothelial cells in the area less than 0.5 mm from the necrotic margin (area 1) was 10.60 +/- 3.64% (mean +/- SD), which was twofold greater than those of the other areas more than 0.5 mm from the margin (areas 2--5) and those of the control HCCs without preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization. In addition, the proliferation labelling index of the tumour cells was 35.77 +/- 11.45% (mean +/- SD) in area 1. This was higher than those of areas 2--5 and control HCCs without preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization. There was a positive correlation between the proliferation of both endothelial and tumour cells and ischaemic necrosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the proliferative activity of intratumoral endothelial cells and tumour cells is increased by ischaemic necrosis induced by transcatheter arterial embolization, and its effect is maximal in the area adjacent to the necrosis (less than 0.5 mm from the necrotic margin).     

Combined therapy of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization with intratumoral dendritic cell infusion for hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical safety

The curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), do not prevent tumour recurrence effectively. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies are believed to contribute to the eradication of the residual and recurrent tumour cells. The current study was designed to assess the safety and bioactivity of DC infusion into tumour tissues following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) for patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were differentiated into phenotypically confirmed DCs. Ten patients were administered autologous DCs through an arterial catheter during TAE treatment. Shortly thereafter, some HCC nodules were treated additionally to achieve the curative local therapeutic effects. There was no clinical or serological evidence of adverse events, including hepatic failure or autoimmune responses in any patients, in addition to those due to TAE. Following the infusion of (111)Indium-labelled DCs, DCs were detectable inside and around the HCC nodules for up to 17 days, and were associated with lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration. Interestingly, T lymphocyte responses were induced against peptides derived from the tumour antigens, Her-2/neu, MRP3, hTERT and AFP, 4 weeks after the infusion in some patients. The cumulative survival rates were not significantly changed by this strategy. These results demonstrate that transcatheter arterial DC infusion into tumour tissues following TAE treatment is feasible and safe for patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, the antigen-non-specific, immature DC infusion may induce immune responses to unprimed tumour antigens, providing a plausible strategy to enhance tumour immunity.     

部分脾栓塞在肝癌伴脾亢介入治疗中的应用

目的:对原发性肝癌(肝癌)伴脾功能亢进(脾亢)患者行部分脾栓塞,使其血细胞恢复正常,以便能进一步行肝动脉化疗。方法:对46例不能行手术切除、且血细胞明显低于正常的肝癌伴脾亢的患者行部分脾栓塞术,栓塞面积控制在50%-70%,栓塞前后测定血细胞数量,并作方差分析和t检验。结果:脾栓术后24小时、48小时、72小时、1周、2周、4周的血WBC和PLT均较栓塞前明显升高(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论:部分脾栓塞能治疗脾功能亢进,提高血细胞数量,使肝癌伴脾亢患者的肝动脉化疗能正常进行。     

子宫动脉插管栓塞在妇产科良性疾病应用进展

子宫动脉插管栓塞是治疗妇科及产科各种出血的有效方法之一。生殖道及盆腔出血传统的治疗方法是局部保守治疗失败后行双侧的髂内动脉或子宫动脉结扎术 ,对于子宫动脉结扎后仍有顽固性出血的病人 ,为了挽救病人的生命 ,则行子宫全切术 ,病人失去了再生育的机会。手术治疗的缺点包括髂内动脉结扎的失败率高 ,需全身麻醉 ,术后易有并发症如感染、出血及输尿管损伤。六十年代 ,诊断性血管造影术是用于胃肠道手术探查止血失败 ,以明确动脉出血病灶的部位 ,随后有了多种经皮穿刺治疗胃肠道出血的方法 ,包括动脉内注入血管收缩剂 ,Ｗｈｏｌｅｙ气囊…     

