N-羟乙基-2-(3′-硝基联苯基-4-亚甲磺酰基)乙酰胺的合成

目的:合成磷酸二酯酶3B(PDE3B)选择性抑制剂N-羟乙基-2-(3′-硝基联苯基-4-亚甲磺酰基)乙酰胺。方法:以对溴苄溴为初始原料经Williamson成醚反应、氧化、酰化和Suzuki偶联4步反应合成了目标化合物。结果:目标产物的结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、质谱及红外光谱等确证,4步反应的总收率为24．8%。结论:该合成路线原料易得,操作简便,可用于放大制备。     

4″-烷氧基-1,1′:4′,1″-三联苯-4-羧酸的合成

目的制备用于全合成新型卡泊芬净（caspofungin）类环六脂肽抗真菌剂的关键脂肪酸侧链4″-烷氧基-1,1′：4′,1″-三联苯-4-羧酸（1）。方法以4′-溴-4-羟基-1,1′-联苯（2）为原料,经羟基烃化、溴金属锂交换及硼酸三异丙酯加成异丙酯酸水解、4-碘苯甲酸甲酯的Suzuki偶联及甲酯碱水解4步反应制备目标化合物。结果以79.5%~93.1%的总收率成功合成了目标化合物1a~1e,其结构经电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）和氢谱（1H NMR）确证。其中,化合物1a和1d为首次报道。结论该合成路线具有反应时间短、操作简便及收率高等优点。     

3-（3-羟基-1-甲基丙氧基）-1-丁醇和3-（3-羟基丁氧基）-1-丁醇的合成及其工艺改进

目的合成3-（3-羟基-1-甲基丙氧基）-1．丁醇（Ⅰ）和3-（3-羟基丁氧基）-1-丁醇（Ⅰ），并改进工艺提高产品纯度。方法以1，3-丁二醇为起始原料，通过硫酸催化双分子缩合、三苯甲基选择性保护、分离提纯、脱保护基4步反应得到目标化合物。结果与结论化合物Ⅰ的结构经。H．NMR13C-NMR谱确证，其含量经C-C测定，大于99．5％。化合物Ⅰ的纯度为90．0％，与文献相比纯度都有相应提高。     

(2S, 3S)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯丁酰胺的合成

目的 合成α-酮基酰胺肽类钙蛋白酶抑制剂的必需结构片段 (2S, 3S)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯丁酰胺（1）。 方法 以(S)-2-氨基-3-苯丙醇为起始原料,经过苄基保护、Parikh-Doering 氧化、氰化水解、酰胺化和脱保护共5步反应合成目标化合物。结果与讨论 目标化合物和中间体的结构均经1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱确证,该合成路线方法简捷,适于大量制备。     

头孢克洛中间体7-氨基-3-氯-3-头孢烯-4-酸的合成工艺研究

目的 优化7-氨基-3-氯-3-头孢烯-4-酸的合成工艺.方法 以青霉素G钾盐为起始原料,经酯化氧化、开环重排、氧化、闭环、氯化脱酰基、酯水解共6步反应合成头孢克洛中间体7-氨基-3-氯-3-头孢烯-4-酸.结果 与结论目标产物的结构经1H-NMR谱确证,总收率为38％(以青霉素G钾盐计),纯度达99.4％(HPLC法...     

3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物的合成及降糖活性的研究

目的 合成新的3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物,并初步筛选其降糖活性.方法 运用拼合原理,以具有降血糖活性的香豆素为母环,在结构中引入溴和磺酰脲基团并测定目标化合物对小鼠的降血糖效果.合成方法是以间甲酚为原料,通过Pechmann缩合反应得到4,7-二甲基香豆素,经溴加成、脱溴化氢、氯磺化得磺酰氯,再经氨化得磺胺,最后与异氰酸酯反应得目标化合物.结果 合成了12个3-溴-4,7-二甲基-6-磺酰脲香豆素类化合物(BMSU-1～BMSU-12),其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证.结论 初步药理实验表明:目标化合物BMSU-3、BMSU-10、BMSU-12对正常小鼠都有明显的降血糖作用(P<0.01).     

