经脐单孔腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术36例临床分析

目的分析经脐单孔腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的疗效。方法选取我院收治的卵巢良性肿瘤患者72例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各36例。对照组采用传统腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗,观察组采用经脐单孔腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗,对比两组手术效果、美容满意度、疼痛情况、手术前后卵巢功能。结果与对照组比,观察组美容满意度评分更高,VAS评分更低,差异明显(P0.05);与对照组比,观察组术后排气时间、住院时间更短,差异明显(P0.05);两组术前及术后3个月的AMH水平对比,差异无统计学意义。结论卵巢良性肿瘤采用经脐单孔腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术治疗的临床疗效良好,可临床推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜技术在治疗双侧精索静脉曲张中的应用

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗双侧精索静脉曲张的临床应用价值。方法应用腹腔镜技术对42例双侧精索静脉曲张患者行双侧精索静脉高位结扎术,其中经脐单孔腹腔镜组20例,传统腹腔镜组22例。对比两种手术方式患者术中出血量、保留睾丸动脉情况、手术时间、术后下床活动时间、肠功能恢复时间及患者住院时间等指标;检测患者术前及术后1年的精液质量。分别于术后1、3、6个月和1年对患者进行4次门诊复查,检查切口恢复情况及阴囊、精索、睾丸有无并发症发生,并询问患者阴囊下坠不适等自觉症状的缓解情况。结果两组手术均获成功,无严重并发症发生。经脐单孔腹腔镜组与传统腹腔镜组术中出血量[（5±1）ml和（5±1）ml,t=-0．452,P〉0．05]、手术时间[（41±7）min和（39±3）min,t=0．686,P〉0．05]、术后肠功能恢复时间[（11±1）h和（11±2）h,t=-1．631,P〉0．05]、术后住院时间[（3．1±0．7）d和（3．4＋0．7）d,t=-1．447,P〉0．05],差异均无统计学意义。术后应用止痛药单孔腹腔镜组1例（5．0％）,低于传统腹腔镜组7例（31．8％）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=4．886,P〈0．05）。经脐单孔腹腔镜组切口近于“无瘢痕”。所有病例均于术后1年进行切口满意度问卷调查,两组比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=7．636,P〈0．01）。结论单孔腹腔镜下双侧精索静脉高位结扎术手术效果与传统腹腔镜手术相当,但更加微创,美学效果明显,是腹腔镜手术发展的掐璐．     

腹腔镜下良性卵巢肿瘤剥除术100例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剥除的疗效。方法将近两年来住院的166例卵巢良性肿瘤患者分为腹腔镜手术组和传统手术组，对比观察两组手术效果及手术并发症等。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间与传统手术组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；腹腔镜手术组中失血量、术后病率和住院日比较明显少与传统手术组（P〈0．01）。结论腹腔镜对机体内环境干扰少，在腹腔镜下行卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术较安全，术中出血少，术后恢复快，住院时间短，术后并发症少，临床应用前景广阔。     

腹腔镜治疗少女卵巢良性肿瘤52例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜下少女卵巢剥除手术的效果及手术技巧。方法对该院妇科1996年-2004年6月未婚少女52例卵巢良性肿瘤病历进行回顾性分析。结果该组52例全部在腹腔镜下完成手术，平均手术42．6min。手术组平均67．5min，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。腹腔镜组与开腹组比较，两组的平均失血量、术后病率、住院天数分别为50．6mL、3．1％、4d和91．4mL、11．3％、7d，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。腹腔镜组52例中无1例出现慢性腹痛及卵巢囊肿的复发。结论腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术有开腹式手术无法比拟的诸多优点，腹腔镜手术是治疗少女卵巢肿瘤的良好方法。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜技术在中老年女性附件良性肿瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜技术在中老年女性附件良性肿瘤手术中的应用价值。方法选取附件良性肿瘤患者37例,随机分为实验组(经脐单孔腹腔镜) 17例与对照组(多孔腹腔镜) 20例。比较2组患者术中和术后的临床结局。结果2组手术均获成功,无1例中转开腹。2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间均无显著差异(P 0. 05)。与对照组比较,实验组术后疼痛评分较低,满意度较高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组患者术后病理结果均为良性肿瘤,与术前诊断相符。所有患者均随访1～3个月,切口愈合满意,无感染、延迟愈合、静脉血栓、腹腔内出血、皮下血肿、切口疝等术后并发症发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜技术治疗中老年女性附件良性肿瘤安全、有效,具有疼痛轻、切开小等优点。     

