中老年女性家务劳动与恶性肿瘤关系的横断面研究

目的：探讨上海市区中老年妇女的家务劳动与恶性肿瘤的关系。方法：对上海市女性健康队列基线资料中共74942名中老年妇女的家务劳动进行了简单描述，并对家务劳动与恶性肿瘤的关系进行了logistic回归分析。结果：研究对象平均每周花费14h进行家务劳动，其中68．3％的对象表示担任家庭中大部分的家务劳动。家务劳动的活动量达到全部非职业性体力活动总量的1／4。家务劳动活动量与乳腺癌、直肠癌、卵巢癌和肺癌的患病率均呈负相关，OR分别为0．79（95％CI：0．73，0．87），0．53（95％CI：0．42，0．70），0．71（95％CI：0．55，0．95）和0．52（95％CI：0．36，0．73），根据活动量分层后显示有明显的剂量反应关系（趋势检验P≤0．05）。家务劳动与结肠癌和子宫内膜癌的OR分别为0．85（95％CI：0．68．1．05）和1．03（95％CI：0．79，1．33）。结论：家务劳动是中老年女性日常体力活动的主要组成部分，并与乳腺癌等一些常见恶性肿瘤的患病率呈负相关。     

The relationship between animal fat intake,cigarette smoking,and lung cancer

An international ecologic study on the relationship between fat intake, cigarette consumption, and age-specific lung cancer mortality rates was conducted using data obtained from 29 countries. The 1969–71 and 1984–86 mortality rates for lung cancer were related to smoking habits and to levels of animal fat intake. Highly significant independent positive correlations for lung cancer with both cigarette smoking and animal fat consumption were seen. No significant independent relationship was found between lung cancer mortality and vegetable fat consumption. In a multiple regression analysis linking lung cancer mortality to dietary intake of animal fat, cigarette smoking, and the interaction term between cigarette smoking and animal fat intake, only the latter term was significant (P<0.001) pointing fowards a role for animal fat as a promoter of lung cancer.This study was supported in part by the Association Against Cancer (Vereniging voor Kankerbestrijding).     

The relationship between animal fat intake,cigarette smoking,and lung cancer

Letter to the Editor

The relationship between animal fat intake, cigarette smoking, and lung cancerJ. X. Xie, E. Lesaffre, H. Kesteloot. March, 1991 (2:2)     

Dietary fat intake and liver cancer risk: A prospective cohort study in Chinese women

Objective:This study aimed to determine whether dietary fat intake increased liver cancer risk in Chinese women from a prospective population-based cohort.Methods:A total of 72,704 Chinese women were followed up from the time of baseline recruitment (1996–2000) to the end of 2016. Dietary fat intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The Cox regression model was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dietary fat intake and liver cancer risk.Results:We identified 252 incident liver cancer cases out of 1,267,845 person-years during the overall follow-up time. Null associations, neither in quartiles nor per standard deviation (SD) increment, were detected between liver cancer risk and dietary total fat, fat subtypes and subtype ratios, and food sources. The HR (95% CI) of the 1-SD increment was 1.03 (0.90–1.17) for total fat, 1.06 (0.93–1.20) for saturated fat, 1.06 (0.93–1.21) for monounsaturated fat, and 1.00 (0.89–1.13) for polyunsaturated fat. Similar null associations were observed in stratification analyses according to body mass index and menopausal status.Conclusions:In our prospective cohort study, no significant association was observed in Chinese women between dietary fat and liver cancer risk, and in stratification and sensitivity analyses.     

上海市成人男女性身高与恶性肿瘤发病的前瞻性队列研究

目的:探讨上海市成人男女性身高与常见恶性肿瘤发生的相关性。方法:利用1996-2000年上海市女性健康队列(Shanghai women’s health study,SWHS)和2002—2006年上海市男性健康队列(Shanghai men’s health study,SMHS)基线调查资料获得身高和肿瘤相关信息,排除身高数据缺失和随访时间<1年的对象,最终女性队列74709人、男性队列61161人纳入本次数据分析对象。随访至2009年底,女性队列累积收集肿瘤病例4031例,男性队列累积收集肿瘤病例2047例。用COX回归模型估计身高与常见肿瘤的相对风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及其95%可信区间(95% confidence interval,95%CI)。结果:调整相关潜在混杂因子[如年龄、体重、体力活动、能量摄入、职业、经济收入和生理因素(仅对女性)等]后,身高每增加1个标准差单位(本研究中男、女性都为6cm),女性总肿瘤发生的HR值为1.04(95%CI:1.00～1.08),其中胃癌HR值为1.18(95%CI:1.05～1.33)、肾癌HR值为1.34(95%CI:1.06～1.70)、乳腺癌HR值为1.05(95%CI:0.99～1.12);男性总肿瘤发生的HR值为1.06(95%CI:1.00～1.11),其中肺癌HR值为1.11(95%CI:1.00～1.25)、胰腺癌HR值为1.34(95%CI:1.02～1.75)、直肠癌HR值为1.23(95%CI:1.01～1.49)、前列腺癌HR值为0.78(95%CI:0.66～0.94)。结论:身高与恶性肿瘤发病之间存在一定的联系,不同的肿瘤发生部位,其结果可能存在一定差异。     

