The role of early contact lens correction in the rehabilitation of nursing infants with aphakia

The authors analyze the results of early (on days 5-8 postoperation) contact correction with soft contact lenses (SCL), carried out in 126 infants (206 eyes), operated on for congenital cataract extraction at the age of 2-12 mos. Soviet IOZM, Czechoslovak Spofa-lens, and American Bausch and Lomb lenses have been applied for 18-14 hrs daily, in parallel with the treatment for amblyopia (direct occlusion, a total exposure of the retina), carried out at home. A thorough adaptation, observance of the hygiene and schedule of the lens use have been a guarantee of the absence of ocular complications. SCLs considerably improve the vision acuity and are recommended for early correction of aphakia after congenital cataract extraction, carried out during the first months of infant life.     

Trans-Tenon's Retrobulbar Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose To determine whether a trans-Tenon's retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a safe and effective treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 30 diabetic patients with persistent macular edema were treated with 20 mg of TA injection. Central macular thickness (CMT) determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity were evaluated before the injection and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months, and up to 1 year in some eyes, after the injection. Results The CMT decreased significantly from 478 ± 129 μm (mean ± SD) before injection to 316 ± 102 μm at 1 month, 307 ± 104 μm at 2 months, and 275 ± 89 μm at 3 months after a single injection of TA. A 20% reduction of CMT from the initial value was maintained by a single injection of TA in 27 of 39 eyes (69.2%) at 3 months, in 14 of 22 eyes (63.6%) at 6 months, and in 5 of 7 eyes at 12 months. A recurrence of macular edema was observed in 10% of the eyes at 3 months, and in 22.7% at 6 months. The 17 eyes in which vitrectomy had been carried out had a more significant improvement in CMT than the eyes without vitrectomy. Conclusion A 20-mg trans-Tenon's retrobulbar TA injection is a safe and effective treatment for diabetic macular edema. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:509–515 ? Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005     

囊袋张力环植入治疗晶状体悬韧带异常的2年临床效果

目的评价在晶状体悬韧带异常情况下行超声乳化白内障吸除术时植入囊袋张力环（CTR）来提供晶状体囊袋支持的中长期临床效果。方法对2003年1月至2004年7月期间因晶状体悬韧带松弛或部分断裂或合并白内障在我院行超声乳化白内障吸除及CTR和人工晶状体（IOL）植入术的19例患者（22只眼）进行为期2年的随访。随访指标为最佳矫正视力和屈光度数、眼压、CTR和IOL及囊袋复合体的位置、晶状体后囊膜混浊（PCO）和晶状体囊袋的收缩程度。应用眼前节成像系统Pentacam采集各眼的Scheimpflug图像,分析术后1、6、12和24个月IOL的偏心值与倾斜度。结果术后2年随访结果：末次随访最佳矫正视力较术前提高≥2行者20只眼（90.9％）,提高1行者2只眼（9．1％）。CTR位置：21只眼CTR位于囊袋内,1只眼CTR部分脱出于囊袋外。IOL位置：22只眼的IOL均位于囊袋内,术后1个月1只眼轻度偏中心,术后2年5只眼轻度偏中心。PCO情况：末次随访3只眼（13．6％）因重度PCO行掺钇钕石榴石激光后囊膜切开,余19只眼为轻度PCO,无需处理。晶状体囊袋收缩程度：末次随访1只眼囊袋中度收缩。Pantacam检查术后1、6、12和24个月IOL的平均偏心值分别为（0．393±0．094）、（0.406±0．094）、（0.415±0．093）、（0.463±0．172）mm,术后1、6与24个月比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。倾斜度分别为2．637°±0．369°、2．653°±0．349°、2．682°±0.348°、2．714°±0．360°,各组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.220）。结论CTR合并IOL植入治疗晶状体悬韧带异常可获得良好视力。术后2年的随访观察证实CTR的植入抑制了PCO和囊袋收缩的发生,并维持IOL在囊袋内位置的良好稳定性。（中华眼科杂志,2007．43：519-524）     

