抗蝰蛇毒卵黄抗体的制备及其免疫特性研究

目的制备一种新的抗蝰蛇毒卵黄抗体，并研究其免疫特性。方法将产卵母鸡分为低剂量（A组）和高剂量（B组）免疫组。以甲醛减毒法制备的蝰蛇毒抗原免疫母鸡；以水稀释法联合硫酸铵沉淀和超滤法分离纯化卵黄抗体；总蛋白质通过改良Lowry法测定；以ELISA法测定卵黄抗体的效价、总卵黄抗体与特异抗体含量、交叉反应。结果低、高剂量组均诱导母鸡产生有效免疫应答。高剂量组免疫效价高于低剂量组（P〈0.05），高剂量组于免疫后约40d抗体效价达高峰，持续约4周；而低剂量组在免疫后约50d抗体效价达高峰，持续约2周。免疫过程中，两组总卵黄蛋白无显差异（P〉0．05），但高剂量组卵黄中平均特异性抗体（0．29±0．04）mg／ml明显高于低剂量组（0．21±0．03）mg／ml（P〈0．05）．制备的抗蝰蛇毒IgY与蝰蛇毒抗原具有较高特异性，但与五步蛇（54．3％）、蝮蛇（47．5％）及竹叶青蛇（43．1％）有明显交叉反应，与眼镜蛇（11．7％）有轻度的交叉反应。结论研究证实蝰毒抗原易诱导母鸡产生良好的免疫应答，并成功制备了抗蝰蛇毒的卵黄抗体，为蛇伤防治提供新的途径。     

pICln蛋白肽段血清抗体和单克隆抗体的制备

目的：探讨高质量蛋白抗体的制备，为蛋白质的研究提供有效的工具。 方法：用人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）免疫BALB/c小鼠制备其单克隆抗体（Mb）；以pICln蛋白的18肽为抗原对兔进行免疫注射制备血清抗体，用ELISA分别检测抗hCG的单克隆抗体腹水和pICln蛋白的肽段血清抗体的效价及特异性。 结果：肽段血清抗体在12 800倍稀释时也呈阳性反应且高特异性。 结论：从制备方法的复杂程度、抗体的效价及特异性等方面看，肽段血清抗体的制备是一种方便有效地制备蛋白质研究用抗体的方法。     

益气养阴方抗血管生成作用的实验研究

目的：探讨益气养阴方抗鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（Chick chorioa—llantoic membrane,CAM）血管及肿瘤细胞诱导CAM血管生成的效应。方法：制备CAM模型及接种肿瘤细胞的CAM模型,采用血清药理学方法制备含药血清。观察含药血清对CAM血管和肿瘤细胞诱导CAM血管生成的影响,并与生理盐水血清组对照。结果：益气养阴方含药血清可抑制CAM血管及肿瘤细胞诱导的CAM血管生成,各剂量含药血清组血管数目（高剂量组：9．662±0．599,中剂量组：9．682±0．818,低剂量组：10．242±0．640）与血管面积（高剂量组：8878．500±1870．115,中刺量组：9369．750±3206．427,低剂量组：11226．875±2665．071,mm^2）均较对照血清纽（10．511±0．990,12759．375±4379．058,mm^2）明显减少,与生理盐水对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：益气养阴方对血管生成有明显抑制作用。     

BioVue微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价分析

目的观察BioVue微柱凝胶法检查0型孕妇血清中IgG抗A（B）血型抗体效价的灵敏度和特异性。方法对216例0型血型孕妇先后采用微柱凝胶法和传统试管法测定孕妇血液的IgG抗体效价。结果采用凝胶法，216例孕妇中155例（71．8％）IgG抗A（B）效价≥64，62例（28．7％）≥128，8例（3．7％）≥256。传统试管法仅69例（32％）IgG抗A（B）效价≥64，22例（10％）抗体效价≥128，3例（1．4％）≥256。微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价显示IgG抗A明显高于IgG抗B，两者结果差异有统计学意义（t=2．76，P％0．05）。结论BioVue微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价快速、简单、准确，比试管法检测凝集强度高＋～＋＋，灵敏度和特异性优于传统试管法。     

纯化31/32kDa抗原诊断日本血吸虫病的价值

目的：探讨纯化31／32kDa抗原（Sj31／32）诊断日本血吸虫病的价值。方法：以纯化Sj31／32包板，与成虫粗抗原（AWA）相比较，ELISA法检测不同类型日本血吸虫病患者血清抗体滴度。结果：急性、慢性和晚期血吸虫病患者血清平均抗Sj31／32抗体滴度分别为2．77±0．25、2．67±0．30和2．46±0．19（P＜0．01），抗AWA抗体滴度分别为3．27±0．16、3．28±0．16和3．20±0．17（P＞0．05）。慢性血吸虫病患者血清抗Sj31／32抗体滴度与EPG有高度的相关性（r＝0．93），明显高于抗AWA抗体与EPG的相关性（r＝0．45）。结论：利用纯化Sj31／32诊断血吸虫病能较好地区分各种感染类型和不同感染度。     