Dietary fat intake and endogenous sex steroid hormone levels in postmenopausal women.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between plasma levels of reproductive sex steroid hormones in postmenopausal women and their reported fat intake. METHODS: We measured plasma sex steroid hormones levels in plasma collected in 1989 and 1990 from 381 healthy postmenopausal women. For each woman, we measured fat intake in 1986 and 1990 by a food-frequency questionnaire. The cross-sectional associations between the percentage of energy from total and specific types of dietary fat intake and plasma hormone levels were assessed by linear regression, controlling for energy intake, obesity, and protein intake. RESULTS: The plasma estradiol level was 4.3% lower (95% confidence limits, -8.3%, -0.2%) for a substitution of 5% of energy from fat intake for an equivalent amount of energy from carbohydrate when adjusted for obesity and other covariates. Estradiol was also inversely associated with all other fat types except trans fat; the inverse associations with vegetable fat and marine omega-3 fats were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We observed an inverse association between total fat intake averaged over 4 to 5 years and estradiol levels. This result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that fat intake predisposes to breast cancer risk by raising endogenous estrogen levels.     

Dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancers in Japanese women

A meta‐analysis published in 2015 noted a marginally increased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers in non‐smoking women with dietary acrylamide intake, but only a few studies were included, and they were limited to Western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary acrylamide intake and endometrial or ovarian cancer risk in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study (JPHC Study). In this prospective cohort study, 47 185 participants aged 45‐74 years at the follow‐up starting point in the JPHC Study were enrolled. Dietary acrylamide intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In participants with endometrial and ovarian cancer, the average follow‐up periods were 15.5 and 15.6 years, respectively, and 161 and 122 cases of endometrial and ovarian cancer were diagnosed, respectively. Energy‐adjusted dietary acrylamide intake was negatively associated with endometrial cancer, but the association disappeared after adjusting for coffee consumption with an adjusted HR for the highest vs lowest tertile of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.54‐1.33). No association was observed, however, for ovarian cancer (adjusted HR, 0.77; 95%CI: 0.49‐1.23). Furthermore, after stratifying by smoking status, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and menopause status, no association was observed. Dietary acrylamide intake was not associated with the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer in Japanese women with a relatively lower dietary intake of acrylamide compared with Western populations.     

乳腺癌组织核蛋白1/p8表达临床意义及其与分子分型的关系

目的 核蛋白1/p8(nuclear protein 1/p8,nupr1/p8)作为转录调节因子,在多种肿瘤中的表达发生了变化.本研究旨在研究乳腺癌组织中nupr1/p8的表达情况,及nupr1/p8的表达与乳腺癌分子分型、临床病理特征的关系及其意义.方法 采用免疫组化法检测河北大学附属医院乳腺科2008-01-01-2012-12-01收治的93例乳腺癌组织中nupr1/p8的表达情况,收集同期该院30例非典型导管增生组织和20例良性乳腺病变为对照组,并分析其表达与乳腺癌临床病理学特征(包括肿瘤分级、病理学分期、淋巴结转移、分子分型等)的关系.结果 乳腺癌组织中nupr1/p8表达率为63.4％(59/93),显著高于对照组20.0％(10/50),差异有统计学意义,x2=24.57,P＜0.001;浸润性乳腺癌组织中nupr1/p8表达与淋巴结转移(x2=7.75,P=0.005)及分期(x2=33.08,P＜0.001)有关.淋巴结转移阳性组nupr1/p8高表达率为75.6％(34/45),显著高于淋巴结阴性组43.2％(16/37);Ⅲ期乳腺癌nupr1/p8高表达率为82.6％(19/23),显著高于Ⅰ期55.6％(10/18,x2 =4.24,P=0.039)及Ⅱ期51.2％(21/41),x2 =6.19,P=0.013.不同分子分型的浸润性乳腺癌淋巴结转移率不同,x2 =13.59,P=0.004.人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER2)型淋巴结转移率为70.6％(12/17),显著高于Luminal A型41.7％(15/36),x2=3.86,P=0.049;不同分子分型的乳腺癌nupr1/p8高表达率不同,x2=10.09,P=0.018.三阴性型nupr1/p8高表达率为83.3％(15/18),显著高于Luminal A型47.2％(17/36,x2=6.29,P=0.012)及Luminal B型45.5％(5/11,x2=4.58,P=0.032),HER2型nupr1/p8高表达率为76.5％(13/17),显著高于Luminal A型,x2=4.02,P=0.044.Nupr1/p8的表达与不同月经状态、组织学类型、组织学分级及肿瘤大小无关,均P＞0.05.结论 nupr1/p8在乳腺癌组织中高表达率升高,提示它在乳腺癌发展中可能起重要作用;在肿瘤进展期,nupr1/p8高表达与淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期呈正相关,且与分子分型及预后不良相关,推测nupr1/p8在肿瘤的预后判断中可能为独立因素,检测nupr1/p8的表达水平可能作为乳腺癌预后判断的有用指标.     

SEPT 9基因与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展SEPT 9基因与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展

EPT 9是与细胞分裂相关的septin基因家族成员之一,广泛分布于除植物以外的真核细胞。它参与细胞分裂、细胞极化、囊泡运输和细胞膜重构等重要生物过程,并与肿瘤的发生发展直接相关。近年来,SEPT 9与恶性肿瘤关系的研究逐步成为肿瘤领域的新热点,并且越来越多的报道表明SEPT 9在恶性肿瘤发生发展中发挥着重要作用。本文对SEPT 9的结构特征、与恶性肿瘤之间的关系以及其对恶性肿瘤筛查和早期诊断的诊断价值及相关研究作一综述。