右美托咪定术前滴鼻在小儿斜视手术中的应用

目的：观察右美托咪定滴鼻在小儿斜视手术中的临床应用。方法：择期斜视矫正术患儿60例,随机均分为3组：七氟醚麻醉诱导前30 min分别滴鼻1μg/kg右美托咪定(A组),2μg/kg右美托咪定(B组)和等容积生理盐水(C组)。观察记录3组患者诱导时间及30 min后镇静评分、与父母分离时情绪评分和面罩接受程度;记录苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动发生率并评估躁动程度。结果：B组患儿诱导时间较A组和C组明显缩短(P＜0.05);用药30 min后患儿镇静评分和与父母分离时情绪评分为B组>A组>C组(P＜0.05);吸入面罩接受评分为B组优于A组和C组(P＜0.05);3组患儿的苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);AONO评分、儿童麻醉苏醒谵妄(pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium,PAED)评分和躁动发生率比较均为B组＜A组＜C组(P＜0.05)。结论：2μg/kg右美托咪定术前30 min滴鼻能有效缓解患儿术前焦虑,降低术后躁动的发生率,是一种理想的小儿术前用药选择。     

右美托咪定在困难气道插管中的临床应用

目的：评价右美托咪定用于困难气道气管插管的效果。方法：择期困难气道行全麻手术患者50例,随机均分成两组：A组为生理盐水对照组,B组为右美托咪定组。麻醉诱导：A组患者诱导前静脉注射生理盐水,B组患者诱导前给予右美托咪定0.6μg·kg-1（10min泵注完毕）,继以0.3μg·kg-1·h-1维持。A、B组患者由同一麻醉医师进行纤维支气管镜引导经鼻腔气管插管。两组均静脉注射芬太尼2μg·kg-1,丙泊酚1-1.5mg·kg-1行慢诱导后插管。分别记录T1（注射右美托咪定或生理盐水前）,T2（注射右美托咪定或生理盐水后）,T3（气管插管即刻）的MAP,HR,SPO2,PETCO2,Ramsay镇静评分。结果：A组Ramsay评分变化无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,但插管中患者镇静程度差;B组患者镇静程度加深,Ramsay评分升高,插管过程中镇静较好（P﹤0.05）。与T1比较,T3时A组插管中血压、心率升高,B组血压、心率降低。两组患者SPO2和PETCO2无明显变化（P﹥0.05）。与A组比较,B组插管耐受良好。结论：右美托咪定在困难气道插管中效果良好,不良反应少。     

麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻对患儿镇静及躁动的影响研究

目的研究麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻对患儿镇静和躁动的影响。方法纳入2014年6月‐2015年6月择期手术治疗的患儿90例进行调查研究,按照随机数字奇偶法分为A、B和C组,每组各30例,A组麻醉诱导期给予右美托咪定1.0μg/kg滴鼻,B组麻醉诱导期给予右美托咪定2.0μg/kg滴鼻,C组麻醉诱导期给予生理盐水2.0μg/kg滴鼻,分析比较3组患者的躁动评分、疼痛评分、Steward苏醒评分以及镇静镇痛需求。结果 B组患儿躁动评分、疼痛评分以及Steward苏醒评分均高于A组和C组,且术后镇静镇痛率、不良反应率均低于A组和C组;组间进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论麻醉诱导期右美托咪定滴鼻镇静效果佳,可有效缓解躁动和疼痛;2.0μg/kg的剂量效果更为显著,且安全性更高,值得在临床推广。     

右美托咪定联合咪达唑仑术前滴鼻在小儿斜疝手术麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合咪达唑仑术前滴鼻在小儿斜疝手术基础麻醉中的有效性及可行性。方法:将60例1³岁拟行疝气手术的小儿随机分为3组。麻醉方法均为基础麻醉诱导患儿入睡,抱入手术室后实施不插管全凭吸入麻醉,术中辅助局麻,手术时间均在1 h以内。麻醉诱导前30 min,A组给予右美托咪定1μg/kg+咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻,B组以右美托咪定1μg/kg滴鼻,C组以咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻。观察并记录患儿的入睡时间、入室后Ramsay镇静评分、诱导时对麻醉面罩的接受程度、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动评分。结果:A组入睡时间(12.31±3.21)min明显小于B组(23.55±3.72)min和C组(19.23±3.32)min(P<0.05)。A组镇静满意率和面罩接受率显著高于B组和C组(P<0.05)。同C组比较,A组和B组躁动发生率明显降低(P<0.05),苏醒时间无差异(P>0.05)。结论:在小儿麻醉前给予右美托咪定1μg/kg+咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg滴鼻可以产生良好的镇静效果,缩短吸入诱导时间,预防苏醒期躁动,并且不延长患儿苏醒时间。     