4-苄氧基-3-硝基-α-溴代苯乙酮的合成工艺改进

目的合成4-苄氧基-3-硝基-α-溴代苯乙酮,并进行工艺改进。方法以对羟基苯乙酮为原料,经过硝化、苄基化、溴代三步反应合成得到4-苄氧基-3-硝基-α-溴代苯乙酮,总收率达到45．2％。结果合成产物经熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振谱等分析确定结构正确;与文献报道一致。结论与其他文献方法比较,该法具有操作简单、收率高、污染小、成本低等特点,并可用于工业生产。     

2-脱氧-L-核糖重要中间体2-脱氧-α-1，3，4-O-苯甲酰-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖的合成工艺改进

目的合成2-脱氧-L-核糖的重要中间体2-脱氧-α-1，3，4-O-苯甲酰-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖。方法以L-厂阿拉伯糖为起始原料，经酰化、溴化、氢化三步反应合成目标化合物。结果改进后总收率由文献的30％提高到41．2％。其结构经质谱、氢谱测试确证。结论该工艺与文献相比操作简便，易于工业化大生产，收率高。     

4＇-溴甲基-2-联苯甲酸甲酯的合成

目的:合成4′-溴甲基-2-联苯甲酸甲酯.方法:以2-氰基-4′-甲基联苯为原料,经水解,酯化,溴代3步反应合成4′-溴甲基-2-联苯甲酸甲酯.结果:合成了4′-溴甲基-2-联苯甲酸甲酯,总收率70%.结论:本合成方法提高了反应收率,简化了操作,降低了成本.     

N-取代-5-羟基-1H吲哚-3-羧酸酯类衍生物的合成

目的:以阿比朵尔为先导化合物,设计并合成一系列4-取代胺甲基-5-羟基-1-烃基-2-苯硫基甲基-1H吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯盐酸盐.方法:以4-氯代乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料通过硫代、胺化、Nenitzescu反应、Mannich反应、成盐反应共5步反应制得目标产物.由薄层色谱(TLC)确定每步反应终点.结果:目标化合物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振光谱及质谱确证.结论:通过该合成方法合成了9个未见报道的新化合物.     

(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇的合成

目的研究拟β-肾上腺素(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇(1)的合成方法.方法以β-萘乙烯(2)为原料,通过烯烃的Sharpless不对称双羟化、环化、选择性开环、催化氢化、甲酰化、还原等6步反应制备目标产物.结果与结论设计的合成路线以β-萘乙烯计,6步反应总收率为39.3%,ee值高达97%～99%,合成路线易行.目标产物的结构经质谱、红外光谱、1H-NMR和13C-NMR确证.     

2-(2-(3-(2-(7-氯-2-喹啉基)乙烯基)苯基)-3-氧代丙基)苯基丙醇的合成工艺

目的对2-(2-(3-(2-(7-氯-2-喹啉基)乙烯基)苯基-3-氧代丙基)苯基)丙醇的合成工艺进行研究。方法以间氰基苯甲醛和邻甲基苯乙酮分别作为起始原料,经过缩合、格氏反应、羟基保护、羟甲基反应、卤化反应,缩合得到最终目标产物。结果总收率为质量分数47.5%。结论该工艺原料易得,降低了制备成本、简化了反应操作条件、提高了产率,更适合工业化生产。     

Synthesis of (Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids

(Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids were synthesized by a new method based on the following sequence of reactions: treatment of the tert-butyl acetoacetate with sodium nitrite, alkylation of the oxime formed with an appropriate alkyl halide, halogenation of methyl alpha-keto group and simultaneous cleavage of tert-butyl ester with sulfuryl chloride, protection of the obtained acid function with diphenyldiazomethane, formation of the 2-aminothiazole ring by the Hantzsch method with thiourea, formylation of the amino group and selective final cleavage of the diphenylmethyl ester by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid and anisol. The developed procedure allows the synthesis of (Z)-2-(2-formamido-4-thiazolyl)-2-(substituted alkoxyimino) acetic acids, with an ester function in the alkoxyimino group employing a simple method and obtaining higher yields in comparison with the habitually used classic method.     

