巴戟天根、茎、叶中甲基异茜草素、水晶兰苷、多糖的分布与积累研究

目的 测定巴戟天根、茎、叶中甲基异茜草素、水晶兰苷和多糖的含量,揭示其分布和积累规律.方法 分别采用HPLC法、紫外分光光度法,测定不同生长年限的巴戟天根、茎、叶中甲基异茜草素、水晶兰苷及多糖的含量.结果 种植2～6年的巴戟天根、茎、叶中甲基异茜草素的含量分别为2.61～9.98、0.69 ～ 3.87、0.11 ～0.41 μg·g-1;水晶兰苷的含量分别为9.1744～16.4693、8.4812 ～13.3430、14.1367 ～23.1610 mg·g-1;多糖的含量分别为76.8191 ～ 249.6826、44.3812～96.2719、61.0919～ 167.9649mg·g-1.结论 巴戟天中甲基异茜草素和多糖主要分布在根中,水晶兰苷主要分布在叶中.在种植2～6年间,甲基异茜草素和多糖的含量呈先上后降的变化趋势,水晶兰苷的含量则不断积累.     

HPLC测定巴戟天中的水晶兰苷

目的 以水晶兰苷为指标,评价商品巴戟天的质量.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromalsil C18柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液(5:95→8.8:71.2,15 min),流速为1 ml·min-1;检测波长为231 nm;柱温为25℃.结果 商品巴戟天中水晶兰苷的含量差异较大,仅广东省德庆县高良镇巴戟天规范化种植基地的4.5年生样品中水晶兰苷的含量较为稳定.结论 商品巴戟天的质量参差不齐,应从源头上控制巴戟天的质量.     

巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分含量测定和提取方法的研究

目的 建立测定巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分含量的方法,并研究其最佳提取方法。方法 以巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分水晶兰苷、去乙酰基车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷酸和车叶草苷为对照品,采用HPLC法进行含量测定。色谱柱为艾杰尔Venusil MP C_l8柱（250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm）,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸+0.01 mol/L磷酸氢二钠缓冲盐（B）梯度洗脱（0~12 min,1%~2% A;12~30 min,2%~25% A）,检测波长为235 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25 ℃,进样量为20 μl。采用单因素考察和正交试验优化巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分的提取方法。结果 水晶兰苷、去乙酰车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷酸和车叶草苷在0.375~12、0.13~4.16、0.016~0.516和0.012~0.384 μg范围内,线性关系良好;重复性、精密度、加样回收率和稳定性试验结果均符合要求。优化的巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分的最佳提取方法为：巴戟天药材用16倍10%乙醇浸泡9 h,渗漉提取,流速为0.8 BV/h。结论 此法可准确、灵敏地测定巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分的含量,并可使该类成分得到充分提取。     

基于水晶兰苷含量优选制巴戟天炮制工艺

摘 要 目的：以制巴戟天中水晶兰苷含量为指标,优选制巴戟天炮制工艺。 方法: 以甘草用量、拌炒时间和煮制锅温为考察因素进行正交试验设计,采用HPLC法测定各样品中水晶兰苷含量：色谱柱为Kromalsil C₁₈（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液（90∶10）;柱温为30℃;流速为1 ml·min^-1;检测波长为233 nm;进样量为5 μl。结果: 制巴戟天经不同工艺炮制后,各试验号水晶兰苷平均含量分别为0.535 6,0.582 4,0.523 4,0.589 1,0.578 6,0.587 8,0.575 2,0.609 1,0.558 7 mg·g^-1,说明制巴戟天炮制工艺的改变对水晶兰苷的含量有影响。结论:基于水晶兰苷含量的制巴戟天最佳炮制工艺为：甘草用量为6%,拌炒时间为10 min,煮制锅温为100 ℃。     

UPLC-MS/MS同时测定巴戟天中4个环烯醚萜苷的含量北大核心CSCD

目的:建立UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定巴戟天中4个环烯醚萜苷(水晶兰苷、去乙酰车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷酸和车叶草苷)含量。方法:巴戟天以甲醇回流提取;采用Xbridge BEH C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.3%甲酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱;电喷雾离子源,负离子多反应监测模式监测,内标法测定。结果:水晶兰苷、去乙酰车叶草苷酸,车叶草苷酸和车叶草苷质量浓度在.015~79.65、0.030~96.00、0.042~21.00、0.018~37.50μg·m L^(-1)范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系(R20≥0.994 9);平均加样回收率分别为99.4%、98.5%、98.1%、97.7%,RSD分别为2.3%、2.5%、3.5%、4.1%;不同产地巴戟天中车叶草甘酸和车叶草甘的含量差异较大;结论:该方法可靠,简便,可用于巴戟天中环烯醚萜苷的快速检测。     

不同炮制去心法对巴戟天水晶兰苷含量的影响

摘 要 目的： 比较不同炮制去心方法炮制的巴戟天中水晶兰苷的含量。方法: 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromalsil C₁₈（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液（90∶10）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长232 nm,进样量为5 μl。结果:巴戟天各去心炮制品中水晶兰苷含量以润法最高,其次为煮法,泡后蒸法,泡法,清蒸法,最低为盐蒸法。结论: 润法去心对巴戟天中水晶兰苷的含量影响最小,其炮制品中水晶兰苷含量最高。     