重度真菌性角膜炎经治疗性角膜移植术后再次光学性角膜移植的临床效果

目的探讨重度真菌性角膜炎在用冰冻保存的供体角膜行治疗性角膜移植术后,再次施行光学性角膜移植的临床效果。方法选择1995年5月至2002年5月期间于邵逸夫医院就诊的35例(35只眼)重度真菌性角膜炎患者,在用冰冻保存的供体角膜行治疗性角膜移植至少经过6个月后,再接受光学性角膜移植。若合并并发性白内障,则同时联合施行白内障囊外摘除和人工晶状体植入术。观察患眼手术并发症、术后视力、排斥反应及植片透明等情况。结果35只眼中18只眼行单纯的光学性角膜移植,另17只眼同时联合白内障囊外摘除和人工晶状体植入术。手术过程均顺利。术后经6.8～36.8(15.7±7.6)个月的随访,32只眼植片保持透明,3只眼因排斥反应植片混浊。24只眼术后最佳矫正视力等于或好于0.4,32只眼最佳矫正视力等于或好于0.1,3只眼低于0.1。术中及术后35只患眼未见其他并发症。结论重度真菌性角膜炎患眼经过冰冻保存的供体角膜行治疗性角膜移植术后,再次施行光学性角膜移植,术后并发症少,可维持较高的植片透明率和较理想的视力。     

Excimer laser surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism

Photorefractive keratectomy using the Summit Excimer Laser has been carried out on 1333 eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism which have been followed up for six months or longer. Of those, 607 have been followed up for one year.
Of the eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism of up to 3 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 85.6% had unaided vision of 6/6, 97.2% 6/9 or better, and 99.4% 6/12 or better. Of the eyes between -3.25 and -6.00 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 72.1% achieved 6/6 vision unaided, 88.8% 619 or better, and 94.2% 6112 or better. Of the eyes between -6.25 and -10.00 dioptres, at one year 49.6% achieved 616 vision unaided, 76.1% 619 or better and 88.0% 6/12 or better.
To achieve these figures, 28% of the patients had astigmatic keratotomy, either two or three weeks before photorefractive keratectomy, or at the same time as photorefractive keratectomy. Photorefractive keratectomy is as predictable as radial keratotomy in eyes of under 6 dioptres myopia, but is more predictable than radial keratotomy in higher myopia. Photorefractive keratectomy has the advantages of leaving an eye which is structurally sound, and without diurnal variation of focusing.     

Improvement of visual acuity in eyes with diabetic macular edema after treatment with pars plana vitrectomy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of severe visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This is so despite the fact that argon laser photocoagulation of the macula (M-ALC) has been shown to be beneficial. Recently, it has been suggested that pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) can lead to the resolution of DME and stop the deterioration of central visual acuity. PURPOSE: To explore the potential benefit of PPV for the treatment of DME. PATIENTS AND METHODS: PPV was carried out in 30 eyes of 21 consecutive patients (median age 71 years, range 61-88 years) with type II diabetes mellitus suffering from DME. 23 eyes had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 7 eyes had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in addition to DME. Posterior vitreous detachment had to be carried out in all cases. If epiretinal membranes were present (23 eyes), they were removed. In 13 eyes (initially 11 eyes) the internal limiting membrane (ILM) was also removed. Prior to PPV 8 eyes had received M-ALC. Three eyes had M-ALC after PPV. One eye developed a retinal detachment 6 weeks after PPV and was excluded form the analysis. After an initial treatment failure two eyes underwent repeat PPV with peeling of the ILM. Both eyes of another patient had 2 repeat PPVs because of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Median follow-up was 16 months (range 1-62 months). RESULTS: Following PPV the macula flattened or became attached in 20/27 (74%) eyes. 15/18 (83%) eyes showed reduction or disappearance of leakage during fluorescein-angiography. Central visual acuity increased by two to six lines in 15/27 (56%) for the whole group at 6 months after PPV. For the subgroup (18 eyes) for which the evolution of visual acuity prior to PPV could be documented mean and median visual acuity had decreased markedly from 0.26 +/- 0.19 resp. 0.2 (range 0.03-0.6) to 0.12 +/- 0.09 resp. 0.1 (range 0.02-0.4) during the 12 months preceding PPV and increased to 0.28 +/- 0.23 resp. 0.2 (range 0.03-0.8) during the 12 months following PPV. CONCLUSION: PPV almost always results in a reduction and often complete disappearance of DME as evidenced by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein-angiography. Most importantly, central visual acuity often increases, sometimes to a very large extent with dramatic improvement in quality of life of the patients.     

