可复性后部脑病综合征3例报告

可复性后部脑病综合征(posterior reversible en-cephalopathy syndrome,PRES)是由各种病因引起的以神经系统受损为主要表现的临床综合征,及时正确的治疗,绝大多数患者的症状、体征、头部神经影像学检查能够恢复到病前水平,如不能得到及时正确的诊断及治疗也可使病情加重甚至危及生命。所以加强对本病的认识非常重要,现将我院确诊的3例患者报道如下。例1:女,26岁,主因第一胎宫内孕36周,双胎,双下肢浮肿一月收住院。入院前一天行孕检时测血压130/85mmHg,尿常规示:尿蛋白(),血白蛋白略低收住院。入院后病情稳定,血压正常,入院第2天行剖腹产…     

重度子痫前期、子痫并发可复性后部脑病综合征临床分析

目的探讨重度子痫前期、子痫并发可复性后部脑病综合征的临床特点。方法对8例重度子痫前期、子痫并发可复性后部脑病综合征的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果经积极治疗患者预后良好,8例患者均未遗留神经系统后遗症。结论血压骤然升高和内皮细胞损伤可能是子痫前期、子痫发生PRES的主要原因,重度子痫前期、子痫并发可复性后部脑病综合征在早期诊断、早期治疗后预后良好。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床影像学特征

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome,RPLS)的临床和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析8例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的发病原因、临床症状、影像学特征、治疗及预后。结果8例患者中,女5例,男3例;发病原因多样,系统性红斑狼疮2例,妊娠子痫2例,高血压病1例,真菌性脑炎1例,多发性骨髓瘤1例,肾移植1例;其中使用免疫抑制剂3例,化疗药物1例,使用抗真菌药物1例。以头痛、癫痫发作、视觉障碍、意识和精神障碍为主要临床症状。多数患者头颅MRI表现为双侧大脑后部白质对称性T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI和FLAIR像呈高信号;经采取降压、脱水及对症等治疗2~3周后患者神经系统症状消失,MRI复查病灶完全或大部分消失。结论RPLS是以可逆性后部白质损害为主要神经影像学表现的临床综合征,及时、准确的诊断和治疗可使其临床症状和影像学改变完全可逆。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床和影像学特点

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征（reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome,RPLES）的 临床和影像学特点。 方法 回顾性分析中国人民解放军第306医院4例RPLES的临床症状及影像学特点。 结果 本组病例病因包括肾功能不全,高血压病,妊娠子痫,腰椎手术后。所有病例均有癫痫大发作 及头痛,恶心呕吐,精神行为异常。其中肢体瘫痪1例,失语1例,癫痫持续状态1例。影像学表现为单 侧或双侧以顶枕叶为主白质及灰质病变,病变范围可累及额颞叶。磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）表观弥散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）、T2加权像、平扫液体衰减反转恢复 序列（fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR）均呈高信号,T1加权像呈略长信号,1例磁敏感成像上 呈微出血。 结论 头痛和癫痫发作是RPLES的主要临床症状,多种病因可引起RPLES,影像学改变以皮质及皮质 下水肿为主。     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征临床及影像学特点15例分析

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床和影像学特征。方法分析15例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的临床和影像学资料。结果 15例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者继发于高血压脑病、系统性红斑狼疮、尿毒症、子痫、甲状旁腺腺瘤伴发高钙血症、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肾移植术后、急性淋巴细胞白血病和神经白塞病。其中血压升高者10例,临床主要表现为头痛、癫痫发作、视物模糊和意识障碍。头颅CT或MRI检查主要表现为对称的枕叶白质脑水肿,部分伴有顶额颞叶等病变。经治疗后患者症状消失,头颅CT或MRI复查病灶完全或大部分消失。结论可逆性后部白质脑病综合征可由多种病因产生,影像学主要表现为大脑后部白质血管源性脑水肿改变,及时治疗后症状和影像学特征迅速改善。     

可逆性后部脑病综合征：附二例报告

1996年,Hinchey等在The New England Journal of Medicine报告了15例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征（RPLS）患者,从此该病逐渐被临床医师所认识并接受。随着MRI等神经影像学技术的不断进步,发现可逆性后部白质脑部综合征亦可累及脑灰质,因此,2000年Casev等对其重新命名,称为可逆性后部脑病综合征（RPES）。笔者对扬州市第一人民医院神经内科2009年11月-2010年3月诊断与治疗的2例可逆性后部脑病综合征患者的临床及影像学资料进行回顾分析,总结报告如下。     

可逆性后部脑病综合征:附二例报告

1996年,Hinchey等在The New England Journal ofMedicine报告了15例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)患者,从此该病逐渐被临床医师所认识并接受。随着MRI等神经影像学技术的不断进步,发现可逆性后部白质脑部综合征亦可累及脑灰质,因此,2000年Casey等对其重新命名,称为可逆性后部脑病综合征(RPES)。笔者对扬州市第一人民医院神经内科2009年11月-2010年3月诊断与治疗的2例可逆性后部脑病综合征患者的临床及影像学资料进行回顾分析,总结报告如下。     

