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1.
Nadine Petrovsky Ulrich Ettinger Henrik Kessler Rainald Mössner Steffen Wolfsgruber Norbert Dahmen Wolfgang Maier Michael Wagner Boris B. Quednow 《Psychopharmacology》2013,229(1):31-40
Rationale
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, a measure of sensorimotor gating, can be enhanced by nicotine. Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.Objectives
We tested whether this CHRNA3 polymorphism also modulates the nicotine-induced enhancement of PPI.Methods
We assessed the effect of nicotine on PPI, startle reactivity, and habituation in 52 healthy nonsmoking volunteers genotyped for CHRNA3 rs1051730 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, within-subjects design. Additionally, cotinine plasma levels were measured.Results
Nicotine significantly enhanced PPI in TT homozygotes only and tended to worsen PPI in TC and CC carriers. Additionally, nicotine significantly reduced startle habituation.Conclusions
The present findings imply that the effect of nicotine on sensorimotor gating is modulated by nAChR α3-subunits. Thus, genetic variation in nicotinic receptor genes might be an important connecting link between early attentional processes and smoking behavior. 相似文献2.
Mark G. LeSage Jennifer L. Perry Catherine M. Kotz David Shelley William A. Corrigall 《Psychopharmacology》2010,209(2):203-212
Rationale
The hypocretin (hcrt) system has been implicated in addiction-relevant effects of several drugs, but its role in nicotine dependence has been little studied. 相似文献3.
Calhoun PS Wagner HR McClernon FJ Lee S Dennis MF Vrana SR Clancy CP Collie CF Johnson YC Beckham JC 《Psychopharmacology》2011,215(2):379-389
Rationale
Exaggerated startle response is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) although results examining differences in the acoustic startle response (ASR) between those with and without PTSD are mixed. One variable that may affect ASR among persons with PTSD is smoking. Individuals with PTSD are more likely to smoke and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. While smokers with PTSD report that smoking provides significant relief of negative affect and PTSD symptoms, the effects of smoking or nicotine deprivation on startle reactivity among smokers with PTSD are unknown. 相似文献4.
Andrés P. Varani Ester Aso Lirane Machado Moutinho Rafael Maldonado Graciela N. Balerio 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(15):3031-3040
Rationale
Nicotine is a major active ingredient in tobacco and plays a major role in tobacco addiction. In rodents, repeated nicotine administration produces behavioral responses related to its addictive properties, such as reinforcing effects and physical dependence.Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of GABAB receptor in responses induced by repeated nicotine administration in Swiss Webster mice.Results
Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration induced rewarding properties in the conditioning place preference test. The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen (3 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the rewarding properties induced by nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.). In addition, naloxone-precipitated nicotine withdrawal induced somatic manifestations, anxiety-like effects in the elevated plus maze test and dysphoric manifestations in the conditioned place aversion paradigm. Baclofen (2 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the somatic manifestations and the anxiety-like effects associated with naloxone-precipitated nicotine withdrawal but not the dysphoric manifestations.Conclusions
These results showed that nicotine rewarding properties and negative aspects of nicotine withdrawal, such as anxiety-like effects and somatic manifestations, can be modulated by the GABAB receptor activity. This study now reveals a novel possible application of baclofen to develop new therapeutic strategies to achieve smoking cessation. 相似文献5.
Rationale and objective
Empirical studies indicate that nicotine enhances some aspects of attention and cognition, suggesting a role in the maintenance of tobacco dependence. The purpose of this review was to update the literature since our previous review (Heishman et al. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2:345–395, 1994) and to determine which aspects of human performance were most sensitive to the effects of nicotine and smoking. 相似文献6.
Mehmet Sofuoglu Aryeh I. Herman Marc Mooney Andrew J. Waters 《Psychopharmacology》2009,207(1):153-162
Rationale
Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is approved for smoking cessation. A few preclinical studies examined the pharmacological effects of varenicline, alone or in combination with nicotine. How varenicline affects the pharmacological effects of pure nicotine has not been examined in humans. The goal of this study was to characterize varenicline’s actions on nicotine’s dose-dependent effects in abstinent smokers. 相似文献7.
Rationale
Individual differences in the rate of nicotine metabolism (RNM) could be related to dependence and success in stopping smoking. A range of studies have examined RNM measured by the ratio of trans-3′-hydroxycotinine and cotinine in body fluids (the ratio). A systematic review of this literature is needed to draw conclusions and identify gaps in evidence. 相似文献8.
Introduction
The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline has greater efficacy than other pharmacotherapeutic aids for smoking cessation. This presents an opportunity to evaluate the predictive validity of rat models of nicotine taking and relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of varenicline to attenuate nicotine self-administration and relapse, as modelled by the reinstatement model of nicotine relapse in rats. 相似文献9.
Susan C. McQuown Jasmin M. Dao James D. Belluzzi Frances M. Leslie 《Psychopharmacology》2009,207(1):143-152
Rationale
Epidemiological evidence of early adolescent tobacco use, prior to that of marijuana and other illicit drugs, has led to the hypothesis that nicotine is a “gateway” drug that sensitizes reward pathways to the addictive effects of other psychostimulants. 相似文献10.
Rationale
The synthesis and release of met-enkephalin and β-endorphin, endogenous ligands for δ-opioid peptide receptors (DOPrs), are altered following nicotine administration and may play a role in nicotine addiction. 相似文献11.