星点设计-效应面法优化酒制巴戟天的炮制工艺

目的 以水晶兰苷为指标建立酒制巴戟天最佳炮制工艺。方法 采用星点设计-效应面法以辅料黄酒用量、润药时间为考察因素,水晶兰苷的含量变化为评价指标,优化酒蒸巴戟天的炮制工艺。结果 星点设计-效应面法优化酒制巴戟天的最佳炮制工艺为：辅料黄酒用量为10%（g/g）、浸润时间为1 h,蒸透,干燥。结论 以黄酒用量、浸润时间为考察因素,水晶兰苷为评价指标的响应面法能够用于优化酒蒸巴戟天的最佳炮制工艺。     

红芪根、茎、叶中总皂含量比较

以乙醇为溶剂，回流提取红芪根、茎、叶中的总皂苷，于560nm处测定，结果以黄芪甲苷计，红芪根、茎、叶中总皂含量分别为22．49，9．92，36．22mg/g，提示红芪叶总皂苷还高于根中含量。     

HPLC法测定水晶兰中水晶兰苷的含量

建立HPLC法测定水晶兰中水晶兰苷的含量。采用Kromalsil C18(4.6mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液(85:15);检测波长为231nm;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温为25℃。该测定方法具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997);平均回收率为98.7%,能准确测定水晶兰药材中水晶兰苷的含量。     

紫外分光光度法测定哈萨克斯坦产肉苁蓉中苯乙醇总苷的含量

目的：建立用分光光度法测定肉丛蓉中苯乙醇苷类成分含量的方法。方法：生药肉丛蓉用乙醇回流提取，提取液经浓缩，乙酸乙酯脱酯和正丁醇萃取有效成分等步骤，再经大孔树脂AB－8吸附，甲醇洗脱，用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果：测定的范围为3．20－32．0mg.L^-1，平均回收率为100．6％，RSD＝3．5％，结论：本法可作为哈萨克斯坦肉丛蓉含量测定的方法。     

Antinociceptive anti-inflammatory effect of Monotropein isolated from the root of Morinda officinalis

The root of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and impotence in the traditional Oriental medicine. To identify the antinociceptive anti-inflammatory components of this crude drug, we adopted an activity-directed fractionation approach. The active fraction of the BuOH extract of M. officinalis root was subjected to silica gel and ODS column chromatography to yield two diterpenes, compounds 1 and 2 and these were identified as monotropein and deacetylasperulosidic acid, respectively. The iridoid glycoside, monotropein, was tested for its anti-inflammatory antinociceptive effects using hot plate- and writhing antinociceptive assays and by using carrageenan-induced anti-inflammatory assays in mice and rats. Pretreatment with monotropein (at 20, 30 mg/kg/d, p.o.) significantly reduced stretching episodes and prolonged action time in mice. It also significantly reduced acute paw edema by carrageenan in rats. These results indicate that monotropein contributes to the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action of Morinda officinalis root.     

基于国家药品评价性抽检的巴戟天饮片质量分析与研究

目的：通过国家药品评价性抽检工作，了解市场上的巴戟天饮片质量及存在的问题，为巴戟天的质量标准提高和市场监管提供数据支持。方法：从全国24个省级行政区抽取巴戟天饮片，按照《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版（一部）巴戟天性状项和薄层鉴别项方法开展检验工作，并进行DNA条形码技术、指纹图谱、环烯醚萜含量测定、真菌毒素残留量共4项探索性研究，分析检验结果以评价巴戟天饮片的市场情况。结果：本次抽检的88家企业的巴戟天饮片共计108批，按照国家法定标准检验的合格率为100%。DNA条形码技术可以有效区分巴戟天及其混伪品。指纹图谱研究结果显示，正品巴戟天指纹图谱相似度均超过95%，混伪品相似度均低于70%。含量测定结果显示，不同巴戟天炮制品中环烯醚萜从种类和含量上具有显著性差别。真菌毒素筛查试验结果显示，有1批样品的黄曲霉毒素G1超出药典限度。结论：按标检验结果显示，市场上巴戟天饮片质量基本合格。根据探索性研究结果，建议标准增加环烯醚萜含量测定和黄曲霉毒素限量检查。     

Monotropein exerts protective effects against IL-1β-induced apoptosis and catabolic responses on osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis, characterized by a loss of articular cartilage accompanied with inflammation, is the most common age-associated degenerative disease. Monotropein, an iridoids glycoside isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis How, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, monotropein was firstly to exhibit cartilage protective activity by down regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the knee synovial fluid in vivo. The anti-apoptotic and anti-catabolic effects of monotropein on rat OA chondrocytes treated by IL-1β were investigated in vitro. In cultured chondrocytes, monotropein attenuated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in response to IL-1β stimulation. Moreover, treatment with monotropein, the expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-13 were significantly decreased, the expression of COL2A1 was increased. Taken together, these findings suggested that monotropein exerted anti-apoptosis and anti-catabolic activity in chondrocytes, which might support its possible therapeutic role in OA.     