MRI评估肝细胞癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞术疗效的研究进展

目的 总结MRI评估肝细胞癌(HCC)患者经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后疗效的研究进展。方法 在中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和Embase数据库,以肝细胞癌、经导管动脉化疗栓塞、磁共振成像为关键词,检索1990年1月—2016年3月有关HCC患者TACE术后疗效评估的相关文献,进行分析总结。结果 MRI技术种类丰富,可进行平扫、增强扫描和各种功能成像,通过监测水扩散、血供、代谢和血氧水平等多种形式,评估HCC患者TACE术后疗效。但各种MR成像序列都有各自的优缺点,限制了其在临床上的广泛应用。结论 MRI在评价HCC患者TACE治疗效果方面具有重要的意义,多种成像序列联合使用效果会大大增加。随着相关研究的深入、技术的进步,MRI在评估HCC患者TACE术后疗效方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞-冷循环微波刀序贯治疗肝癌的临床应用研究

目的评价经肝动脉化疗栓塞-冷循环微波刀序贯治疗对肝癌的安全性和有效性。方法60例肝癌患者接受治疗,瘤块体积均大于5cm。其中仅27例瘤块为单个,其余33例为多个,但均不超过6个。所有病例均经过全面评价,均失去最佳手术切除时机。化疗栓塞采用经皮经肝动脉插管,1周后常规复查CT观察碘油沉积情况,如果肿瘤被栓塞不完全充分,则予冷循环微波刀治疗。结果中位随访期12个月(6～18个月),CT随访显示,128个肿瘤结节中,108个病灶(占84.3%)为完全坏死,16个病灶(占12.76%)为不完全坏死,4个(3.1%)病灶为部分坏死。其中44个原发癌灶中36完全坏死(占80.3%),16个转移癌灶中12个完全坏死(占75%)。结论经肝动脉化疗栓塞-冷循环微波刀序贯治疗肝癌效果良好,能明显使肿瘤缩小甚至消失,是一种微创、有效的治疗方法。     

介入栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床应用

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula，CCF)的临床应用价值。方法10例颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者，采用经皮股动脉径路，可脱球囊和电解可脱式铂金微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗。其中1例伴有颈外动脉海绵窦瘘患者，联合颈外动脉弹簧圈栓塞。结果10例CCF患者栓塞均获成功，其中7例栓塞后保持颈内动脉通畅，3例栓塞后同时栓闭同侧颈内动脉。本组无并发症发生。结论CCF的介入治疗创伤小，疗效好，是临床治疗的首选方法。     

Fine-needle aspiration of hepatocellular carcinoma: False-negative result due to epithelioid cells

The presence of epithelioid cells in fine-needle aspirations of a liver nodule is rare, but may complicate the diagnosis of the nodule. We report on a case of a liver nodule in hepatitis C cirrhosis. Results of fine-needle aspiration mainly revealed the presence of epithelioid cells, without any recognizable tumor cells. Histological examination of the nodule after surgical resection showed a hepatocellular carcinoma with numerous epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomas, without necrosis.     

Prolonged recurrence-free survival following OK432-stimulated dendritic cell transfer into hepatocellular carcinoma during transarterial embolization

Despite curative locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumour recurrence rates remain high. The current study was designed to assess the safety and bioactivity of infusion of dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated with OK432, a streptococcus‐derived anti‐cancer immunotherapeutic agent, into tumour tissues following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) treatment in patients with HCC. DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis and HCC in the presence of interleukin (IL)‐4 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and stimulated with 0·1 KE/ml OK432 for 2 days. Thirteen patients were administered with 5 × 10⁶ of DCs through arterial catheter during the procedures of TAE treatment on day 7. The immunomodulatory effects and clinical responses were evaluated in comparison with a group of 22 historical controls treated with TAE but without DC transfer. OK432 stimulation of immature DCs promoted their maturation towards cells with activated phenotypes, high expression of a homing receptor, fairly well‐preserved phagocytic capacity, greatly enhanced cytokine production and effective tumoricidal activity. Administration of OK432‐stimulated DCs to patients was found to be feasible and safe. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed prolonged recurrence‐free survival of patients treated in this manner compared with the historical controls (P = 0·046, log‐rank test). The bioactivity of the transferred DCs was reflected in higher serum concentrations of the cytokines IL‐9, IL‐15 and tumour necrosis factor‐α and the chemokines CCL4 and CCL11. Collectively, this study suggests that a DC‐based, active immunotherapeutic strategy in combination with locoregional treatments exerts beneficial anti‐tumour effects against liver cancer.