子痫前期或子痫致可逆性后部脑病综合征的临床及影像学分析

目的 探讨子痫前期或子痫致可逆性后部脑病综合征( posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome,PRES)的临床及影像学特点.方法 选择子痫前期或子痫致PRES患者21例,采用回顾性分析方法对临床症状及脑磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)资料进行分析.结果 主要临床症状:21例患者中癫痫发作18例,头痛16例,意识状态改变15例,视觉障碍12例;PRES病灶分布:顶、枕叶20例,额叶14例,颞叶11例,基底节区11例,胼胝体压部4例,小脑半球3例,脑干1例;PRES病灶分布模式:经典型7例,全脑型7例,额上沟型6例,部分或不对称型1例.结论 子痫前期或子痫致PRES临床症状典型,除顶、枕叶外,额叶、颞叶、基底节区等部位累及常见,多见3种主要病灶分布模式,准确识别其影像学表现对正确诊断具有重要意义.     

38例可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床影像学特征及病因学分析

目的探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)的临床影像学特点以及病因学。方法回顾性分析2009年至2014年间在中南大学湘雅医院神经内科就诊的38例病人临床资料、影像学资料及治疗过程。结果 38例患者中女性23例,男性15例;高血压病史31例,有子痫或子痫前期病史6例;服用免疫抑制剂5例,肿瘤化疗史3例。30例(78.9%)患者首发表现为头痛头晕,此外血压增高、恶心呕吐、视力下降、痫性发作和意识障碍为主要临床表现。磁共振影像表现为大脑后半部对称性稍长T1、长T2信号,FLAIR序列为高信号,DWI低信号,并可发现皮质受累。结论 RPLS是一类预后良好的脑病综合征,病因复杂,目前主要依靠临床表现以及影像学明确诊断。     

可逆性后部脑病综合征的临床和影像学特点

目的探讨可逆性后部脑病综合征的临床表现和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析3例PRES的临床和影像学资料。结果本组病例继发于系统性红斑狼疮、显微镜下多发性血管炎、病毒性脑膜炎各1例,其临床表现主要有头痛、意识障碍、痫性发作、视力受损和血压升高。3例均行头颅MRI检查,显示以双侧顶、枕叶为主的皮层和/或皮层下T1低或等信号,T2及FLAIR高信号。治疗后3例于2周内临床症状均明显好转,1例于起病后14d复查MRI基本恢复正常。结论PRES具有特征性的临床表现和影像学特点,提高对该病认识,早期诊断和适当治疗有助于恢复,避免疾病进展和发生不可逆的脑损伤。     

可逆性后部脑病综合征MRI脑水肿与血清乳酸脱氢酶及脑钠肽的关系

目的 探讨可逆性后部脑病综合征(PRES)患者的MRI影像学特点,进一步分析发病时患者脑水肿程度与血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、脑钠肽(BNP)的关系.方法 回顾性分析17例PRES患者的临床资料及MRI影像学特征,依据FLAIR、DWI及ADC图评价患者脑水肿类型及程度,分析脑水肿评分与LDH、BNP的相关性.结果 MR...     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨可逆性后部白质脑病的常见病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗措施。方法对1例产褥期可逆性后部白质脑病综合征患者的诊疗经过进行分析。结果患者有中枢神经系统症状、体征,结合相关检查结果,采用脱水、营养神经、对症支持治疗,预后良好。结论可逆性后部白质脑病综合征是一种由多种原因引起的以神经系统异常为主要表现的临床综合征。常见的病因有恶性高血压、妊娠子痫、各类严重肾脏疾病、免疫抑制剂及细胞毒药物、自身免疫病的治疗等。急性或亚急性起病,临床表现多种多样,常见的有头痛、痫性发作、视觉障碍、意识障碍及精神异常等。临床诊断主要依据其典型的影像学改变,大多数影像学改变为可逆性,预后良好。     

Unusual presentation of Takayasu's arteritis as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Takayasu''s arteritis is a chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory disease primarily affecting aorta and its branches. It mainly affects young females in the age group of 10-30 years. Various atypical presentations of Takayasu''s arteritis have been described in children. These atypical presentations can cause delayed diagnosis resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiologic condition associated with headache, seizures, altered sensorium, visual disturbances, and characteristic lesions on neuroimaging. We report a child with Takayasu''s arteritis who presented a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. He also had associated abdominal tuberculosis for which anti-tuberculous treatment was started. PRES was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. The child was started on nifedipine and propranolol. The child regained his consciousness within 48 h of admission. Prompt treatment of hypertension led to rapid reversal of neurological symptoms. In view of hypertension a computed tomography aortogram was done, which showed features suggestive of high grade (>75%) focal proximal left renal artery stenosis. EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism)/PReS (Paediatric Rheumatology European Society) consensus criteria was used for the diagnosis of Takayasu''s arteritis in our patient. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the stenotic left renal artery was performed. Post-angioplasty, nifedipine was gradually omitted and oral propranolol was continued.     