"Early" vitrectomy for vasoproliferative retinopathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Early vitrectomy was carried out in 22 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and evidence of partial vitreous detachment in 17 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. All the eyes had undergone panretinal laser photocoagulation, and all had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better, but 13 had had a vitreous hemorrhage. After a mean follow-up period of 29 months 19 of the eyes had retained the same visual acuity, 18 had been free of renewed vitreous hemorrhage for 6 months, there had been no macular retinal detachments and all the anterior segments were normal. The three instances of persistent visual loss were due to recurrent vitreous hemorrhage.     

Surgical occlusion of 2 vortex veins in the treatment of decompensated senile macular degeneration. A longer-term evaluation

Microsurgical occlusion of two vortex veins was carried out on seventeen eyes of 16 patients affected with senile pigment epithelial detachment. Ten eyes had avascular pigment epithelium detachment and 7 eyes had pigment epithelium detachment associated with choroidal new vessels. Regression or stabilisation of the fundus lesions occurred in one of the eyes affected with vascular pigment epithelium detachment. On the other hand 3 months postoperatively, the pigment epithelium detachment had flattened with significant improvement of the visual acuity, in 4 of the 10 eyes affected with avascular pigment epithelium detachment. However the results were not as satisfactory after a longer follow-up. The improved visual acuities noted at 3 months, gradually deteriorated after 6-12 months in most patients and 4 eyes showed subsequent clinical evidence of active disease. The results of the present study lead to conclude that the surgical occlusion of 2 vortex veins does not provide a satisfactory answer to the treatment of senile pigment epithelial detachment.     

Stabilität des postoperativen Visus nach rt-PA-SF6-Behandlung der submakulären Hämorrhagie bei altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration

PURPOSE: Treatment of submacular hemorrhage with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) and SF6 induces blood displacement out of the fovea by maintaining prone positioning. The underlying disease, e.g. the choroidal neovascularisation remains untreated. Nevertheless, it has been noted that the visual results of this method are more favorable than those expected in the natural course. Contributing long-term results the present study intends to give more information concerning this phenomenon. METHOD: A total of 45 consecutive eyes were treated using a standardized procedure (duration of hemorrhage < or =1 week, area of hemorrhage 1-10 disc areas, 50 gammag rt-PA, 0.5 ml SF6 24 h later, prone positioning for 3 days). Those with a follow-up of > or =6 months were included in the study. RESULTS: From 25 patients a total of 25 eyes fulfilled the criteria. Postoperative visual acuity(3-7 days) was improved or unchanged in 19 eyes and worse in 6 eyes. Comparison of postoperative visual acuity after follow-up of an average of 14.2 months (range 6-28 months) revealed an improvement in 10 eyes, no change in 7 eyes and a deterioration in 8 eyes. A second treatment was performed in 2 eyes and photocoagulation in 1 eye. CONCLUSION: After more than 1 year the postoperative visual acuity was stable or even better in about two-thirds of the eyes therefore treatment with rt-PA and SF6 may also influence the choroidal neovascularisation.     

新生儿泪囊炎行泪道探通术的手术时机及其安全性的探讨

目的:探讨新生儿泪囊炎行泪道探通术的手术时机及其安全性。方法:采用回顾性系列病例研究,对2009-01/2010-06在我院门诊就诊的137例165眼新生儿泪囊炎治疗情况进行分析。结果:本研究137例165眼,患儿年龄≤3月龄者64眼,其中加压探通治愈16眼,1次探通治愈48眼;～6月龄者68眼,其中加压冲洗治愈4眼,1次探通治愈62眼,2次探通治愈1眼,1例1眼未随诊;～12月龄者24眼,1次探通治愈12眼,2次探通治愈8眼,3次探通治愈2眼,未随诊2例2眼;～18月龄者9眼,其中1次探通治愈6眼,2次探通治愈3眼。结论:新生儿泪囊炎患者,若患儿身体发育正常,年龄>2月龄者应尽早行泪道探通术,且安全可行。     

Effectiveness of the treatment of early hemophthalmos and its sequelae by closed vitrectomy

The author analyzes the results of surgical treatment of traumatic hemophthalmia and the relationship of these results with the time of the hemorrhage in 54 patients (54 eyes). Twenty-five patients have been operated on within 2 months after wounding (Group 1), the rest 29 later (Group 2). All the patients presented with incurable changes in the vitreous body, therefore drug therapy could not be effective. The surgery has resulted in vision improvement in 8 of Group 1 patients and in 24 of Group 2 patients; 17 patients of these 24 have been discharged from hospital with a visual acuity of 0.1 or higher. These results evidence that the best terms of optic vitrectomy are 2-6 months after the perforating wound.     

