中老年女性家务劳动与恶性肿瘤关系的横断面研究

目的：探讨上海市区中老年妇女的家务劳动与恶性肿瘤的关系。方法：对上海市女性健康队列基线资料中共74942名中老年妇女的家务劳动进行了简单描述，并对家务劳动与恶性肿瘤的关系进行了logistic回归分析。结果：研究对象平均每周花费14h进行家务劳动，其中68．3％的对象表示担任家庭中大部分的家务劳动。家务劳动的活动量达到全部非职业性体力活动总量的1／4。家务劳动活动量与乳腺癌、直肠癌、卵巢癌和肺癌的患病率均呈负相关，OR分别为0．79（95％CI：0．73，0．87），0．53（95％CI：0．42，0．70），0．71（95％CI：0．55，0．95）和0．52（95％CI：0．36，0．73），根据活动量分层后显示有明显的剂量反应关系（趋势检验P≤0．05）。家务劳动与结肠癌和子宫内膜癌的OR分别为0．85（95％CI：0．68．1．05）和1．03（95％CI：0．79，1．33）。结论：家务劳动是中老年女性日常体力活动的主要组成部分，并与乳腺癌等一些常见恶性肿瘤的患病率呈负相关。     

膳食维生素D摄入与非小细胞肺癌发病风险的病例对照研究

目的 已有研究显示,维生素D(Vitmin D,Vit D)与多种肿瘤发病相关,而膳食摄入是人体获得Vit D的重要途径,本研究采用病例对照研究及膳食调查法探讨膳食Vit D摄入对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)发病风险的影响.方法 采用1∶1配对病例对照研究方法,选择2014-12 15-2015-03-28青岛大学附属医院(58例)和青岛大学附属海慈医院(116例)及平度市中医医院(26例)确诊的200例NSCLC患者,选取同时期3家医院健康体检中心性别、年龄(±3岁)匹配的200名健康查体者为对照,通过包含79条项目的食物频率问卷(food frequency question-naire,FFQ)调查研究对象既往1年膳食Vit D摄入情况.条件Logistic回归分析Vit D摄入量对NSCLC发病风险的影响,X2趋势检验分析两者之间的剂量-反应关系.结果 病例组和对照组膳食Vit D日平均摄入量分别为(5.41±1.19) μg和(7.53±1.58) μg,差异有统计学意义,Z=3.87,P＜0.001.单因素条件logistic回归分析显示,与Vit D摄入量最低四分位组(Vit D摄入量＜4 μg/d)相比,第2分位组(Vit D摄入量4～7μg/d)的OR(95％CI)值为0.67(0.37～1.18)、第3分位组(Vit D摄入量7～10 μg/d)OR(95％CI)值为0.56(0.32～0.97)、第4分位组(Vit D摄入量＞10 μg/d)OR(95 ％CI)值为0.48(0.27～0.85),随着膳食Vit D日平均摄入量的增加,NSCLC发病的OR值逐渐下降,两者之间存在剂量-反应关系,X2 =45.28,P＜0.001.在校正体质指数、教育程度、家庭收入、肿瘤家族史、户外活动、吸烟、被动吸烟、接受饮食健康指导、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E及硒的日平均摄入量后,上述负性关联仍然存在,与VitD摄入量最低四分位组相比,第2分位组调整OR(95％ CI)值为0.71(0.43～0.94)、第3分位组调整OR(95％CI)值为0.54(0.34～0.71)、第4分位组调整OR(95％ CI)值为0.39(0.24～0.64).结论 膳食Vit D摄入不足增加NSCLC发病风险.     

