牛蒡茶中微量元素溶出率及化学形态研究

目的:通过对牛蒡茶及浸泡液6种微量元素含量的检测,比较不同实验条件溶出率的差异。方法:采用不同浸泡水温和浸泡时间、不同浸泡次数及牛蒡茶清洗前后和浸泡液消化与否处理,用原子吸收法测定牛蒡茶及待测液的6种微量元素含量,比较溶出率的差异元素存在化学形态的关系。结果:牛蒡茶微量元素含量高,溶出率的顺序钙>锶>锰>锌>铜>铁,并且与浸泡时间和次数密切相关,溶出率高低与存在形态也相关。结论:结合微量元素含量和溶出率,牛蒡茶是一种很好的健康的微量元素补充食品,有开发利用价值。     

鱼腥草中8种微量元素的形态分析

目的对鱼腥草中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、Al、Sr和Cr 8种微量元素的化学形态进行分析。方法采用传统的煎煮法对上述8种元素进行提取,水煎液用0.45μm滤膜过滤分离为悬浮态和可溶态;用LSA-10大孔树脂将可溶态分为有机态和无机态;最后用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对各种形态中的上述8种元素进行测定。结果 Mg元素在鱼腥草中含量最高,Sr的含量最低,鱼腥草中8种微量元素的总提取率为3.87%~76.4%,悬浮态颗粒吸附率为0.23%~15.5%,加标回收率为95.1%~104.6%,检出限为2.2μg/L~8.1μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~4.5%。结论上述8种微量元素在鱼腥草中是以无机态为主,多种形态共存的复杂体系。     

超滤分离分析中草药茯苓中锰 镁 钾的初级形态

采用超滤分离法对中草药茯苓中生命元素Mn、Mg、K进行了初级形态的研究。用 0 4 5 μm滤膜将茯苓水煎液分成可溶态和悬浮态。对于可溶态 ,再用 0 2 2、0 15 μm以及分子量分别为 5万、1万的滤膜进行逐级分离。用火焰原子吸收法测定各级滤液中元素含量。结果表明 :茯苓水煎液中 ,Mg、K结合的络合物粒径主要在大于 0 2 2 μm和小于 3 8nm范围 ,Mn的络合物粒径分布在不同范围     

豨莶草中的有效微量元素研究

测定了三个产地的莶草及其水提液中的微量元素含量。探讨了其溶出率的意义。研究表明 ,溶出部分的微量元素才是有效的 ,中草药中微量元素的溶出率既与环境地域有关同时也与微量元素在中草药中的存在形态有关     

4种南药中微量元素溶出率的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定槟榔、益智、砂仁、巴戟天等4种南药药材及水煎液中13种微量元素Cu、Zn、M n、Fe、Co、Ni、Cr、Se、Sn、Cd、As、Hg、Pb的含量,并计算出药材水煎液中各微量元素的溶出率。结果表明,4种南药中13种元素的溶出率存在一定差异,其中M n、Se、Zn、Ni元素的溶出率较高,在12.3%~58.7%之间,Cr元素溶出率较低,为0%~0.2%之间。该结果为南药的有效成分研究提供了基础数据。     

Xi莶草中的有效微量元素研究

测定了三个产地的Ｘｉ莶草及其水提液中的微量元素含量。探讨了其深出率的意义。研究表明，溶出部分的微量元素才是有效的，中草药中微量元素的溶出率既与环境地域有关同时也与微量元素在中草药中的形态有关。     

川楝子中6种微量元素的形态分析

对川楝子中Mg、Fe、Sr、Zn、Mn和Cu 6种微量元素的化学形态进行了分析研究。先用传统的煎煮法进行元素提取,然后分别采用0.45μm微孔滤膜、LSA-10大孔吸附树脂柱、正辛醇/水分配体系,依次区分元素的可溶态和悬浮态、有机态和无机态、醇溶态和水溶态,最后用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)对湿法消解后的各种元素进行测定。结果表明:6种元素的提取率在16.6%~64.4%,悬浮态的颗粒吸附率在2.4%~27.9%,加标回收率在94.7%~103.7%,检出限为2.0~7.2μg/L,RSD≤5.1%。     

日照绿茶中6种微量元素溶出率的研究

目的:探讨日照绿茶中微量元素含量及溶出率。方法:用原子吸收分光光度计测定消化和浸泡两种不同处理下茶叶中微量元素的含量,以消化法测出的结果为基准,求茶叶浸泡液中各种微量元素的溶出率。结果:平均溶出率分别为Mg 21.9%、Cu 20.8%、Fe 2.45%、Zn 22.5%、Mn17.6%、Sr 20.3%。溶出率随浸泡次数增加而降低,总溶出量中80%的Mg、Cu、Zn、Sr、及10%左右的Fe和70%Mn在第1次浸泡中被溶出。结论:实验所得数据用于评估饮茶对6种微量元素的实际摄入量,指出茶叶不是这些元素的良好食物来源。     