Genotoxic Properties of (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU)

(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) is a 5-substituted2'-deoxyuridine antiviral compound that inhibits thymidylatesynthetase. The selectivity of BVDU for virus-infected cellshas been attributed to phosphorylation of BVDU by a virus-inducedthymidine kinase. Since the closely related compounds 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridineand 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine are in vitro and in vivo mutagens,BVDU was tested for genotoxic activity in bacterial and mammaliancell mutation assays as well as in assays measuring DNA damage/repairand clastogenic activity. Mutation assays with BVDU at concentrationsranging from 10 to 5000 µg/plate using Salmonella typhimuriumstrains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 were negative,both with and without S9 activation. BVDU was also negativein the in vitro rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis assayat concentrations of 750 and 1000 µg/ml. In contrast,BVDU was positive in the L5178Y TK^± mouse lymphoma mutationassay without S9 activation at five concentrations ranging from500 to 2000 µg/ml. A Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)/hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene mutation assay conductedwithout S9 over similar concentrations was negative. However,micronucleus induction by BVDU was detected with out S9 activationat concentrations between 500 and 1750 µg/ml using bothCHO and L5178Y cells. These results indicate that BVDU is apotential human clastogen.     

Cyclisierungen von N-(2-Phenylethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzamiden

Cyclisation of N-(2-Phenylethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzamides The cyclisation of the hydroxyamides 3 according to Bischler-Napieralski proceeds in three ways depending on the substituents at the aromatic rings: The amides 3c and 3d , the phenylethylamine parts (ring A) of which are not activated, close only ring C. The amide 3b , which is activated in ring A but - with regard to nucleophilic attack - deactivated in ring D (lactone part), closes ring B, too, after ring C has been closed. Finally, with 3a activated in ring A only, Bischler-Napieralski cyclisation (formation of ring B) takes place first and intramolecular N-alkylation (formation of ring C) follows.     

2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸的合成

以乙酰乙酸甲酯为原料,经亚硝化,硫酰氯氯化,环合,水解,精制五步反应制备了2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-(Z)-羟亚胺基乙酸,总收率38.8%。本品是合成头孢克肟、头孢他啶、头孢地尼等的重要中间体。     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of the carbocyclic analogues of (E)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines and (E)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidines

The carbocyclic analogues of the potent and selective antiherpes agents (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU), (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU), and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (BVDC) were synthesized by conventional methods with use of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyuridine as starting material. C-BVDU, C-IVDU, and C-BVDC were equally selective, albeit slightly less potent, in their antiherpes action than BVDU, IVDU, and BVDC. Although resistant to degradation by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases, C-BVDU did not prove more effective than BVDU in the systemic (oral, intraperitoneal) or topical treatment of HSV-1 infections in mice.     

Transporter-mediated actions of R-(-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane

R-(-)-1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane [(-)-BPAP] is a catecholaminergic and serotonergic activity enhancer that increases impulse-evoked catecholamine and serotonin release from nerve terminals, and is a candidate for symptomatic treatment of early Parkinson's disease. We now report the catecholamine and serotonin transporter-mediated actions of (-)-BPAP. The effects of (-)-BPAP on inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake and radioligand binding were assessed using human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293 cells) expressing cDNA for the human dopamine transporter (hDAT), norepinephrine transporter (hNET), and serotonin transporter (hSERT). The IC(50) values for the effects of (-)-BPAP on [3H]dopamine, [3H]norepinephrine, and [3H]serotonin uptake were 42+/-9, 52+/-19, and 640+/-120 nM, respectively. The IC(50) values for the effects of (-)-BPAP on [125I]3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester ([125I]RTI-55) binding to hDAT, hNET, and hSERT were 16+/-2, 211+/-61, and 638+/-63 nM, respectively. The effects of (-)-BPAP on spontaneous and tyramine-induced norepinephrine and dopamine release from rat brain synaptosomes using a superfusion system were also assessed. Tyramine but not (-)-BPAP potentiated norepinephrine release. Furthermore, (-)-BPAP inhibited tyramine-induced norepinephrine release. Thus, (-)-BPAP may block tyramine-induced adverse effects such as hypertensive crisis. The actions of (-)-BPAP on the spontaneous and tyramine-induced dopamine release resembled its effects on norepinephrine release. We conclude that (-)-BPAP is not only catecholaminergic and serotonergic activity enhancer, but also a norepinephrine and dopamine uptake inhibitor and a weak serotonin uptake inhibitor that does not possess a tyramine-like action on catecholamine release, and is an inhibitor of tyramine-induced release of norepinephrine.