Visual acuity and scar size in eyes with age-related subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions, 30 months after radiation therapy

Purpose: In a study to determin the effectiveness of ionizing radiation on the deterioration of visual acuity (VA) due to choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) the affected eyes of 10 patients were treated with a total dose of 24 Gy (6 Gy fractions). A special lens-sparing technique was used to avoid cataract development. During 30 months of follow-up the visual acuity (VA) and scar size (SS) of the treated eyes and fellow eyes of all 10 patients were evaluated.Results: After 30 months of follow-up 5 eyes showed a stable VA and fluorescein angiogram (FA) appearance. Concerning 4 out of 5 eyes with progressive disease, the 4 eyes treated with radiation therapy had better VA and smaller SS as compared with the untreated fellow eyes with exudative AMD.Conclusions: The results suggest that 24 Gy either stabilizes or delays the deleterious effects of CNV on the visual acuity. Until now no late side effects have been observed.     

改良可调整缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的：探讨小梁切除术中应用改良可调整缝线的方法和疗效。方法：对65例70眼原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者行小梁切除术,术中对巩膜瓣采用改良可调整缝线缝合。观察术后眼压、前房、滤过泡、可调整缝线松脱等情况。结果：所有患者随访时间6～24（平均11）mo。可拆除缝线拆线时间1～14（平均7.4）d。拆线前眼压13.30～28.46（平均16.86）mmHg,拆线后眼压8.40～16.57（平均10.50）mmHg,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。70眼均无拆线并发症和滤过泡渗漏。术后70眼中Ⅰ度浅前房3眼,Ⅱ度浅前房2眼,浅前房发生率7%。70眼末次随访眼压9.00～16.80（平均11.45）mmHg,70眼形成扁平滤过泡55眼,微小囊样滤过泡15眼,功能性滤过泡100%。结论：改良可调整缝线在小梁切除术中安全、术后有效,可有效控制术后房水滤过水平,有利于远期眼压的控制和功能滤过泡的形成。     

Surgical treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in myopia: macular translocation vs surgical removal

PURPOSE: To compare the visual outcome of two different surgical approaches for subfoveal neovascularization in degenerative myopia: macular translocation and surgical removal of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospectively, 32 eyes with degenerative myopia (axial length over 26 mm or refraction over -6 diopters) and subfoveal CNV of 32 consecutive patients operated on by either surgical removal of CNV or limited macular translocation were reviewed. Surgical removal of CNV was performed in 18 eyes and limited macular translocation with a twofold suture in 14 eyes. The main outcome measurements were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and findings from fluorescein angiography. Postoperatively, mean +/- SD follow up was 14 +/- 15 months (range, 6-48 months) in the removal group and 11 +/- 4 months (range, 6-24 months, P =.37) in the translocation group. RESULTS: In both groups, there was no significant difference in preoperative age, sex, refractive error, or BCVA. The average of postoperative BCVA was statistically better after macular translocation (10 ETDRS lines or 20/100) than after surgical removal (6 lines 10/125, P =.019). Visual acuity improved by 3.8 lines after macular translocation and was unchanged after surgical removal (-0.7 line, P =.011). Macular translocation was successful in shifting the CNV to an extrafoveal location in 11 out of 14 eyes. Mean foveal displacement of all 18 translocated eyes was 695 +/- 426 microm (range, 100-1520 microm). Recurrence of CNV occurred in seven eyes (39%) after surgical removal and in two eyes (14%) after translocation. Retinal detachment occurred in two eyes in each group. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, eyes with degenerative myopia and subfoveal neovascularization treated with limited macular translocation had better visual acuity recovery than eyes treated with surgical removal of the choroidal neovascularization. Further studies are required to confirm these results.     