ERcodon325、PR＋331G／A与乳腺癌关系的病例对照研究

目的:研究雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER )codon 325、孕激素受体(progestin receptor, PR ) 331 G/A 基因与乳腺癌的关系以及它们与环境危险因素对乳腺癌的联合作用 .方法:采用病例对照研究的方法,收集206例乳腺癌新发病例, 按年龄频数(±3岁)匹配214例健康对照女性.采用结构式调查表收集研究对象的流行病学资料,并采集3 mL静脉血.应用荧光定量PCR法检测 ER codon 325、 PR 331 G/A 的基因型.结果:与 CC 相比, ER codon 325位点 CG 和 GG 基因型的调整 OR 分别为0.99(95% CI :0.61～1.61)和1.13(95% CI :0.62～2.04);与 GA 相比, PR 331 G/A 位点 GG 基因型的调整 OR 为1.51 (95% CI :0.74～3.07),未发现有增加乳腺癌危险的联合作用(趋势检验: P =0.409 0);与无自然流产史且 ER codon 325位点携带 CC 基因型的妇女相比,有自然流产史且携带 CG 和 GG 基因型的妇女 OR 为3.57(95% CI :1.21～10.52),相加模型检验接近有统计学意义( S =3.06, AP =0.97, u =1.898 1, P =0.058 8).结论: ER codon 325、 PR 331 G/A 单基因多态性可能与乳腺癌发病风险无关, ER codon 325多态性与自然流产史具有增加乳腺癌危险的联合作用趋势.     

淡水鱼摄取对女性乳腺癌发病风险影响研究

目的 研究5种淡水鱼(青鱼、鲫鱼、黄鳝、鳊鱼和鲢鱼)摄取对女性乳腺癌发病风险的影响.方法 采用病例-对照研究方法,于2004-06-01-2007-12-31在江苏省泰兴、无锡、淮安和金坛市,采用包括83个饮食项目的定量问卷表调查669例乳腺癌患者和682名健康对照的饮食状况.采用非条件Logistic回归方法分析乳腺癌的发病风险(OR)及其95％可信限(95％CI).结果 5种鱼类合计分析显示,淡水鱼摄取降低了乳腺癌的发病风险,但无剂量-反应关系.不同种类淡水鱼分析显示,青鱼和鲢鱼的摄取量与乳腺癌的发病风险负相关,与不吃青鱼组相比,月摄取量≥500 g组的调整OR为0.54,95％CI:0.33～0.92,P＜0.001;与不吃鲢鱼组相比,月摄取量≥1 000 g组的调整OR为0.19,95％CI:0.11～0.33,P＜0.001.黄鳝的摄取量也与乳腺癌的发病风险负相关,P＜0.001;但其最高摄取量组(≥500 g/月)的调整OR值差异无统计学意义.而鲫鱼的摄取量与乳腺癌的发病风险正相关,与不吃鲫鱼组相比,月摄取量≥1 000 g组的调整OR为6.09,95％CI:3.04～12.19,P＜0.001.鳊鱼的月摄取量与乳腺癌的发病风险无相关性,但月摄取量在1～499 g和500～999 g组的OR显著降低,而月摄取量≥1 000 g组的OR明显升高.结论 淡水鱼摄取影响乳腺癌的发病风险,不同种类的淡水鱼及其摄取量对乳腺癌发病风险的影响有所不同.     