茶叶中微量元素Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn的溶出率及化合态研究

用电感耦合等离子体－光发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＯＥＳ）测定市售茶叶中Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ等微量元素的含量及各元素沸水溶出率,平均溶出率分别为Ｃｒ３９．８％、Ｃｕ４２．５％、Ｆｅ８．６％、Ｍｎ４５．５％、Ｎｉ８７．１％、Ｚｎ７１．０％。溶出率随浸泡次数增加而降低,总溶出量中８０％的Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ及６０％的Ｆｅ在第一次浸泡中溶出。另外测定了６种元素在茶水中的化学形态,其中有机态     

竹叶中微量元素的形态分析

以正辛醇—水分配体系模拟竹叶的水煎液中Cu、Fe、Zn在人体肠胃中的分配情况,用原子吸收光谱法测定竹叶、竹叶水煎液以及水煎液中上述各元素水溶态和醇溶态的含量。初步探讨了酸度变化(人体胃肠酸度)对微量元素吸收的影响,结果表明,竹叶中微量元素的形态分布与作用靶位(胃、肠)的酸度有关。     

原子吸收光谱法测定排草中微量元素的含量

目的:采用原子吸收光谱法测定中药排草中的微量元素含量。方法:用硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)对样品进行消解,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定排草果中Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu微量元素的含量。结果:排草中Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu的含量分别为156.70、340.90、43.15、23.72μg/g。方法回收率在90.56%～103.8%之间,准确可靠,为排草的进一步开发提供参考。     

中药材黑芝麻中微量元素分析及其水煎液中汞元素的脱除

目的:普查多种中药材中汞含量,发现受检黑芝麻样品中汞含量达到0.639μg/g,超出中国商务部《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》(WM/T2-2004)中的规定水平,其溶出率为17.5%。因此,对黑芝麻及水煎液中11种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Co、Se、Mo、Hg、As、Cd、Pb)进行测定,探讨巯基滤纸脱除黑芝麻水煎液中汞元素的可行性。方法:采用高压密封消解法消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)测定微量元素含量,利用自制巯基滤纸过滤黑芝麻水煎液,对汞元素进行脱除。结果:铁和锰在黑芝麻中含量较丰富,分别为铁63.64μg/g,锰22.00μg/g;用巯基滤纸过滤黑芝麻水煎液的最大脱除率为76.9%。结论:黑芝麻中微量元素丰富,元素含量超标,巯基滤纸过滤脱除Hg的方法具有一定可行性。     

Interlaboratory evaluation of cellulosic acid-soluble internal air sampling capsules for multi-element analysis

An interlaboratory study was carried out to evaluate the use of acid-soluble cellulosic air sampling capsules for their suitability in the measurement of trace elements in workplace atmospheric samples. These capsules are used as inserts to perform closed-face cassette sample collection for occupational exposure monitoring. The interlaboratory study was performed in accordance with NIOSH guidelines that describe statistical procedures for evaluating measurement accuracy of air monitoring methods. The performance evaluation materials used consisted of cellulose acetate capsules melded to mixed-cellulose ester filters that were dosed with multiple elements from commercial standard aqueous solutions. The cellulosic capsules were spiked with the following 33 elements of interest in workplace air monitoring: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr. The elemental loading levels were certified by an accredited provider of certified reference materials. Triplicates of media blanks and multielement-spiked capsules at three different elemental loadings were sent to each participating laboratory; the elemental loading levels were not revealed to the laboratories. The volunteer participating laboratories were asked to prepare the samples by acid dissolution and to analyze aliquots of extracted samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in accordance with NIOSH methods. It was requested that the study participants report their analytical results in units of μg of each target element per internal capsule sample. For the majority of the elements investigated (30 out of 33), the study accuracy estimates obtained satisfied the NIOSH accuracy criterion (A < 25%). This investigation demonstrates the utility of acid-soluble internal sampling capsules for multielement analysis by atomic spectrometry.     

