鼻内镜下行慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉手术420例疗效分析

目的探讨提高鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉疗效的方法及影响疗效的相关因素。方法对2006-2011年完成术后随访6个月以上的420例内镜鼻窦手术患者的临床资料回顾性分析。结果治愈315例(75.0%),好转89例(21.2%),无效16例(3.8%),总有效率96.2%。结论鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉具有良好的疗效。充分术前准备,准确熟练的手术操作和严格的术后随访是提高治愈率的重要保证。     

少年儿童鼻窦炎鼻息肉的鼻内镜手术治疗

目的 探讨儿童鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的治疗方式与疗效.方法 对37例(58侧)儿童鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的临床资料进行分析.37例均行鼻内镜手术治疗,术后随访6～12个月.结果 治愈25例(67.57%),好转11例(29.73%).无效1 例(2.7%).结论 少儿慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术安全、远期疗效满意,并且创伤较小.     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉132例分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦炎及鼻息肉的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素.方法 回顾分析闵行区吴泾医院耳鼻喉科行鼻内镜鼻窦手术132例患者的临床资料.结果 随访6～12个月,治愈76例(57.57％),好转39例(29.55％),无效17例(12.88％).术后并发症包括大出血3例,眼部并发症2例,鼻腔粘连8例,窦口闭锁5例.结论 鼻内镜手术是治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的有效方法.熟练的麻醉技术、术者丰富的操作经验、恰当的术后处理、定期合理的鼻内镜随访是保证鼻内镜鼻窦手术远期疗效、降低手术并发症的关键.     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗复发性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉70例的疗效

目的探讨鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的疗效及复发病因。方法对70例复发性鼻息肉、鼻窦炎患者行鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 70例患者均手术顺利,手术时间(79.6±9.5)min。术后随访6个月～1年,术后6个月根据患者自觉症状改善程度和内镜检查,按慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉疗效评定标准,治愈43例,好转14例,无效13例,总有效率为81.43%。无严重手术并发症。复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的病因主要有术前、术后未规范治疗,鼻中隔偏曲与中下鼻甲处理不当、术后鼻腔粘连、钩突残留、自然窦口堵塞等。结论选择正确的手术方法、术前术后综合治疗、术者良好的鼻窦解剖知识,以及熟练的手术操作是提高鼻窦炎、鼻息肉疗效,降低复发的主要措施。     

SNOT-20联合VAS用于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前术后生存质量的研究

目的使用鼻窦炎专用量表-鼻腔鼻窦结局测试20(SNOT-20)中文版及VAS量表评价50例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)和鼻息肉(NP)患者的生存质量,探讨功能性内窥镜鼻窦外科(FESS)手术对患者生存质量(QOL)的影响。方法通过前瞻性随机对照设计,对50例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉采用鼻内镜手术治疗,对患者术前、术后1、3、6和12个月的生存质量状况进行评估,并与正常组相比较,了解患者主要症状与生存质量的变化。结果随访12个月,无失访,本组治愈41例(82%),好转7例(14%),总有效率96%;50例实施内镜鼻窦手术治疗的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术后第1、3、6、12个月各项评分呈持续下降趋势,与术前相比,均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者疗效显著,对患者症状和生活质量改善具有肯定的效果。术后随访时间至少需要1年。     

鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术93例护理体会

目的介绍鼻内镜鼻窦手术护理体会。重点讨论鼻内镜手术前后护理、并发症的观察及护理,预防和避免并发症的发生,以保证治疗效果,提高治愈率。方法对本组93例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉行鼻内镜手术。结果治愈82例(88.2%),好转8例(8.6%),无效3例(3.2%),总有效率(96.7%),3例无效者均为未按时复查换药患者。并发症鼻粘连12例,窦口闭锁3例,术后出血2例。结论鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉疗效显著,在护理的过程中笔者体会到术后的随访是提高手术治愈率的重要环节,术后定期内镜下清除术腔肉芽、血痂、囊泡组织及分泌物,及时解除鼻腔粘连,是彻底治愈鼻窦炎的重要阶段。缺乏上述处理,难以获得良好的手术效果。因此,要在患者出院宣教中重点强调术后随访的必要性和重要性。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术临床分析

目的探讨采用鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的临床疗效。方法选取2009年10月～2012年12月我院收治的鼻窦炎患者100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各50例。对照组患者采用传统手术方法进行治疗,治疗组患者则采用鼻内镜鼻窦手术进行治疗,并出院后随访1～2年,并对两组患者的治疗效果进行评定。结果通过对比两组治疗结果发现,相教于传统手术,采用鼻内镜鼻窦手术能有效提高患者治愈率,且大大降低复发率,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉有效改善患者病情,且术后并发症少,在患者术后康复及健康生活方面发挥巨大作用，适合临床推广使用。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术378例分析

目的：观察鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的远期疗效。方法：对378例（640侧）慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内镜鼻窦手术,术后随访1a。结果：治愈278例（73．5％）,好转78例（20．6％）,无效22例（5．9％）,总有效率94．1％。术后并发症主要为鼻腔粘连。结论：鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉具有良好的疗效,手术操作熟练准确,彻底清除病变是手术成功的重要保证,术后定期随访能提高治愈率,减少并发症。     

鼻内镜下鼻窦炎鼻息肉手术88例临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析鼻内镜手术治疗的88例（149侧）慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者的临床资料。结果88例患者术后随访6～12个月以上，治愈50例（56．8％），好转32例（36．4％），无效6例（6．8％），总有效率93．2％。结论鼻内镜下鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉，疗效显著。同时可同期行鼻窦、鼻中隔手术。     

内镜鼻窦手术25例术后随访及内舒拿喷鼻的疗效分析

目的：探讨慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦术后随访的时间和糖皮质激素内舒拿用药的效果。方法：对25例鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行鼻内鼻窦手术,术后定期随访,行内镜下术腔护理,鼻窦冲洗和糖皮质激素内舒拿鼻内局部应用,观察临床疗效。结果：术后3个月,18例鼻腔、鼻窦已干燥,上皮化;术后6个月,22例鼻腔、鼻窦已干燥,上皮化,鼻塞,头痛均消失。4例伴变应性鼻炎者,鼻腔有少许分沁物;8例嗅觉障碍者中3例无改善。结论：内镜鼻窦术后的鼻内镜随访,术腔护理及糖皮质激素鼻内应用,在慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的治疗中起着同样重要作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.