自体脂肪移植在乳腺癌术后乳房重建中肿瘤学安全性的Meta分析

目的评价乳腺癌术后乳房重建患者行自体脂肪移植的肿瘤学安全性。 方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、中国知网、万方及维普数据库，收集截止至2018年5月所有已发表的队列研究，由2位评价员独立完成文献筛选和数据提取，并运用改良纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)系统评价文献质量。采用比值比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)为效应量，使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终纳入符合标准的文献13篇，总样本量8 466例患者，其中乳房重建过程应用脂肪移植者(AFG组)1 963例，未应用脂肪移植者(NFG组)6 503例。NOS评价结果显示，所有纳入文献质量均较高(评分为6～9分)。Meta分析显示：AFG组总复发病例数为88例(4.5%，88/1 963)，NFG组总复发病例数为455例(7.0%，455/6 503)，AFG组乳腺癌复发率明显低于NFG组(OR＝0.73，95%CI：0.57～0.95，P＝0.02)；脂肪移植对乳腺癌的局部复发率、区域复发率及远处复发率均无显著影响(OR＝1.06，95%CI：0.60～1.88，P＝0.84；OR＝0.89，95%CI：0.32～2.48，P＝0.83；OR＝0.36，95%CI：0.10～1.28，P＝0.11)。亚组分析显示：在DCIS或浸润性癌患者中，脂肪移植对乳腺癌复发率无显著影响(OR＝1.16，95%CI：0.05～26.91，P＝0.93；OR＝0.68，95%CI：0.40～1.16，P＝0.16)；在行保留乳房术或乳房全切手术的患者中，脂肪移植对乳腺癌复发率亦无显著影响(OR＝0.36，95%CI：0.08～1.66，P＝0.19；OR＝0.64，95%CI：0.33～1.26，P＝0.19)。 结论基于1965年1月至2018年5月相关临床队列研究的综合分析，自体脂肪移植是安全的，且其乳腺癌复发风险较低。     

B7-H4基因多态性与黑龙江省乳腺癌易感性的研究

 目的　探讨B7-H4基因 rs10754339、rs10801935和rs3738414等SNP位点多态性与黑龙江省妇女乳腺癌发病风险的相关性。方法　利用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术,对287例黑龙江省汉族女性乳腺癌患者和305名健康对照者进行B7-H4基因位点多态性检测,并确定常见单体型（频率≥1 %）,分析患者与健康对照差异,进而确定该基因与黑龙江省汉族妇女乳腺癌的相关性。结果　B7-H4基因3'-UTR区rs10754339位点的G等位基因、AA、AG基因型发生频率在乳腺癌组和健康对照组间差异有统计学意义（P＝0.030,OR 1.359,95 % CI 1.030～1.794;P＝0.018,OR 0.671,95 % CI 0.482～0.935;P＝0.029,OR 1.455,95 % CI 1.038～2.038）。5'-UTR区rs3738414位点的A等位基因、GG基因型和AG基因型发生频率在乳腺癌患者和健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P＝0.0008,OR 0.604,95 % CI 0.455～0.803;P＝0.001,OR 1.804,95 % CI 1.289～2.253;P＝0.005,OR 0.612,95 % CI 0.435～0.862）。AAA单体型和GAG单体型发生频率在乳腺癌患者和健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P＝0.0015,OR 0.614,95 % CI 0.456～0.828;P＝0.0003,OR 1.954,95 % CI 1.363～2.803）。结论　B7-H4基因多态性与黑龙江省汉族妇女乳腺癌发病存在一定相关性。     

胰岛素水平升高及脂类代谢紊乱与乳腺癌发生的相关性

目的 探讨血清胰岛素水平升高、脂类代谢紊乱与乳腺癌发生的相关性,为乳腺癌的防治寻找科学依据.方法 收集术前乳腺癌患者血清90例,乳腺良性疾病患者40例,健康对照100例.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清胰岛素水平,放射免疫分析法测定血清瘦素,全自动生化分析仪测定血脂水平.采用SPSS10.0软件包进行t检验、方差、相关、Logistic回归分析等统计学处理.结果 乳腺癌组血清胰岛素、瘦素和甘油三酯(TG)水平与乳腺良性疾病组和健康对照组比较明显升高,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).乳腺癌组和乳腺良性疾病及健康对照组绝经前后血清胰岛素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);乳腺癌组未发生淋巴转移与发生转移的血清胰岛素水平进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.642).乳腺癌组血清胰岛素水平与体质指数(BMI)无相关性(r=0.164,P＞0.05),胰岛素水平的升高独立于饮食及其他已知的乳腺癌危险因素.Logistic回归分析显示:胰岛素、瘦素、TG及HDL与乳腺癌发生有一定的相关性(OR=1.120、95% CI 1.017～1.209;OR=1.117、95%CI1.046～1.193;OR=1.879、95% CI1.148～3.076和OR=0.035、95%CI0.007～0.162).结论 血清胰岛素、瘦素和TG水平增高可能是导致乳腺癌发生的危险因素,而HDL水平升高可能对乳腺癌的发生有保护作用.     

