膝关节盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型相关性的MRI分析

目的:进行盘状半月板的流行病学研究,探讨膝关节盘状半月板的诊断标准、分型及其与年龄、撕裂类型的关系,以提高对盘状半月板及撕裂MRI表现的认识。方法:对842例诊断为盘状半月板的患者按年龄分为≤19岁、20³9岁、4039岁、40⁵9岁、≥60岁组。对全部患者冠状面髁间棘层面半月板宽度与胫骨平台宽度之比(板面比)、矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度及矢状面"领结样"改变层数进行测量、分析。根据盘状半月板MRI表现,分为板型、楔型、肥角型。分析盘状半月板分型、年龄与撕裂类型的关系。结果:盘状半月板以外侧多见,女性发病率是男性的1.64倍。842例中,板型535例、楔型274例、肥角型33例。半月板撕裂354例,撕裂率为42.0%。842例板/面比均≥0.20,矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度≥4.40mm。盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型及年龄分布有关系,而年龄分布与撕裂类型无明显相关。结论:盘状半月板多见于外侧,常伴半月板撕裂。板面比≥0.20、矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度≥4.40mm、矢状面连续≥3层"领结样"改变,为盘状半月板的MRI诊断标准;盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型有关系;年龄可影响盘状半月板分型。     

膝关节盘状半月板类型及损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨外侧盘状半月板的MRI分型特征及不同类型盘状半月板撕裂的发生率.资料与方法将89例MRI表现典型的外侧盘状半月板分作两组,即未成年组和成年组,其中未成年组35例(36膝),4～17岁(平均13.2岁);成年组54例(57膝),18～74岁(平均42.0岁).将盘状半月板分作板型、楔型、肥角型.分析不同类型的盘状半月板合并半月板撕裂的发生率.结果未成年组板型26膝、楔型4膝、肥角型6膝;成年组板型36膝、楔形15膝、肥角型6膝.两组盘状半月板类型的发生比率无显著性差异(P＞0.10).无论未成年组或成年组均以板型常见.不同类型盘状半月板发生撕裂的比率有显著性差异(P＜0.005),肥角型全部显示半月板撕裂,板型盘状半月板撕裂比率高于楔型.结论无论成年组或未成年组的盘状半月板多见于外侧,其盘状半月板类型的分布两组间无显著差异.而不同类型的盘状半月板合并半月板撕裂的概率是有差异的,因此,MRI检查对临床确定治疗盘状半月板的方案很有帮助.     

膝关节盘状半月板及撕裂的MRI诊断

目的 探讨盘状半月板的MRl分型及其撕裂的MRI诊断.方法 对55例(57膝)经手术或关节镜证实且有完整MRI资料的盘状半月板进行回顾性分析,观察盘状半月板的形态、大小及信号改变,包括半月板宽度和厚度的测量.结果 57膝盘状半月板,56膝发生在外侧,只1膝在内侧.57膝中,板型34膝,楔型15膝,肥角型8膝,其中46膝盘状半月板发生撕裂、7膝伴有变性.结论 盘状半月板多见于外侧,且常并发半月板撕裂或变性.     

膝关节盘状半月板的MRI诊断

目的　探讨膝关节盘状半月板的MRI表现以及MRI诊断盘状半月板的标准。材料与方法　对 2 6例经手术或关节镜证实的盘状半月板和 3 0例健康志愿者的膝关节进行MRI检查 ,对正常及盘状半月板的形态、大小及信号改变进行对照观察 ,包括半月板宽度和厚度的测量。结果　 2 6例盘状半月板中 ,2 5例为外侧盘状半月板 ,只有 1例为内侧盘状半月板 ,18例为厚板型 ,8例为楔型。冠状面上 ,盘状半月板体部平均宽度及厚度明显大于正常半月板 ,分别为 2 3 .4mm、11.5mm (P <0 .0 5 )和 3 .2mm、0mm(P <0 .0 1)。但盘状半月板边缘厚度与对侧半月板厚度差超过 2mm者只有 6例。矢状面上 ,连续 3层或 3层以上显示盘状半月板的前后角相连形成“领结”样改变 ,而正常半月板只有 2层有此表现。 2 6例盘状半月板中 ,2 4例并发半月板变性或撕裂。结论　盘状半月板多见于外侧半月板。盘状半月板特征性的MR表现是盘状半月板明显较正常半月板厚、大 ,MRI检查易于诊断。盘状半月板常并发半月板变性或撕裂。     

MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MRI对军事训练致膝关节盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析36例武警部队军人盘状半月板资料,其中33例经关节镜证实盘状半月板撕裂,33例撕裂病例均有明确的军事训练致伤史,观察盘状半月板形态、大小及信号改变,判断盘状半月板及其损伤分型。结果:36例盘状半月板,均发生在外侧。36例中,板型21例,楔型9例,肥角型6例。33例盘状半月板发生撕裂,以关节镜为诊断标准,MRI诊断膝关节盘状半月板准确率为100%,MRI诊断盘状半月板水平撕裂、斜行撕裂、纵行撕裂、放射状撕裂、桶柄状撕裂及复杂撕裂的准确性分别为91.7%、94.4%、100%、97.2%、91.7%、94.4%。结论:MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板撕裂能清晰显示、准确分型,对临床治疗方案的制定有重要的指导作用,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

The value of MRI in the diagnosis of injury of discoid meniscus

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析89例(151个膝关节)盘状半月板及其损伤的MRI、关节镜及手术资料.结果:89例盘状半月板中,88例(150个膝关节)为外侧盘状半月板,1例(1个膝关节)为内侧盘状半月板,表现为半月板增大、增宽、增厚,矢状面上可见≥3个层面前后角相连,冠状面髁闻棘层面半月板宽度>15 mm.本组中81例(138个膝关节)伴半月板损伤,发生率为91.40%,MRI表现为半月板不同程度变性或撕裂.与膝关节镜及手术对照,MRI图像对半月板损伤诊断的特异度为92.31%、敏感度为99.28%,对I～Ⅱ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为95.00%;对Ⅲ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为98.98%.结论:MRI能准确判断盘状半月板类型及其损伤的范围和程度,是诊断盘状半月板及其损伤的最佳检查方法.     

MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析89例(151个膝关节)盘状半月板及其损伤的MRI、关节镜及手术资料。结果:89例盘状半月板中,88例(150个膝关节)为外侧盘状半月板,1例(1个膝关节)为内侧盘状半月板,表现为半月板增大、增宽、增厚,矢状面上可见≥3个层面前后角相连,冠状面髁间棘层面半月板宽度>15mm。本组中81例(138个膝关节)伴半月板损伤,发生率为91.40%,MRI表现为半月板不同程度变性或撕裂。与膝关节镜及手术对照,MRI图像对半月板损伤诊断的特异度为92.31%、敏感度为99.28%;对Ⅰ～Ⅱ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为95.00%;对Ⅲ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为98.98%。结论:MRI能准确判断盘状半月板类型及其损伤的范围和程度,是诊断盘状半月板及其损伤的最佳检查方法。     

盘状半月板的MRI诊断

目的探讨盘状半月板及损伤的MRI表现及诊断标准。方法回顾性分析40例盘状半月板测量方法;盘状半月板分型及损伤诊断标准。结果本组40例均为外侧盘状半月板。24例为厚板型,16例为楔型。38个合并不同程度半月板损伤,损伤率95%。结论MRI检查是诊断盘状半月板的首选方法;半月板与相应层面胫骨平台横径之比(板/面比)超过40%是诊断盘状半月板必要的标准。     

盘状半月板的四肢MR成像价值

目的：评价低场强四肢MR诊断盘状半月板的应用价值。方法：回顾分析经关节镜或手术证实为盘状半月板的20例患者的低场强四肢专用MR图像，对冠状位半月板测量。结果：均为外侧半月板。矢状位，半月板前、后角相连均超过三个层面，冠状位，半月板体部最窄处宽度超过15mm。结论：四肢专用MR矢、冠状位可准确的诊断盘状半月板。     

盘状半月板MRI表现（附56例分析）

目的分析56例盘状半月板MRI表现,以提高盘状半月板诊断正确率.材料和方法经手术、关节镜确诊的56例盘状半月板,对其MR图像不同层面进行测量,参照Crues等有关半月板损伤行MRI分级.结果56例盘状半月板形态学分型凹透镜型29例,厚板型10例,簸箕型5例,后角肥大型8例,不完全型4例,其中央薄弱部分以粉碎性撕裂为主,周缘厚实部分以退变为主,MRI诊断与手术对比总符合率为89.3%;结论对各种盘状半月板的认识有助于提高MRI诊断盘状半月板的正确率,并对外科手术有指导意义.     