4种生发功效中药微量元素Cu Zn的测定

目的:测定4种具生发功效中药茯苓、白芍、黑芝麻、核桃仁中Zn、Cu两种微量元素的含量。方法:硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)混酸分解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定。结果:4种中药中Zn、Cu两种元素含量存在差异,含量大小为:核桃仁>白芍>黑芝麻>茯苓,回收率在95.0%~109.3%之间,平均RSD<3.6%。结论:4种具生发功效中药中两种元素含量存在差异,可为进一步研究药效与微量元素之间的关系提供一定的参考。     

微量元素与糖尿病

对近年来有关微量元素锌、铬、钒、锂与糖尿病关系的研究进展进行了综述。通过生化、动物实验及临床的途径 ,阐述了微量元素影响葡萄糖在体内代谢的作用机制 ,及其用于临床观察的初步结果。对进一步深入研究微量元素与糖尿病的关系及防治糖尿病提供了科学依据     

夏枯草茎微量元素分析

使用灰化法处理样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定夏枯草茎中的铬、银、锌、镍、镉、铁、铜的含量。结果表明,除Ag元素未检出外,夏枯草茎的微量元素含量Cr、Zn、Ni、Cd、Fe、Cu分别为4.040、11.824、3.896、0.080、71.92、12.440μg/g,各元素含量Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cd,加标回收率为98.6%~111.1%,该法测定快速、简单,具有可行性。     

Determinants of insulin availability in parenteral nutrition solutions

BACKGROUND: Management of hyperglycemia in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) often includes the addition of regular insulin to the PN solution. A literature review has shown insulin availability in such solutions to range from 10% to 95%. This discrepancy in availability may be due to differences in the composition of the PN solution, the final concentration of insulin, or the assay method used to determine insulin concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate insulin recovery from a standard PN solution used at our medical center. METHODS: Solutions were manually prepared in our pharmacy according to standard practice. Multivitamins and trace elements were added to 1 of 2 L of solution each day. Each of 3 simulated patients received 2 L of solution per day for 3 consecutive days. Samples from each bottle were drawn at baseline, 1 hour after the start of infusion, and 1 hour before the end of infusion and were subsequently analyzed for immunoreactive insulin levels by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Recovery of insulin from solutions containing multivitamins and trace elements was much greater (95%) than from those without (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of multivitamins and trace elements is a major determinant of insulin availability in PN solutions. Additional research is necessary to determine the mechanism mediating this effect and to assess its clinical significance.     

Trace element contamination of total parenteral nutrition. 2. Effect of storage duration and temperature.

BACKGROUND: Patients who receive home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) frequently are supplied with solutions up to 30 days in advance of anticipated use. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of trace elements relative to time and temperature conditions, in a typical adult TPN solution stored in a usual home environment by examining variations in delivery of intended trace elements and inadvertent trace element contamination. METHODS: Trace element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology. The effect of the delivery apparatus, storage duration (36 hours or 30 days) after compounding, and storage temperature (4 degrees C or 20 degrees C) were examined. RESULTS: The delivery apparatus contaminated the delivered TPN solution with cobalt but did not alter trace elements formulated into the TPN solution. Storage duration and temperature significantly decreased three (Zn, Cu, and Mn) of the six trace elements formulated into the TPN solution. Higher temperatures and longer duration of storage accelerated this decrease. Boron, Al, V, Ti, Ba, Sr, and CO were the trace elements that appeared as contaminants during storage. Boron, Al, V, and Ti contamination decreased with higher temperatures and longer duration of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Longer storage duration and higher storage temperature progressively reduced the deliverable concentrations of trace elements specifically formulated into the TPN solution and also of those trace elements that were not formulated into the TPN solution but that appeared as contaminants.     

山西省太原地区健康老年人常量及微量元素水平研究

目的 :了解山西省太原地区老年人人发中常量及微量元素在人体内的蓄积水平。方法 :采集健康老年人人发为样本 ,成年人人发为对照 ,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP-AES)测定 2 4种常量及微量元素 ,应用美国 SPSS公司研制的科研通用电脑软件 ,进行卫生学统计。结果 :确认了 Ca、Mg、Sr、Zn等 2 4种元素的正常值 (x± s)、标准差 ,通过卫生学统计表明 ,山西省太原地区人发中 ,随着年龄的增长 ,老年人人发中微量元素含量比起成年人微量元素含量有降低的趋势。结论 :研究老年人人发中常量及微量元素蓄积水平对于了解人体微量元素组成分布、生理需要量、为制定人体生物材料中微量元素含量的参照值提供了依据。     

冬凌草片溶出度测定方法的建立

目的 研完并建立冬凌草片溶出度测定方法.方法 按中国药典2010年版附录中溶出度测定第三法,分别以5％乙醇溶液、0.1mol·L-1盐酸溶液、水、磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)500mL为溶出介质,转速为75r·min-1,采用HPLC法测定冬凌草片中冬凌草甲素在溶出介质中的浓度.结果 冬凌草甲素在0.4～1.2μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为99.2％,RSD=0.72％.结论 本法测定冬凌草片的溶出度科学、准确、简便,可用于冬凌单片的质量控制.