几种海洋生物多糖对疫苗免疫效果的影响比较

目的：探讨羊栖菜岩藻聚糖硫酸酯、珠母贝糖胺聚糖、乌贼墨肽聚糖等粉剂和注射液的免疫增强作用。方法：分别用3种多糖的粉剂和注射液饲喂和注射试验鸡。经鸡新城疫（ND）油乳剂疫苗免疫后,在第7、14、21天分别采集静脉血分离血清,采用J8微量血凝抑制试验（HI）检测NDHI抗体效价。结果：在饲喂多糖实验中,免疫后14d,肽聚糖组、岩藻聚糖组鸡NDHI抗体效价显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;免疫后21d,岩藻聚糖组鸡NDHI抗体效价显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。在注射多糖实验中,疫苗免疫后14、21d,岩藻聚糖50mg／妇体质量组NDHI抗体效价显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;免疫后7、14、21d,岩藻聚糖100mg／kg体质量组NDHI抗体效价显著、极显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：饲喂和注射实验显示,在3种多糖中,岩藻聚糖具有显著的免疫增强作用,且起效较快,维持的时间较长。     

淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶研究

目的：了解淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性及β－内酰胺酶的产生情况。方法：对门诊1998－2001年分离的602株淋病奈瑟菌进行14种抗菌药物的耐药性分析，同时检测β－内酰胺酶。结果：药敏试验结果显示：头孢噻肟（Cefotaxime,CTX)和原始霉素（Pristinomycin,PRI)的耐药率分别为4．65％和4．98％，而甲氧苄氨嘧啶（Trimethoprim,TMP)的耐率94．52％。602株淋病奈瑟菌中β－内酰胺酶淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）占38．87％，抗四环素淋病奈瑟菌（TRNG）占16．44％。结论：头孢噻肟和原始霉素应作为本地区目前临床治疗淋病奈瑟菌感染的首选药物。     

灵芝多糖对辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用

目的：辐射可引起多种组织器官的损伤。文中旨在探讨灵芝多糖对受60 Coγ射线损伤小鼠的辐射防护作用,为灵芝多糖的临床应用提供实验依据。方法采用大剂量60 Coγ射线全身照射雌性小鼠,制成放射损伤动物模型。小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、灌胃对照组、辐射对照组、灵芝多糖高剂量保护组、灵芝多糖低剂量保护组。灵芝多糖保护组小鼠在照射前3 d及照射后,以不同剂量的灵芝多糖连续灌胃14 d。观察受致死剂量60 Coγ射线照射小鼠的30 d存活率及生存时间长短。同时,检测用药后外周血指标、脾指数、血清超氧化物歧化酶（ superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性的变化。结果实验结束时,灵芝多糖组小鼠的30 d生存期[（23．7±6．8）、（28．3±5．9）d]显著高于辐射对照组[（18．3±5．4）d],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;灵芝多糖组小鼠的外周血WBC[（2．89±0．67）×109／L、（2．77±0．72）×109／L]显著高于辐射对照组[（2．54±0．63）×109／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且灵芝多糖组PLT 数[（487．20±165．77）×109／L、（716．36±223．44）×109／L]显著高于辐射对照组[（387．45±154．22）×109／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;灵芝多糖高剂量组脾指数显著高于辐射对照组[（0．0054±0．0021） vs （0．0032±0．0007）, P ＜0．05）];灵芝多糖组小鼠的血清 SOD 含量[（401．27±35．26）、（369．02±29．70）U／mL]明显高于辐射对照组[（311．32±23．71）U／mL],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）结论灵芝多糖具有较强的抗辐射作用,能显著提高受致死剂量60 Coγ射线照射小鼠的存活率,降低辐射对小鼠外周血WBC和PLT的损伤作用,并提高SOD活性,其具体作用机制有待进一步深入研究。     

抗钩虫特异性卵黄抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 制备并鉴定特异性抗十二指肠钩虫鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY),为分析抗钩虫IgY抗体的作用奠定基础.方法 制备十二指肠钩虫成虫粗抗原,经皮下和肌肉注射免疫25周产蛋海兰母鸡3次,每只鸡每次的免疫剂量为200 μg,初次免疫后28 d进行加强免疫,加强免疫间隔时间为10 d.水稀释法提取卵黄中的IgY,盐析、透析法纯化IgY,BCA法测定蛋白含量,并进行十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和Western blot分析.ELISA法动态检测抗体效价,观察抗体效价变化.结果 免疫后55 d的每个鸡蛋能提取40~55 mg IgY,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,纯化的IgY有2条主带,分子量分别是35 ku和60 ku,即IgY的轻链和重链.初次免疫后10 d左右出现抗体,至免疫后50~55 d为高峰,效价达到1 ∶ 10 000以上.IgY与人血清抗体均可识别30 ku处钩虫抗原.结论 十二指肠钩虫成虫粗抗原免疫的海兰母鸡能产生高浓度、高效价、特异性的IgY抗体,为分析抗钩虫IgY抗体的作用奠定了基础.     

枸杞多糖对力竭游泳运动小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察枸杞多糖（LBP）对力竭游泳运动小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：选雄性昆明小鼠116只。分组观察LBP对小鼠免疫器官重量,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率、抗体效价、耳肿指数、血清溶菌酶含量、血液SOD活性的影响。结果：灌服不同剂量LBP组小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数、抗体效价、耳肿指数、血清溶菌酶含量、血液SOD活性等均高于力竭游泳运动组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：LBP可以增强力竭游泳运动小鼠的免疫功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.