非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植治疗高危冠心病的评价

背景：非体外与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植是治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的外科学方法,但目前尚无二者对高危冠心病患者疗效比较的系统评价。 目的：通过Meta分析评价非体外与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植对高危冠心病患者围手术期的疗效和安全性差异。 方法：计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库和Cochrane Library(2012年第8期),并辅以检索相关文献的参考文献,语种限制为中文和英文,检索时间为1993年1月至2012年6月。严格按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选研究。由2位评价员独立对纳入的研究进行质量评价与提取资料并交叉核对,最后将提取的资料用RevMan 5.1软件进行数据处理与分析。 结果与结论：共纳入16个研究包括2个随机对照试验与14个观察性研究;共6 441例患者,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植组2 948例患者,常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组3 493例患者。Meta 分析结果显示：非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植比较,在围手术期脑卒中、主动脉内球囊反搏使用、再发心肌梗死、呼吸功能不全与死亡率,呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间、住院时间,输血量及术后引流量方面的差异均有显著性意义,而在房颤、急性肾功能损伤、伤口感染及二次开胸率方面的差异均无显著性意义。结果提示,在围手术期方面与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植相比,对高危冠心病患者采用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植是安全有效的,且具有创伤少,手术死亡率低,术后恢复快,术后并发症少的优点,但是由于纳入文献数量有限且大多为非随机对照试验,因此非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植并不能取代常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植,其具体疗效与中远期疗效需要进一步通过更高质量、大样本量、多中心的随机双盲对照试验研究及长期的观察才能得出肯定的结论。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中血流动力学和氧供需变化及麻醉处理

目的 观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中处理三支主要冠状动脉分支引起的血流动力学和氧供需改变，并对原因作初步分析，为麻醉处理提供依据。方法 选择我院2004年1月-2005年12月择期行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路秽植术符合标准的60倒病人。手术开始后，记录以下5点的血流动力学数值：（1）开胸始；（2）暴露和固定前降支后；（3）暴露和固定左回旋支冠状动脉后；（4）暴露和固定右冠状动脉后；（5）术毕。记录（1），（4），（5）点血气。结果 血流动力学发生了明显的改变，平均动脉血压、心指数下降，而心率、中心静脉压升高，平均肺动昧压、肺动脉楔压升高。动脉血气改变，动脉血乳酸水平升高。结论 本组病人行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植时，血流动力学发生了变化，经及时处理完成手术。氧供逐渐减少，氧耗量没有明显的改变，氧代谢紊乱及缺氧程度较轻。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期护理

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术是在全麻、常温、胸骨正中切口心脏跳动下进行的手术。我院2001年12月率先在我市开展了这项手术，现将围手术期护理总结如下。     

395例体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的总结分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心病的疗效和经验。方法 2002年1月至2012年12月我们完成CABG有395例,其中男299例,女96例,平均年龄62.3岁,均在中低温体外循环下完成手术,其中18例同期行室壁瘤切除术。结果本组平均搭桥3.2支。体外循环时间62~170 min,平均88 min,主动脉阻断时间25~102 min,平均68 min。术后机械通气时间12~72 h,平均18 h。围手术期死亡8例,死亡率2.0%,其中多器官功能衰竭6例,术后发生室颤抢救无效死亡1例,围术期急性心肌梗死1例。心功能均明显改善,195例心绞痛症状完全缓解,85例症状较前减轻。随访280例,随访时间8个月至11年,远期死亡5例,死亡原因不明。结论常规中低温体外循环下CABG是治疗冠心病安全、有效的方法。     

冠状动脉旁路移植治疗冠状动脉肌桥9例分析

目的回顾冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗症状性肌桥的外科治疗经验及结果。方法选取2004年3月至2011年1月因冠状动脉肌桥导致冠状幼脉血流堵塞需行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者资料9例,采用胸廊内动脉到前降支进行旁路移植,2例取大隐静脉与其他病变冠状动脉进行旁路移植。结果全组无患者死亡,无术中相关并发症发生。所有患者随访4个月至7年,临床症状均明显改善,无心绞痛发生,无心肌梗死及其他主要心血管不良事件（再血管化或死亡等）发生。结论冠状动脉旁路移植治疗有症状的肌桥安全、有效。     