Two years follow-up outcome of verteporfin therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia in Indian eyes

Context:

In India, refractive errors are a major cause of treatable blindness. Population surveys in southern India have shown prevalence of high myopia to be 4.32-4.54%. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by pathologic myopia is beneficial.

Aims:

To report the 24 months outcome of PDT with verteporfin for subfoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia in Indian eyes

Settings and Design:

Prospective case series

Materials and Methods:

Review of prospectively collected data of Indian patients with pathologic myopia and subfoveal CNV treated with verteporfin therapy between 2001 and 2005 using standard regimen for PDT.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to see the difference in the mean letter acuity at intervals compared to baseline. Kaplan Meier Survival analysis was done to estimate the success rate of verteporfin therapy for CNV caused by pathologic myopia.

Results:

Fifteen patients (15 eyes) treated with standard fluence PDT and who had completed 24 months follow-up were analyzed. The mean spherical equivalent was -13.36 ± 5.88 diopter. Five out of 15 eyes in six months, three out of 15 eyes at 12 months and four eyes out of 15 at 24 months had improved vision by > 10 letters. The mean number of treatment session was 2.2 in two years.

Conclusions:

PDT with verteporfin for subfoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia in Indian eyes is effective.     

Photoreceptor survival in transplantation of autologous iris pigment epithelial cells to the subretinal space

PURPOSE: To investigate photoreceptor survival in transplantation of non-cultured iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells to the subretinal space in a prospective experimental study. METHODS: Upper iridectomies were carried out in the right eyes of 37 pigmented rabbits. Suspensions of freshly harvested autologous IPE cells (without culturing) were prepared and injected into the subretinal space of the same eye. Follow-up examinations were carried out using ophthalmoscopy and colour fundus photography. The rabbits were killed at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the eyes examined with light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: On histological examination, the photoreceptor cells were found to be well-preserved in grafted areas at 1-3 months. At 6 months, the photoreceptors generally disclosed a normal nuclear layer and long outer segments when overlying areas with single cells or clusters of transplanted IPE cells. Multilayers of cells in abundance, including native RPE cells and macrophages (stained with RAM 11), particularly under microfolds of the neural retina, were occasionally associated with photoreceptor damage and nuclear drop out from the outer retinal layer. There was no inflammatory response in the choroid and the choriocapillaris remained patent. CONCLUSION: The experiments show that grafting freshly harvested autologous IPE cells to the subretinal space is feasible and that the photoreceptors generally survive for at least 6 months when overlying the transplanted areas. Multilayers of abundant cells in the subretinal space may induce adverse focal effects on adjacent photoreceptors.     

Traumatic cataracts in young children: Correction of aphakia by intraocular lens implantation

Thirty-seven children aged two to ten years old sustained unilateral traumatic cataract. Aspiration of the traumatic lens was followed by intraocular lens implantation in these 37 eyes. In 23 eyes an IOL was inserted during the initial surgical setting; in 14 eyes a secondary implantation was performed. In 34 eyes posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy was performed before insertion of the lens. No major post-operative complications were observed during the period of follow-up ranging from six to 24 months. In three cases, posterior capsulotomy was not carried out. Secondary surgical intervention was needed and the final visual outcome was poor in these three eyes.

Visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 77% and 69% of the cases after primary or secondary IOL implantation, respectively. Best visual results were recorded in most cases four to ten months after the surgery. These results demonstrate that IOL implantation is a practical approach even in children of the younger age groups.     

Surgical correction of severe myopia with an angle-supported phakic intraocular lens