腹腔镜治疗子宫阔韧带肌瘤的临床价值

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫阔韧带肌瘤的临床价值。方法将腹腔镜阔韧带肌瘤剔除术的25例与同期开腹手术的15例进行回顾性比较。结果2组手术均获成功，无并发症发生。与开腹组相比，腹腔镜组手术时间长[（101．20±10．44）min vs（59．33±10．83）min，P=0．000]、术中出血量多[（91．40±12．04）mL vs（76．67±11．29）mL，P=0．000]，但术后肛门排气时间[（17．40±2．22）h vs（35．0±2．90）h，P=0．000]、下床活动时间[（13．48±1．33）h vs（26．27±1．49）h，P=0．000]、使用抗生素时间[（3．26±0．62）d vs（5．67±0．90）d，P=0．000]及术后住院时间短[（4．88±1．01）d vs（6．27±0．96）d，P=0．000]。结论如果具有熟练的腹腔镜操作技术，腹腔镜子宫阔韧带肌瘤剔除术安全可行、微创，术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中止血方法的选择对卵巢功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中使用不同止血方法对卵巢功能的影响。方法选择120例单侧卵巢良性肿瘤患者行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术，并分为4组：超声刀组、单极电凝组、双极电凝组、缝合组，每组30例。于术前、术后3个月和6个月抽血检测E2、FSH、LH，并术后随访。结果单，双极电凝组术后发生月经改变及围绝经期综合征明显多于超声刀组和缝合组（P〈0．05）。四组术后3个月和6个月较术前均出现E2下降和FSH、LH增高，其中单、双极电凝组分别与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。此两组分别与超声刀组和缝合组术后E2、FSH、LH的比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。双极电凝组术后3个月的E2较单极电凝组明显偏高（P〈0．05），该两组的E2术后6个月较术后3个月显著增高（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除创面采用电凝止血会引起卵巢功能的损害，而使用镜下缝合或超声刀止血可更好地保留其功能。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤152例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术在卵巢良性肿瘤治疗的临床应用价值：方法：经腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤152例，其中行肿瘤剥除术130例，行肿瘤剥除加患侧附件切除术22例。结果：152例手术均顺利，并获治愈：术后并发皮下气肿2例（1．31％），2天后自行吸收：134例获1年随访，未见肿瘤复发：结论：经腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤，出血少，并发症少，术后患者恢复快，创伤小，值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜辅助与开放性胃癌D2根治性全胃切除术临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术（LATG）的可行性、安全性及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析本院2012年1月—2013年12月施行LATG（LATG组）和开放性辅助根治性全胃切除术（OTG组）患者的临床病理资料,比较2组手术安全性、术后恢复及肿瘤根治性。结果共274例患者纳入本研究,其中LATG组109例,OTG组165例。LATG组手术时间[（187．9±37．6）min]明显延长（P〈0．001）,但术中出血量[（166．5±59．3）mL]较OTG组[（309．4±93．1）mL]少（P〈0．001）,术后排气时间（P〈0．001）、进食时间（P〈0．001）、住院时间（P〈0．001）、白细胞计数（P〈0．05）以及引流量（P〈0．05）等方面,LATG组均较OTG组有优势。结论腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术安全可行,具有切口小、术后恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术不同止血方法对卵巢功能的影响

【目的】探讨腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥离中不同止血方式对卵巢功能影响。【方法】卵巢子宫内膜囊肿患者66例,均行腹腔镜下囊肿剥除术,并将其分成两组：镜下缝合组36例、电凝组30例,观察两组术前、术后6个月性激素雌二醇（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FS H ）、黄体生成激素（L H ）水平及窦状卵泡数、卵巢功能正常例数及卵巢储备功能下降例数。【结果】术前两组卵巢功能正常率和卵巢储备功能下降率比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;术后缝合组卵巢功能正常率83．33％（30/36）显著高于电凝组53．33％（16/30）（ P ＜0．05）,而卵巢储备功能下降率16．67％（6/36）显著低于电凝组46．67％（14/30）（ P＜0．05）。缝合组E2、窦状卵泡数分别为（198．4±24．90）pmol/L、（7．13±2．25）个显著高于电凝组（153．40±16．8）pmo/L、（5．8±0．9）个（ P＜0．05）,而FSH和FSH/LH分别为（10．56±4．56）U/L、2．35±1．26显著低于电凝组（13．72±2．81）U/L、（2．82±0．88）U/L （ P ＜0．05）。【结论】腹腔镜下卵巢保守性手术中,正确的镜下缝合止血与传统电凝术相比,对卵巢组织损伤更小,可更好地保留其功能。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.