CT血管造影分析体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后的桥血管通畅率

背景：近年来,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后桥血管通畅率是否与传统的体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植相同存在争议。 目的：探讨体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后桥血管时间通畅率的差异性。 方法：选取同一操作者行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者100例,按其临床特征及桥血管病变危险因素匹配抽取非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者137例。采用64排多螺旋CT血管造影分析冠脉搭桥后1个月,1年,2年,3年,4年的桥血管通畅情况。 结果与结论：共对641条桥血管进行评价,两组中左侧乳内动脉桥血管时间通畅率均高于大隐静脉桥,两组左侧乳内动脉桥和大隐静脉桥血管时间通畅率比较差异均无显著性意义。说明非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后患者桥血管时间通畅率相似,对于某些适当的患者来说,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植不失为一个良好的选择。     

实验性红细胞聚集对血液粘度调节的影响

目的:主要探讨红细胞聚集性在血液粘度调节作用的影响。方法:将大白兔分两组:对照组(n=10),实验组(n= 10),向动物体内注射可引起红细胞聚集性高分子右旋糖苷注射液,并观察血流变学指标变化。结果:实验组与对照组静脉注射高分子右旋糖苷后,全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞沉降率均有显著变化p<0．01。结论:红细胞聚集性参与血液粘度调节作用。     

预防应用主动脉内球囊反搏在低射血分数患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床研究

目的：分析预防应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)对术前低射血分数(EF值<40%)的冠心病患者在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB)中的疗效和预后影响。方法：回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院心外科2010年1月至2015年1月术前低射血分数的冠心病拟行OPCAB术的患者300例。其中术前预防应用IABP后行OPCAG的患者140例(试验组),术前未预防应用IABP直接行OPCAB术的患者160例(对照组)。比较二组患者术中被迫紧急改为体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的比例、术后应用体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)的比例、术后低心排及术后肾功能不全的发生率、室性心率失常的发生率、住院期间病死率;比较二组术后气管插管时间、ICU时间及术后住院天数;比较两组术后1、2、5 d血浆肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme,CKMB)水平以及两组术后1年及5年生存率。结果：术中对照组被迫紧急改为体外循环下冠状动脉移植比例高于对试验组(P<0.05);术后应用ECMO的比例对照组高于试验组(P<0.05),术后气管插管时间、ICU时间及术后住院天数试验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后低心排及术后肾功能不全的发生率明显减少(P<0.05)术后1、2 d cTnI及CKMB水平试验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05),术后5 d cTnI及CKMB水平试验组与对照组相比较无明显差异(P>0.05);住院期间病死率试验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05),但术后1年及5年生存率两组无差异(P>0.05)。结论：术前低EF值冠心病预防性应用IABP是安全有效的,能够改善心功能,减少术后心梗、低心排、肾功能不全等严重并发症的发生,从而降低围术期病死率,提高低术前EF值病人OPCAB的手术疗效。     

非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用

目的 :分析并讨论微创冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)临床应用的效果。方法 :使用心脏稳定器 ,在心脏不停跳的情况下完成冠状动脉搭桥术。结果 :本组 6例手术效果良好 ,无死亡及重大并发症。ICU时间 12h～ 4 8h ,住院时间 10d～ 12d。术后随访心绞痛消失 ,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论 :微创非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术临床应用效果良好 ,创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、死亡率低 ,住院时间、出血及输血量较常规CABG明显减少。尤其对搭桥高危病例手术优越性显著 ,随着手术指征的扩大 ,可适合大多数冠心病例 ,临床应用前景广阔     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术后护理体会