盘状半月板的磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨盘状半月板及其继发病变的磁共振诊断方法和价值。材料和方法23例盘状半月板病例中10例为关节镜证实,另收集23例非盘状半月板膝关节MRI作为对照组。结果MRI上外侧半月板中部宽度与外侧胫骨平台的比率超过50％为盘状半月板可靠的依据。板内Ⅲ级信号改变可为变性、板内撕裂或显性撕裂。结论MRI诊断盘状半月板及其继发病变具有很高的价值。     

MRI of discoid lateral meniscus]

We retrospectively reviewed the MR examinations of 10 patients (17 knees) with surgically documented discoid lateral meniscus of the knee joint. As MRI of the knee is being used more often, the criteria for diagnosis of this entity with MRI need to be established. We tried to define MRI criteria for the detection of discoid menisci by performing numerical measurements of MR images on a display screen. The transverse diameter of the midbody of a discoid lateral meniscus averaged 21.9 mm (normal control: 8.6 mm), and its proportion to the transverse width of the tibia averaged 29.4% (normal control: 12.0%). The measurable difference in height between the discoid and the medial meniscus was negligible. The number of sagittal sections on which the anterior and posterior horns connected varied from two to five in cases of discoid lateral meniscus, and from zero to two in normal controls. Among these parameters, the transverse diameter and its proportion of the transverse width of the tibia proved to be the most reliable. We concluded that a discoid meniscus is indicated if a transverse diameter of a lateral meniscus exceeds 15 mm (proportion to the tibia: 20%).     

Comparison of the insertion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus: discoid versus non-discoid

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the insertion sites of the posterior horn between discoid and non-discoid lateral meniscus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Two hundred and twenty-seven patients who had MRI scans before surgery and underwent arthroscopy were enroled in this study. A coronal view showing the narrowest width of the midbody of the lateral meniscus was chosen to measure the widths of the entire tibial plateau and the midbody of the lateral meniscus. Considering the ratio of the meniscal width to the tibial plateau width, the patients were divided into non-discoid, incomplete discoid, and complete discoid groups. On a coronal view accurately showing the insertion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, a distance between the peak of the lateral tibial eminence and the centre of the insertion of the posterior horn, and a width of the lateral tibial plateau between the lateral edge of the tibial plateau and the peak of the lateral tibial eminence were measured.

Results

The insertion centre of the posterior horn was located more medially in the incomplete and complete discoid groups than in the non-discoid group (p = 0.003, 0.010, respectively). When individual differences in the knee size were corrected, the insertion centre of the posterior horn in the incomplete discoid and complete discoid groups was located more medially than in the non-discoid group (p = 0.009, 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion

The insertion centre of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is located more medially to the apex of the lateral tibial eminence in the discoid group than in the non-discoid group. This finding needs to be considered for an accurate position of the posterior horn of lateral meniscus during the lateral meniscal allograft transplantation.

Level of evidence

IV.

     

后角肥大型盘状半月板的动态MRI研究

目的 通过后角肥大型盘状半月板的动态分析,探讨后角肥大型盘状半月板的形成原因.资料与方法 总共40例患者分为两组,一组为后角肥大型盘状半月板,另一组为随即选取的板型或凹面镜型盘状半月板.首先对所有患者进行膝关节伸直位MR扫描,再令患者适当活动膝关节,然后膝关节维持在屈曲30°位进入磁体扫描.分别观察前后两次扫描半月板的形态变化,并测量半月板后缘的最大厚度.结果 20例后角肥大型盘状半月板患者中,有9例在活动后半月板发生了明显的形态变化,最大厚度明显降低,转变为板型或凹面镜型盘状半月板.而板型或凹面镜型盘状半月板没有发生明显形态变化.两组病例在伸直位向屈曲位变化时半月板后缘的最大厚度的改变量间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 后角肥大型盘状半月板可能是板型或凹面镜型盘状半月板变形后的一种表现.     

Discoid lateral meniscus and the frequency of meniscal tears

Objective. To use MRI to determine the incidence of discoid lateral menisci in a large study population, and to compare those patients with those without a discoid meniscus in order to assess the impact of a discoid lateral meniscus on the frequency of meniscal tears. Design and patients. Results of 1250 knee MRI studies were retrospectively reviewed. Using the criterion of three or more meniscal body segments on sequential sagittal images, 56 patients were found to have a discoid lateral meniscus. After exclusion of patients with prior knee surgery, 49 patients with a discoid lateral meniscus were compared with 1146 patients without a discoid meniscus. Patients were categorized as having tears of the medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, or both menisci. Results. In our study population, there was a 4.5% incidence of discoid lateral meniscus. Seventy-one percent of patients with a discoid lateral meniscus had one or more meniscal tears, compared with 54% of the comparison group (P=0.01). The frequency of solitary lateral meniscal tears in the discoid group was also higher than in the comparison group: 20%.versus 11% (P=0.03). The frequency of solitary medial meniscal tears and concomitant tears of both menisci were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions. The discoid lateral meniscus is an uncommon variant, but not as rare as once believed. Compared with the normal semilunar meniscus, the discoid lateral meniscus has a higher frequency of meniscal tears, and solitary tears of the lateral meniscus are more common in the discoid variant. The frequency of medial meniscal tears is not altered by the presence of a discoid lateral meniscus. Received: 17 August 2000 Revision requested: 11 December 2000 Revision received: 15 January 2001 Accepted: 16 January 2001