右美托咪啶用于腰硬联合麻醉最佳镇静效果与剂量关系的探讨

目的 比较不同剂量右美托咪定用于腰硬联合麻醉时对患者呼吸、循环、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）的影响,探讨右美托咪定剂量与镇静深度之间的关系.方法 腰硬联合麻醉下手术患者115例随机分为三组：A组为右美托咪定负荷剂量＋生理盐水持续输注组（对照组,n=39）、B组为右美托咪定负荷剂量＋持续输注组（速度0.2 μg/kg/h,n=39）、C组为右美托咪啶负荷剂量＋持续输注组（速度0.4 g/kg/h,n=37）.记录三组患者右美托咪定负荷剂量给药、持续静脉输注给药及给药后120 min内各个时点SpO2、呼吸频率（RR）、无创血压、心率（HR）、BIS等指标.结果 右美托咪定静脉输注60 min,A组、B组、C组BIS值变化无显著差异;70 min、80 min时点A组BIS值显著高于B组与C组;T9、T10、T11、T12时点A组与B组BIS值显著高于C组;TL～T12期间,A组、B组及C组HR、MAP变化无显著统计学差异.结论 右美托咪定用于腰硬联合麻醉辅助镇静,1 μg/kg的负荷剂量即可产生60 min左右的镇静作用;1 μg/kg的负荷剂量加0.2μg/kg/h维持可产生90 min左右的镇静作用;1μg/kg的负荷剂量加0.4 μg/kg/h维持可以产生约120 min左右的镇静作用.     

右美托咪定术前滴鼻在小儿腹股沟疝手术中的应用

目的：观察右美托咪定术前滴鼻用于腹股沟疝手术小儿的镇静及预防术后躁动的临床效果。方法择期腹股沟疝手术患儿40例,年龄1～5岁,ASA分级Ⅰ级,随机均分为两组,术前30 min分别经鼻腔给予右美托咪定1μg／kg（Dex组）和等容量生理盐水（NS组）,给药30 min后评估患儿的镇静评分、与父母分离时的情绪评分、面罩吸入诱导抵抗评分;观察并记录术后30 min、1 h、2 h的躁动评分。结果 Dex组的镇静评分、与父母分离时的情绪评分、面罩吸入诱导抵抗评分均优于NS组,术后各时间段的躁动评分均低于NS组（P＜0．05）。结论右美托咪定术前滴鼻可安全用于小儿腹股沟疝手术,可产生良好的镇静作用,同时减少术后躁动的发生。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对儿童口腔日间手术全麻苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察不同剂量的右美托咪定用于全麻下儿童口腔日间手术苏醒期躁动治疗的效果。方法 将75例于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院在全麻下行龋齿治疗的日间病房患儿随机分为3组,对照组（C组）,低剂量右美托咪定组（D1组）和高剂量右美托咪定组（D2组）,每组25例。所有组静脉给予2μg/kg芬太尼,2 mg/kg丙泊酚,0.7 mg/kg罗库溴铵。行气管插管后术中以七氟醚1.0～2.0 MAC,丙泊酚4～6 mg/（kg·h）维持麻醉状态。手术开始前5 min,静脉追加注射2μg/kg芬太尼,术中以不同剂量的右美托咪定维持。C组不使用右美托咪定;D1组右美托咪定以0.3μg/（kg·h）维持,D2组右美托咪定以0.6μg/（kg·h）维持。记录患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间和苏醒期间的儿童麻醉苏醒谵妄评分（PAEDs）,以及入手术室、术后15 min、术后30 min患儿镇静-躁动评分（SAS）。记录各组患儿在诱导前(T0)、右美托咪定注射30 min(T1)、拔除气管导管后(T2)、清醒时(T3)的血流动力学指标、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的变化。结果 3组患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间...     

不同剂量右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉在骨科下肢手术的临床作用探讨

目的分析不同剂量右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉在骨科下肢手术的临床作用。方法选择我院自2016年7月至2017年7月收治的骨科下肢手术患者60例,依据来院就诊时间均为两组。接受0.2 ug/kg.h右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉的30例患者为参照组,接受0.4μg/kg·h右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉的30例患者为研究组,记录泵入右美托咪定开始时,10 min和30 min的Ramsay镇静评分。结果泵入右美托咪定开始时,比对研究组和参照组患者的Ramsay评分,组间数据结果经检验后P0.05,经不同剂量麻醉后,研究组患者的Ramsay评分较比参照组更优,数据结果经统计后P0.05。结论在骨科下肢手术中予以0.4μg/kg·h右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉,其镇静效果较为理想,同时具有较高的安全性,临床应用价值存在。     

右美托咪定辅助镇静对椎管内麻醉患者术后主观睡眠质量的影响

目的 评价右美托咪定辅助镇静对行椎管内麻醉患者术后睡眠质量的影响.方法 选取择期行椎管内麻醉下大隐静脉高位结扎和剥脱术的患者51例,使用随机数字表法分成右美托咪定组(n1=25)和对照组(n2=26).待麻醉平稳后,右美托咪定组开始予右美托咪定6μg/(kg·h)速率静脉泵注10 min,给予负荷剂量后,以0.6μg/...     

右美托咪定辅助用药对全麻苏醒期躁动的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定辅助用药对全麻苏醒期躁动的影响。方法:选择全麻患者60例,按入院时间随机分成右美托咪定辅助用药组(A组)和单纯全麻组(B组)。右美托咪定辅助用药组(A组)15min内静脉给予右美托咪定1μg/kg的负荷量,之后以0.2μg.kg-1.h-1的速度连续输注,手术结束前20min停止输注。记录全麻期间各时间点血流动力学变化及苏醒期躁动发生情况。结果:A组在麻醉诱导前心率下降明显,拔管前、后血流动力学平稳,苏醒期躁动明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定辅助用药能减少全麻苏醒期躁动。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.