主动脉-冠状动脉旁路移植术又称搭桥术（CABG），是目前治疗冠心病的常用的方法之一，非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术（Off pump Coronary artery bypass grafting，Off pump CABG）现在已成为国内外冠心病搭桥术中的一种常用选择。我院2003年1月至2005年10月在非体外循环下行CABG手术25例，现将护理体会报告如下。     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease is an occlusive intracranial arteriopathy owing to intimal hyperplasia with formation of abnormal cerebrovascular collateral networks; however, the etiology remains unclear. Although this disease is known to be associated with renovascular hypertension, it is extremely rare for it to be associated with stenoses of the coronary arteries. We herein described a case of a 56-year-old female with angina and asymptomatic moyamoya disease. We performed off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass and the risk of intraoperative hypotension. Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting has a potential risk of brain ischemia in moyamoya patients, but OPCAB may avoid this perioperative cerebral ischemic complication.     

The effect of postoperative positive end-expiratory pressure on postoperative bleeding after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Introduction

To compare postoperative prophylactic use of two positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels in order to prevent postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

Material and methods

Sixty patients undergoing an elective off-pump CABG operation were included in this prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups as receiving either 5 cm H₂O (group 1) or 8 cm H₂O PEEP (group 2) after the operation until being extubated. Chest tube outputs, use of blood products and other fluids, postoperative hemoglobin levels, accumulation of pleural and pericardial fluid after the removal of chest tubes, and duration of hospital stay were recorded and compared.

Results

Low- and high-pressure PEEP groups did not differ with regard to postoperative chest tube outputs, amounts of transfusions and crystalloid/colloid infusion requirements, or postoperative hemoglobin levels. However, low-pressure PEEP application was associated with significantly higher pleural (92 ±37 ml vs. 69 ±29 ml, p = 0.03) and pericardial fluid (17 ±5 ml vs. 14 ±6 ml, p = 0.04) accumulation. On the other hand, high-pressure PEEP application was associated with significantly longer duration of hospitalization (6.25 ±1.21 days vs. 5.25 ±0.91 days, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Prophylactic administration of postoperative PEEP levels of 8 cm H₂O, although safe, does not seem to reduce chest-tube output or transfusion requirements in off-pump CABG when compared to the lower level of PEEP. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm the benefits and identify ideal levels of PEEP administration in this group of patients.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting with concomitant resection for carcinoma of lung

A 69-year-old woman with angina had a lesion in the left lower lobe on chest film. Angiography revealed coronary artery disease in three vessels. Combined off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and left lower lobectomy were performed through median sternotomy. This approach avoids complications due to staged operations and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This report shows that simultaneous off pump CABG and pulmonary operations can be performed safely in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with lung cancer.     

冠状动脉搭桥术患者围术期血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶浓度与术后认知功能

目的研究冠状动脉搭桥术患者围术期血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）浓度及术后认知功能。方法40例接受冠状动脉搭桥术的男性患者，分为体外循环组和非体外循环组，每组20例。在术前、术后6、12、18和24h采血，用放射免疫方法测定血浆NSE浓度。在术前1天和术后7～10天进行神经心理测试。结果体外循环组患者术后6h血浆NSE浓度比术前显著升高，同时高于非体外循环组；非体外循环组患者各时点无差别。非体外循环组患者在数字广度测验（逆向）、斯特鲁字色干扰测验改正反应和阻塞反应的结果显著优于体外循环组患者。体外循环组患者术后6hNSE水平与连线测验A型相关，术后12hNSE浓度与数字广度测验（顺向）、连线测验A型、斯特鲁字色干扰测验时间分项相关。结论心脏手术后血浆NSE浓度的升高可在某种程度上反映术后认知功能障碍，但在具体应用时应考虑NSE的组织多源性及体外循环因素的影响。     