可逆性后部白质脑病综合征的临床及影像学特点

目的 探讨可逆性后部白质脑病综合征（PRES）的临床和影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析7例PRES患者临床及影像学资料。结果 本组继发于妊娠高血压综合征3例,肾功能衰竭3例,高血压1例。临床表现：7例均有头痛及视物模糊,伴有癫痫发作6例,恶心、呕吐4例,轻偏瘫、共济失调各1例。6例行头颅CT检查,3例枕叶低密度影,其中2例广泛脑白质水肿;1例多发小血肿;2例未发现异常。7例MRI检查显示枕叶均受累,同时伴小脑受累3例,脑干2例,额顶叶皮质下白质2例,尾状核、丘脑各1例。在脑叶呈脑回样、在其他部位呈斑片样异常信号;T1WI呈略低或等信号,T2WI和Fair像呈高信号。2例增强扫描1例无强化,1例呈脑回样、斑片样和环状强化。4例DWI扫描,2例呈略高信号,1例呈低信号,1例未见异常。结论 头痛、视觉障碍和癫痫发作是PRES主要临床表现,影像学特征主要为大脑后部白质对称性长T1、长T2信号。     

A case of catatonia due to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome treated successfully with antihypertensives and adjunctive olanzapine

Catatonia is a distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome with prominent motor manifestations. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic syndrome usually precipitated by malignant hypertension. Given the overlapping neuropathology in both syndromes, we present a case of catatonia precipitated by PRES, with full resolution of the former after successful treatment of the latter.     

并发颅内出血的可逆性后部脑病综合征5例临床分析并文献复习

目的探讨可逆性后部脑病综合征(posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome,PRES)并发颅内出血的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析我院5例并发颅内出血的PRES患者的临床及影像学特点。结果 5例PRES患者均为年轻女性,4例继发于子痫前期,另1例继发于慢性肾衰竭。临床表现为头痛、癫痫发作、视物模糊、意识状态改变及局灶性神经功能缺损等。影像主要表现为双侧大脑后部为主的血管源性脑水肿,但也有额叶、基底节、脑干、小脑受累和细胞毒性脑水肿等不典型表现。5例患者均合并脑实质血肿,4例位于水肿周围,1例并发硬膜下血肿。5例患者均合并血小板减少及凝血功能异常,且均因病情危重而入住重症监护病房,经积极治疗后临床表现及影像学表现均明显好转。结论合并凝血功能异常的PRES较易出现颅内出血等并发症。     

Elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase at posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome onset in chemotherapy-treated cancer patients

The pathophysiology of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is incompletely understood; however, an underlying state of immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction has been proposed. We examined alterations of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, relative to the development of PRES in patients receiving chemotherapy. A retrospective Institutional Review Board approved database of 88 PRES patients was examined. PRES diagnosis was confirmed by congruent clinical diagnosis and MRI. Clinical features at presentation were recorded. Serum LDH values were collected at three time points: prior to, at the time of, and following PRES diagnosis. Student’s t-test was employed. LDH values were available during the course of treatment in 12 patients (nine women; mean age 57.8 years [range 33–75 years]). Chemotherapy-associated PRES patients were more likely to be normotensive (25%) versus the non-chemotherapy group (9%). LDH levels at the time of PRES diagnosis were higher than those before and after (p = 0.0263), with a mean difference of 114.8 international units/L. Mean time intervals between LDH measurement prior to and following PRES diagnosis were 44.8 days and 51.4 days, respectively. Mean elapsed time between last chemotherapy administration and PRES onset was 11.1 days. In conclusion, serum LDH, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, shows statistically significant elevation at the onset of PRES toxicity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Our findings support a systemic process characterized by endothelial injury/dysfunction as a factor, if not the prime event, in the pathophysiology of PRES.     

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome induced by intracranial hypotension in a postpartum patient

Abstract

Objective: A number of hormonal, physiologic, immunologic, and hemodynamic changes can cause a series of central nervous system-related problems in pregnant and postpartum women. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is commonly seen in these conditions. However, PRES during pregnancy and the postpartum period are not always due to pregnancy.

Methods: We describe a patient who presented with headache followed by an epileptic seizure after cesarean section and whose computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral low-density lesions in the frontal lobe. To explore the pathogenesis, we further examined the patient with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture.

Results: Brain MRI revealed vasogenic edema in the frontal lobe and temporal-occipital regions of both hemispheres. MRI of the brain with contrast showed diffuse enhancement of the supratentorial dura mater and decreased of bilateral lateral ventricles. There was no abnormality in brain magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography. Bloody cerebrospinal fluid flowed very slowly during lumbar puncture.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that, although rare, intracranial hypotension in postpartum patients may be a cause of PRES.