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of a fourth-generation angle-supported anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with severe myopia. SETTING: Refractive Surgery and Cornea Unit, Alicante Institute of Ophthalmology, Miguel Hernández University School of Medicine, Alicante, Spain. METHODS: In this prospective study, 23 eyes (16 patients) with a mean preoperative myopia of -19.56 diopters (D) +/- 1.76 (SD) (range -16.75 to -23.25 D) were implanted with the ZSAL-4 phakic IOL. Basic examinations were performed before and after surgery in all patients. Eighteen eyes were also studied by clinical specular microscopy, and the endothelium was analyzed for cell density, coefficient of variation in cell size, and hexagonality. The location of the IOL in the anterior chamber was evaluated in 10 eyes by A-scan biometry. To evaluate haptic geometry, a theoretical mechanical model was used. The follow-up was 24 months in all patients. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 13 eyes (56.0%) 12 months after surgery and in 14 eyes (60.8%) at 24 months. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved 0.19 at 12 and 24 months (0.1 = 1 line) from preoperative values. The efficacy index was 1.12 at 24 months and the safety index, 1.45. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.65 +/- 0.65 D at 24 months. The postoperative spherical equivalent was within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia in 19 eyes (82.6%) at 12 and 24 months. The mean endothelial cell loss was 3.50% at 12 months and 4.18% at 24 months. The coefficient of variation in cell size decreased from 0.34 before surgery to 0.28 at 24 months after surgery. The IOL was located 0.79 +/- 0.24 mm in front of the crystalline lens. Postoperative complications included night halos in 6 eyes (26.1%) at 12 and 24 months and pupil ovalization in 4 eyes (17.4%). Intraocular lens rotation was observed in 10 eyes (43.5%) at 24 months. Two eyes (8. 7%) developed a slight inflammatory response during the first 6 months. Our mechanical model predicted that the compression forces against the angle structures were greater at the first footplate than at the second. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the ZSAL-4 IOL in the anterior chamber of phakic eyes was effective and predictable in correcting severe myopia. However, the ZSAL-4 did not prevent pupil ovalization, IOL rotation, or low-grade postoperative uveitis. Improvements in haptic design following our mechanical model could decrease these haptic-related complications.     

Laser epithelial keratomileusis for the correction of hyperopia using a 7.0-mm optical zone with the Schwind ESIRIS laser

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for the correction of hyperopia using a 7.0-mm optical zone and a 9.0-mm total ablation zone diameter with the Schwind ESIRIS flying-spot laser. METHODS: Forty-seven patients (70 eyes) were treated with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of +2.32 diopters (D) (range: 0 to +5.00 D). All eyes underwent LASEK using 15% alcohol with a 20-second application. RESULTS: An intact epithelial flap was obtained in 66 (94%) eyes. In 70 eyes at 12 months, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.09 D (range: -0.75 to +1.00 D) with all (100%) eyes within +/- 1.00 D of the intended correction and 60 (86%) eyes within +/- 0.50 D. In 40 eyes with 24-month follow-up, the refractive correction remained stable after 6 months. Hyperopic cylindrical corrections were attempted in 49 eyes (range: +0.25 to +5.00 D) with vector analysis demonstrating a mean 102% correction at 12 to 24 months. In 60 non-amblyopic eyes, uncorrected visual acuity was > or = 20/20 in 47 (78%) eyes. Thirty-three (47%) eyes gained 1 to 2 lines of Snellen decimal equivalent best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, 30 (43%) eyes showed no change, and 7 (10%) eyes lost 1 line. Eight (11%) eyes at 12 to 24 months had grade +/- 1 of paracentral corneal haze and 57 (81%) had no haze. At 12 months (n = 70), the safety index was 1.06 with an efficacy index of 0.95. Analysis of higher order wavefront aberrations showed no significant changes in root-mean-square values post-operatively, except for a significant reduction of fourth order spherical aberration (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Laser epithelial keratomileusis for hyperopia up to +5.00 D using a 7.0-mm optical zone with the Schwind ESIRIS laser provides excellent refractive and visual outcomes with minimal complications. In eyes followed for 24 months, the refractive correction remained stable after 6 months.     

α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯在小梁切除术中应用的初步报告

目的观察和探讨α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯粘合剂在小梁切除术中粘合巩膜瓣的方法和临床效果。方法采用前瞻性临床对照研究，将24例（30眼）接受青光眼小梁切除术的患者分为2组：组织粘合剂组10例（13眼），用α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯粘贴巩膜瓣；缝线组14例（17眼），用尼龙线缝合巩膜瓣。比较2组术后反应、手术效果、并发症等。结果2组病例术后均未述不适、前房反应轻微。术后3月2组形成功能性滤过泡的比例相近。术后1周和术后半年2组降眼压效果相近。结论小梁切除术中用α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯粘合巩膜瓣安全、简便、有效。