冠状动脉旁路移植与同期心脏瓣膜置换

背景：心脏瓣膜置换或成形同期行冠状动脉旁路移植手术的选择已成为目前治疗冠状动脉粥样化性心脏病合并心脏瓣膜病的发展趋势。目的：回顾性总结51例心脏瓣膜替换或成形同时行冠状动脉旁路移植手术的经验。方法：回顾性分析同期施行心脏瓣膜置换或成形及冠状动脉旁路移植患者51例临床资料,共移植旁路血管109支,同时行主动脉瓣置换10 例,二尖瓣置换14例,二尖瓣置换联合三尖瓣成形8例,主动脉瓣联合二尖瓣双瓣置换4例,主动脉瓣、二尖瓣双瓣联合三尖瓣成形3例,二尖瓣成形7例,二尖瓣成形联合三尖瓣成形5例。结果与结论：置换生物瓣膜者9例,机械瓣膜者31例,二尖瓣成形11例,三尖瓣成形16例;共移植旁路血管109支,冠状动脉旁路移植平均搭桥(1.92±0.73)支;术后30 d内死亡4例。47例顺利出院,其中2例失访,45例随访3-48个月,1例半年后脑梗死,1例于术后1年多死于心脏功能不全,存活的43例心功能改善明显,均可进行一般的生活与活动。综合分析得出彻底解除瓣膜病变,充分保障心肌再血管化,保护心肌,尽量缩短主动脉阻断时间是手术成功的关键因素。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

Perceived control and change in physical functioning after coronary artery bypass grafting: A prospective study

We determined if perceived general and health-related control predicted change in physical functioning after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 1,038 patients. Control and physical functioning were assessed prior to hospital discharge and physical functioning also was assessed 6 weeks and 6 months later. The repeated measures outcome was modeled using a one-way analysis of covariance with interaction terms for General and Health-Related Control x Time. The sample was primarily composed of Caucasian (94%) men (73%) with a mean age of 65 ± 11 years. Increasing health-related control was an independent predictor of positive change in physical functioning with a stronger effect in women. There was a nearly significant association between increasing general control and positive physical functioning change. Lack of significant interactions with time indicate that higher control has a beneficial impact on physical functioning change at 6 weeks and 6 months. Assessing control may help clinicians predict post-CABG physical functioning and may shape intervention efforts. This study was supported by a grant from the Ethel F. Donaghue Women’s Health Investigator Program, New Haven, Connecticut, and a grant from the Quality Care Research Fund, Aetna Foundation, Hartford, Connecticut. As a doctoral student, Dr. Barry was supported by a National Institute on Aging training grant (T32AG000153). Dr. Barry currently is supported by a National Institute on Aging training grant (T32AG1934), Research Training in Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology.     

Hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid (transamin) during coronary artery bypass grafting

The hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid (TA) was evaluated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The subjects were 33 serial patients who underwent elective CABG performed by the same team between January 1997 and April 2000. They were divided into a group that received TA (n=15) and a non-TA control group (n=18). The TA group received 50mg/kg of TA intravenously before starting cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 25 mg/kg immediately after CPB. Blood loss from the end of CPB to completion of surgery (post-CPB), as well as during the first 6h (BL6), 6–12 h (BL6–12), 12–18h (BL12–18), and 18–24h after surgery (BL18–24), was compared between the two groups. The time of chest tube removal, the volume of blood transfused, and graft patency were also compared. The blood loss at BL6, BL6–12, BL12–18, and BL18–24, as well as the blood transfussion volume, were all significantly (P<0.05) lower in the TA group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in graft patency between the two groups. In CABG patients, TA reduced blood loss without affecting graft patency, suggesting that it is useful in this setting.     

Comparing mortality and myocardial infarction between coronary artery bypass grafting and drug-eluting stenting in patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

Introduction

We aim to compare the midterm outcomes between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients who had multivessel coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Material and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the related clinical studies with a follow-up for 1 year at least. The endpoints were death, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Results

Finally, the analysis of ten studies involving 5,264 patients showed that patients with CABG had worse baseline characteristics, a higher rate of stable angina pectoris, a higher percentage of triple-vessel disease, higher incidence of chronic total occlusion and a higher SYNTAX score. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. Additionally, the rates of myocardial infarction and MACCE were markedly decreased in the CABG group.

Conclusions

The strategy of CABG is better than PCI for diabetic patients with multivessel CAD. The CABG can significantly reduce the rates of myocardial infarction and MACCE and is comparable in mortality despite the worse baseline characteristics.