鸡筋参与巴戟天微量元素含量测定的对比研究

目的:了解鸡筋参中微量元素的种类及含量,并与巴戟天所含微量元素进行比较。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度法测定。结果:鸡筋参含6种人体必需微量元素。结论:与巴戟天所含微量元素相比较,鸡筋参含Fe、Cu、Mo的量高于巴戟天,Mn、Zn的含量低于巴戟天。     

Monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis ameliorates proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via NF-κB inactivation

We previously demonstrated that monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Monotropein was found to inhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with monotropein decreased the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Consistent with these findings, monotropein also suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α), and consequently the translocations of NF-κB. In the DSS-induced colitis model, monotropein reduced disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammation-related protein expressions by suppressing NF-κB activation in colon mucosa. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein are mainly related to the inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.     

Chemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia roots exhibit hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

The hypoglycemic effects of the chemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia roots was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The CHCl3, EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O soluble phases of the MeOH extract of M. citrifolia roots were administrated orally to STZ-induced diabetic mice. Only the n-BuOH soluble phase showed a significant reduction of the blood glucose levels. From the biologically active n-BuOH soluble phase, two iridoids and three anthraquinones were isolated as main constituents. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis to be deacetylasperulosidic acid (1), asperulosidic acid (2), damnacanthol-3-O-beta-D-primeveroside (3), lucidin 3-O-beta-D-primeveroside (4) and morindone-6-O-beta-D-primeveroside (5). 3 and 4 exhibited the hypoglycemic effects, which were anthraquinones with no substituents in one aromatic ring.     

Final report on the safety assessment of Calendula officinalis extract and Calendula officinalis

Calendula Officinalis Extract is an extract of the flowers of Calendula officinalis, the common marigold, whereas Calendula Officinalis is described as plant material derived from the flowers of C. officinalis. Techniques for preparing Calendula Officinalis Extract include gentle disintegration in soybean oil. Propylene glycol and butylene glycol extractions were also reported. Components of these ingredients are variously reported to include sugars, carotenoids, phenolic acids, sterols, saponins, flavonoids, resins, sterins, quinones, mucilages, vitamins, polyprenylquinones, and essential oils. Calendula Officinalis Extract is reported to be used in almost 200 cosmetic formulations, over a wide range of product categories. There are no reported uses of Calendula Officinalis. Acute toxicity studies in rats and mice indicate that the extract is relatively nontoxic. Animal tests showed at most minimal skin irritation, and no sensitization or phototoxicity. Minimal ocular irritation was seen with one formulation and no irritation with others. Six saponins isolated from C. officinalis flowers were not mutagenic in an Ames test, and a tea derived from C. officinalis was not genotoxic in Drosophila melanogaster. No carcinogenicity or reproductive and developmental toxicity data were available. Clinical testing of cosmetic formulations containing the extract elicited little irritation or sensitization. Absent any basis for concluding that data on one member of a botanical ingredient group can be extrapolated to another in a group, or to the same ingredient extracted differently, these data were not considered sufficient to assess the safety of these ingredients. Additional data needs include current concentration of use data; function in cosmetics; ultraviolet (UV) absorption data; if absorption occurs in the UVA or UVB range, photosensitization data are needed; gross pathology and histopathology in skin and other major organ systems associated with repeated dermal exposures; dermal reproductive/developmental toxicity data; inhalation toxicity data, especially addressing the concentration, amount delivered, and particle size; and genotoxicity testing in a mammalian system; if positive, a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity assay performed using National Toxicology Program (NTP) methods is needed. Until these data are available, it is concluded that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations.     

2010-2020年巴戟天研究进展

目的:对2010-2020年期间巴戟天的研究进行整理归纳,了解其发展现状并对其发展前景进行展望.方法:通过文献研究,总结其在品种考证和资源分布、化学成分、质量标准、DNA分子条形码、炮制方法、提取工艺、含量测定等方面的研究进展.结果 与结论:总结发现近10年巴戟天的研究取得了较大进展:确定了巴戟天的基原问题,探索部分化...     

不同种质资源的巴戟天化学成分的指纹图谱研究

目的建立巴戟天含蒽醌类化学成分HPLC指纹图谱的分析方法,研究不同种质资源的巴戟天药材的质量。方法采用梯度洗脱的方法进行色谱分离,使用计算机辅助相似度评价软件进行数据处理,对不同种质资源的巴戟天药材指纹图谱的相似度进行比较分析。结果规范化种植基地巴戟天药材指纹图谱相似度较好,但不同种质资源的巴戟天药材指纹图谱有明显的差异。结论所用方法稳定,重复性好,可用于评价不同类型巴戟天药材的质量;不同种质资源的巴戟天药材含蒽醌类化合物化学组成相似,但相对比例有明显的差异。