Increased anxiety is one of the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal that may lead to relapse. Previous studies have shown that nicotine withdrawal affects anxiety-like behavior in different tests of anxiety in humans and rats. However, relatively few studies have focused on the anxiogenic effect of nicotine withdrawal in mice. The present study investigated the effect of nicotine withdrawal on anxiety-like behavior in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mouse strains in the light-dark box, acoustic startle response, and prepulse inhibition tests. An initial experiment showed that nicotine administration of 12 or 24 mg/kg/day (free base) for 14 days did not result in significant effects during withdrawal in startle, prepulse inhibition, or light-dark box, but there was a trend towards an anxiogenic effect in the light-dark box 24 h, but not 1 or 4 h, after cessation of nicotine administration. A subsequent study was therefore performed, with minipumps delivering saline, 24 mg/kg/day nicotine, or 48 mg/kg/day nicotine (free base), for 14 days. The pumps were removed, and the mice were tested 24 h after cessation of nicotine administration. Cessation of administration of 48 mg/kg/day nicotine free base in C57BL/6J mice resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior in the light-dark box, while the behavior of DBA/2J mice was unaffected. The acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition were also unaffected in both strains. In conclusion, the present data show that nicotine withdrawal is mildly anxiogenic in C57BL/6J mice under the conditions used in the present experiments. 相似文献
12.
Brandon TH Drobes DJ Unrod M Heckman BW Oliver JA Roetzheim RC Karver SB Small BJ 《Psychopharmacology》2011,218(2):391-403
Rationale
Varenicline is an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist that has been found to be effective for treating tobacco dependence. However, the subjective and behavioral mediators of its efficacy are not known. 相似文献13.
Rationale
Several lines of evidence support a role for the endogenous opioid system in mediating behaviors associated with drug dependence. Specifically, recent findings suggest that the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) may play a role in aspects of nicotine dependence, which contribute to relapse and continued tobacco smoking. 相似文献14.
Rationale
The question of the subtype(s) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediating the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine is still unsettled. While early studies pointed towards subtypes other than the homomeric α7 nAChR, pro-cognitive effects of α7 nAChR agonists have since been demonstrated. 相似文献15.
Rationale
Nicotine has been shown to improve both memory and attention when assessed through speeded motor responses. Since very few studies have assessed effects of nicotine on visual attention using measures that are uncontaminated by motoric effects, nicotine’s attentional effects may, at least partially, be due to speeding of motor function. 相似文献16.
Robert A. Schnoll Tony P. George Larry Hawk Paul Cinciripini Paul Wileyto Rachel F. Tyndale 《Psychopharmacology》2014,231(12):2515-2523
Rationale
Variability in the rate of nicotine metabolism, measured by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), is associated with smoking behavior. However, data linking the NMR with nicotine dependence measured by the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) are mixed. Few past studies have examined alternative measures of nicotine dependence and how this relationship may vary by sex and race.Objective
Using data from smokers undergoing eligibility evaluation for a smoking cessation clinical trial (n?=?833), this study examined variability in the relationship between NMR and nicotine dependence across sex and race and using three measures of nicotine dependence: FTND, time-to-first-cigarette (TTFC), and the heaviness of smoking index (HSI).Results
Controlling for sex and race, nicotine metabolism was associated with nicotine dependence only when using the HSI (p?<?0.05). Male normal metabolizers of nicotine were more likely to have high nicotine dependence based on the FTND and HSI (p?<?0.05), but NMR was not related to measures of nicotine dependence in women. For African Americans, the NMR was associated with nicotine dependence only for the TTFC (p?<?0.05), but NMR was not associated with nicotine dependence among Caucasians. Post hoc analyses indicated that the NMR was associated with cigarettes per day, overall, and among men and Caucasians (p?<?0.05).Conclusions
While there was some variation in the relationship between nicotine metabolism and nicotine dependence across measures and sex and race, the results indicate that this relationship may be more attributable to the association between NMR and cigarettes per day. 相似文献17.
Rationale
Agonist medications have been proven effective in treating opioid and nicotine dependence; results from clinical studies suggest that the indirect dopamine agonist d-amphetamine may reduce cocaine abuse. In preclinical studies, chronic d-amphetamine treatment decreased ongoing cocaine self-administration. 相似文献18.
Ishida S Kawasaki Y Araki H Asanuma M Matsunaga H Sendo T Kawasaki H Gomita Y Kitamura Y 《Psychopharmacology》2011,214(4):923-931
Rationale
Negative motivational withdrawal from acute opiate dependence was induced by an opioid antagonist, and the withdrawal signs prevented by pretreatment with nicotine. 相似文献19.
Rationale
Experimental evidence indicates that nicotine causes long-lasting changes in the brain associated with behavior. Although much has been learned about factors participating in this process, less is known concerning the mechanisms and brain areas involved in nicotine preference. 相似文献20.
The present study investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex
in healthy men. Cigarette smoking in a group of overnight smoking-deprived smokers increased PPI as compared to the smoking-deprived
condition. This finding is consistent with previous animal studies showing that nicotine increases PPI of the acoustic startle
reflex. In addition, cigarette smoking also reduced startle amplitude during the first 6–7 min of the post-smoking session.
Received: 4 March 1996 / Final version: 17 June 1996 相似文献