女性乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

[目的]探讨江苏女性乳腺癌的危险因素。[方法]用病例对照研究的方法,对经病理确诊的206例乳腺癌患者及经年龄频数匹配（±2．5岁）214例对照资料进行非条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]被动吸烟（OR=2．21,95％CI：1．32～3．701、自然流产史（OR=1．71,95％CI：0．65—4．55）、口服避孕药服用史（OR=3．70,95％CI：2．00～6．82）、有良性乳腺疾病史（OR=2．69,95％CI：1．66～4．36）、肥猪肉（OR=2．39,95％CI：1．34～4．28）及腌制类食品年摄入量高（OR=4．71,95％CI：2．91～7．60）、轻体力活动职业（OR=6．29,95％CI：2．95～13．42）可能是女性乳腺癌发生的危险因素。而经常参加体育锻炼（OR=0．44,95％CI：0．26～0．74）、月经初潮年龄晚（OR=0．19,95％CI：0．06—0．65）、鲜奶（0R=0．32,95％CI：0．20～0．511、新鲜豆类（0R=0．07,95％CI：0．04—0．13）和水果年摄入量高（OR=0．30,95％CI：0．18—0．48）则降低乳腺癌发生的风险。[结论]减少口服避孕药、肥猪肉及腌制类食品的摄入,增加新鲜水果、新鲜豆类摄入,加强体育锻炼,对患有良性乳腺疾病的妇女加强体检。加大乳腺癌预防及健康宣教工作可预防乳腺癌的发生。     

新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市市区女性乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市市区女性乳腺癌的危险因素.方法 用病例对照研究方法调查129例女性乳腺癌和对应的129名对照者,用Logistic回归模型进行乳腺癌危险因素分析.结果 乳腺癌的危险因素有乳腺癌家族史(OR=2.744,95％CI=1.884～4.674)、乳腺增生症(OR=1.423,95％CI=1.160～ 1.810)、乳腺炎(OR=2.363,95％CI=2.039～3.934)、子宫肌瘤(OR=1.623,95％CI=1.263～2.024)、人工流产(OR=1.723,95％CI=1.143 ～2.600)、饮酒(OR=1.243,95％CI=1.040 ～ 1.483)、精神创伤(OR=2.184,95％CI=1.753 ～ 3.025)、长期接触电离辐射(OR=1.374,95％CI=1.152～1.699);保护因素有初潮年龄增大(OR =0.773,95％CI=0.674～ 0.956)、累计哺乳时间长(OR=0.672,95％CI=0.480～ 0.941)、坚持运动(OR=0.572,95％CI=0.391 ～0.837).结论 以上1 1个因素为克拉玛依市市区女性乳腺癌重要的影响因素.     

8q24rs13281615单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的Meta分析

目的:探讨8q24 rs13281615单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与乳腺癌发病风险的关系.方法:检索PubMed、Medline、Embase、中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和万方数字化期刊等中英文数据库.以乳腺癌病例组和对照组人群基因型分布计算粗比值比(odds ratios,OR)和95％可信区间(95％ confidence interval,CI),采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析和文献偏倚的评估.结果:共纳入7篇研究文献,累积病例22 128例,累积对照29 276例.采用随机效应模型,与野生纯合子(AA)相比,携带杂合子(AG)和突变纯合子(GG)的妇女发生乳腺癌的合并风险上升(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.04～1.25),尤其是欧洲妇女乳腺癌的发病风险增加(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.02～1.28).结论:8q24 rs13281615的G等位基因型可能会增加乳腺癌的发病风险.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.