吻合血管腓骨游离移植治疗创伤性胫骨大段骨缺损

目的 观察吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损的疗效.方法 采用吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损患者6例,男5例,女1例,骨缺损长度平均5.5 cm,切取腓骨长度平均10.8 cm.结果 所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,移植骨全部愈合且管径逐渐增粗.平均随访3年1个月,在患肢活动、负重后无移植骨骨折,供区踝关节无畸形.结论 吻合血管腓骨游离移植是治疗创伤性胫骨大段缺损的有效方法之一.     

带血管腓骨移植治疗骨肿瘤截除后骨缺损

总结２２例四肢骨肿瘤截除后骨缺损，采用带血管腓骨移植修复，其中吻合血管腓骨移植１５例，带血管蒂腓骨移位移植７例，手术效果满意。本术式的适应证为：长管骨良性或低度恶性肿瘤，肿瘤较局限，全身情况较好者，骨肿瘤截除后缺损在７ｃｍ以上者。同时讨论了该术式在骨肿瘤治疗中的价值等。     

吻合血管腓骨游离移植治疗创伤性胫骨大段骨缺损

目的 观察吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损的疗效.方法 采用吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损患者6例,男5例,女1例,骨缺损长度平均5.5 cm,切取腓骨长度平均10.8 cm.结果 所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,移植骨全部愈合且管径逐渐增粗.平均随访3年1个月,在患肢活动、负重后无移植骨骨折,供区踝关节无畸形.结论 吻合血管腓骨游离移植是治疗创伤性胫骨大段缺损的有效方法之一.     

吻合血管腓骨游离移植治疗创伤性胫骨大段骨缺损

目的 观察吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损的疗效.方法 采用吻合血管腓骨游离移植创伤性胫骨大段缺损患者6例,男5例,女1例,骨缺损长度平均5.5 cm,切取腓骨长度平均10.8 cm.结果 所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,移植骨全部愈合且管径逐渐增粗.平均随访3年1个月,在患肢活动、负重后无移植骨骨折,供区踝关节无畸形.结论 吻合血管腓骨游离移植是治疗创伤性胫骨大段缺损的有效方法之一.     

带血管蒂腓骨移植治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎骨缺损

因创伤所致胫骨慢性骨髓炎骨缺损常伴有局部广泛瘢痕形成及骨外露、窦道等,治疗上非常棘手,用传统的植骨方法多难以奏效,笔者自2000年5月～2008年10月,用带血管蒂同侧腓骨移植治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎骨缺损20例,疗效显著.     

带血管蒂腓骨移植治疗胫骨长段骨缺损

目的 报道带血管蒂腓骨移植在胫骨长段骨缺损中的应用价值.方法 应用带血管蒂腓骨移植治疗胫骨长段骨缺损6例.血源性骨髓炎骨缺损2例,先天性胫骨假关节1例,外伤性骨缺损3例.结果 术后6～9个月复查X线片发现移植腓骨与胫骨之间出现骨连接.结论 带血管蒂腓骨移植是治疗胫骨长段骨缺损的有效方法.     

吻合血管蒂游离腓骨肌皮瓣移植并植骨治疗胫骨骨髓炎骨缺损

慢性骨髓炎常伴有死骨和骨不连,手术切除死骨后将形成并加重骨缺损、骨不连。自2003—10—2010—04笔者彻底切除病灶,切取对侧带血管腓骨肌皮瓣游离移植并植骨,一期修复胫骨慢性骨髓炎并长段骨缺损9例,效果良好,报告如下。     

Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia

We reviewed the clinical results of reconstruction performed for extensive tibial bone and soft tissue defect with a free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft in 46 patients (43 male and 3 female). The mean duration of follow-up was 30 months (range 13-76 months). The mean age at the time of reconstruction was 41 years (range 15-66 years). In the 46 consecutive procedures of free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular grafts, bony union was achieved in 43 grafted fibulae at an average of 3.75 months after operation. There were two delayed unions and one non-union. Forty-four cutaneous flaps survived, and two cutaneous flaps failed due to deep infection and venous insufficiency. One necrotized cutaneous flap was replaced with a latissimus dorsi free flap and the other with a soleus muscle rotational flap without replacing the grafted fibulae; unions were obtained without significance complications. All grafted fibulae hypertrophied during the follow-up periods. The most common complication was fracture of the grafted fibulae in 15 patients, and it occurred at an average of 9.7 months after the reconstruction. The fractured fibulae were treated with long leg above-the-knee cast immobilization or internal fixation with conventional cancellous bone graft. Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft is a good treatment modality for the reconstruction of extensive bone and soft tissue defect in the leg. Fracture of the grafted fibula, one of the most common complications after this operation, can easily be treated with cast immobilization or internal fixation with conventional cancellous bone graft.     

Ipsilateral vascularised fibular transport for massive defects of the tibia

The ipsilateral and contralateral fibulae have been used as a vascularised bone graft for loss of tibial bone usually by methods which have involved specialised microvascular techniques to preserve or re-establish the blood supply. We have developed a method of tibialisation of the fibula using the Ilizarov fixator system, ipsilateral vascularised fibular transport (IVFT), and have used it in five patients with massive loss of tibial bone after treatment of an open fracture, infected nonunion or chronic osteomyelitis. All had successful transport, proximal and distal union, and hypertrophy of the graft without fracture. One developed a squamous-cell carcinoma which ultimately required amputation of the limb. The advantage of IVFT is that the fibular segment retains its vascularity without the need for microvascular dissection or anastomoses. Superiosteal formation of new bone occurs if the tibial periosteal bed is retained. Other procedures such as corticotomy and lengthening can be carried out concurrently.     

Free vascularized fibular grafts for reconstruction of skeletal defects

Nourished by the peroneal vessels, the versatile free vascularized fibular graft can be transferred to reconstruct skeletal defects of the extremities. It may be combined with skin, fascia, muscle, and growth-plate tissue to address the needs of the recipient site. It may be cut transversely and folded to reconstruct the length and width of tibial or femoral defects. The main indications for this graft are defects larger than 5 to 6 cm or with poor vascularity of the surrounding soft tissues. Detailed preoperative planning, experience in microvascular techniques, and careful postoperative follow-up are necessary to minimize complications and improve outcome. The free vascularized fibular graft has been successfully applied as a reconstruction option in patients with traumatic or septic skeletal defect, after tumor resection, and has shown promise in patients with congenital pseudarthrosis.     

Limb reconstruction with vascularized fibular grafts after bone tumor resection

Limb-salvage operations are being used with increasing frequency for patients with malignant bone tumors. For children, when a biologic reconstruction is desired, the choice is often between conventional and vascularized fibular grafts. An experimental study was performed in dogs to compare the two types of fibular grafts for bridging segmental defects in the radius and ulna. Twenty-six adult dogs were divided into two groups and studied at intervals of two, three, four, six, and 12 months after transplantation. The conventional grafts healed by creeping substitution i.e., they were first partially resorbed before new bone was laid down. In contrast, the vascularized fibulae maintained their normal structure and hypertrophied by subperiosteal new bone formation. The conventional fibulae eventually hypertrophied but much later than the vascularized grafts. The vascularized grafts were stronger at four and six months. Between six and 12 months, both grafts remodeled to resemble the size and shape of the forearm bones they were replacing. These experimental results have influenced the treatment of patients. Vascularized fibular grafts are ideal for diaphyseal defects greater than 10 cm long, especially in very young children, a poorly vascularized bed, or when bone healing is delayed by chemotherapeutic agents. To maximize hypertrophy, an external fixator is used to immobilize the graft rather than a plate, which acts as a stress shield.     

Pedicled vascularized fibular graft with Ilizarov external fixator for reconstructing a large bone defect of the tibia after tumor resection

Background

Large bony defects in the middle or distal third of the tibia resulting from surgical resection of malignant bone tumors present a difficult reconstructive challenge. Various methods of reconstruction are available, such as allografts, vascularized fibular graft (either free or pedicled), or endoprothesis replacement for distal defects.

Materials and methods

Twelve patients—eight males and four females with mean age of 18 years at operation (range 14–25 years)—with malignant bone tumors of the tibial shaft were selected as candidates for wide resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the bony defect by ipsilateral vascularized fibular graft based on the peroneal vessels. Preoperative staging studies, including plain radiography, local MRI, isotopic bone scan, and chest CT, were done for every patient before biopsy. Ilizarov external fixation was then applied in all cases. The average length of the bony gap bridged was 14.5 cm (13–16.5 cm) and the mean length of the harvested graft was 16.3 cm (15–18 cm). The average operation time was 7.5 h (5.5–9.5 h).

Results

The mean follow-up period was 38 months (range 32–52 months). Bony union at the proximal and distal ends of the fibula occurred in nine patients (75 %) and at a mean time of 5.5 months (range 4.5–8 months). Graft hypertrophy occurred in all patients. The mean percentage of hypertrophy was 95 % (range 80–160 %). The mean MSTS functional score was 84 % (range 80–92 %). A leg length discrepancy of 2 cm was reported in two patients and was managed using a shoe lift.

Conclusion

Reconstruction of bony defects of the middle or distal tibia after bone tumor resection using pedicled vascularized fibula is a useful limb salvage procedure. The procedure can be performed relatively quickly and inexpensively and has a low rate of late complications. It leads to a good outcome regarding the union, hypertrophy, and function.     

Application of vascularized fibular graft for deformity after long-bone tumor segment resection

This paper reported the application of vascularized fibular transplantation for repairing the long-bone defects after bone tumor segment resection in 38 cases, the indication of the operation, the main points of tumor segment resection and defect repairing in different parts of the body as well as the selection of vessel anastomosis in the recipient are are discussed.     

Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia in 51 consecutive cases

The authors reviewed retrospectively the clinical results of 51 consecutive cases of vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia for the reconstruction of extensive tibial bone and soft-tissue defects. The mean duration of follow-up was 31 months (range: 13 to 76 months). In the 51 procedures of free vascularized osteocutaneous fibula graft from the contralateral side, bony union was achieved in 48 cases at an average of 3.74 months after the operation, except for two cases of non-union and two cases of delayed union. Forty-eight cutaneous flaps survived, and three cutaneous flaps failed due to deep infection and venous thrombosis. All united fibulae hypertrophied during the follow-up periods. Stress fracture of the grafted fibula was the most common complication (16 cases), and it was treated with above-the-knee cast immobilization or internal fixation with a conventional cancellous bone graft. The free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft is recommended as a useful treatment modality for the reconstruction of extensive tibial defects combined with soft tissue injury.     

复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的应用

目的探讨复合骨移植在下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中重建骨缺损的手术原理及效果。方法应用携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，重建下肢骨肿瘤切除后的长段骨缺损12例。其中，骨肉瘤6例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，骨纤维结构不良2例，骨巨细胞瘤3例。结果12例经术后8～38个月随访，1例死于肺转移，2例带瘤存活，9例无瘤存活。术后功能优良率达75％。10例术后3个月内X线示骨端骨性愈合，2例内固定失败重新外固定后骨性愈合，所有均在9个月内能完全负重行走。结论携带监测皮岛吻合血管的自体腓骨与深低温冷冻大段同种异体骨复合移植，适用于下肢骨肿瘤保肢术中的长段骨缺损的修复，具有自体活骨移植和异体骨移植的双重优点。     

Free vascularized fibular grafts in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia

Five patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated by a free vascularized fibular graft are described. Follow-up evaluation ranged from 15 to 81 months, with a mean of 40 months. Bony union was attained in three of five cases as determined roentgenographically. The remaining two cases failed to attain bony union. All cases except one, who was treated with a below-knee amputation, subsequently attained bony union. However, four cases had five fractures after bony union. We discussed unsolved problems regarding the free vascularized fibular graft and fracture after bony union.