长沙市男男性行为者人群性行为特征分析

目的了解长沙市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)的行为状态及艾滋病病毒感染状况。方法在男男性行为者社区中进行匿名问卷调查。结果被调查者年龄为25.9±6.8,绝大部分(89.9%)年龄为20～40岁;55.2%的人只有同性性行为,异性恋的占4.4%;第一次与男性发生性行为的年龄为24.1±6.8岁,最近6个月与男性发生肛交行为时每次都使用安全套的仅为39.4%;同时与女性发生过性行为的占19.8%,HIV确证感染率3.1%,梅毒确证阳性率15.6%。结论男男性行为者中无保护性肛交行为普遍存在,HIV感染率高,是长沙市艾滋病防治的重点人群之一,应加强对这类人群的行为干预,降低其危险行为发生,从而降低HIV感染率。     

Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors

CONTEXT: While recent pharmacological advances have generated increased public interest and demand for clinical services regarding erectile dysfunction, epidemiologic data on sexual dysfunction are relatively scant for both women and men. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction across various social groups and examine the determinants and health consequences of these disorders. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the National Health and Social Life Survey, a probability sample study of sexual behavior in a demographically representative, 1992 cohort of US adults. PARTICIPANTS: A national probability sample of 1749 women and 1410 men aged 18 to 59 years at the time of the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction as well as negative concomitant outcomes. RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent for women (43%) than men (31%) and is associated with various demographic characteristics, including age and educational attainment. Women of different racial groups demonstrate different patterns of sexual dysfunction. Differences among men are not as marked but generally consistent with women. Experience of sexual dysfunction is more likely among women and men with poor physical and emotional health. Moreover, sexual dysfunction is highly associated with negative experiences in sexual relationships and overall well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that sexual dysfunction is an important public health concern, and emotional problems likely contribute to the experience of these problems.     

云南省曲靖市存在两性性伴的男男性行为者艾滋病高危行为调查分析

目的了解曲靖市存在两性性伴的男男性行为者艾滋病高危行为状况,确定干预工作的重点。方法采用"滚雪球"的方式接触目标人群,进行一对一问卷调查。结果存在两性性伴的男男性行为者,女性性伴数平均为(1.05±0.22)人,男性性伴数平均为(3.78±2.59)人。最近一次与男性性伴肛交时使用安全套的占72.7%;最近一次与女性发生性行为时,使用安全套的仅占22.0%。结论曲靖市存在两性性伴的男男性行为者,无保护性行为较常见,存在较大感染和传播艾滋病的风险。     

绵阳市年轻男男性行为者性行为特征及肛交多性伴影响因素

目的 了解年轻男男性行为者（YMSM）性行为特征现状,分析肛交多性伴影响因素。方法 以四川省绵阳市15~24周岁YMSM为对象,用滚雪球抽样法招募调查对象,进行社会人口学及性行为等调查和血清学检测。肛交多性伴影响因素单因素分析用χ²检验,多因素分析用非条件Logistic回归。结果 共回收有效问卷362份,近6个月肛交63.8%、异性性伴7.7%、男性商业性伴8.8%、固定性伴74.7%、偶然性伴53.3%,多性伴32.3%,性角色插入方31.3%、被插入方41.0%、均可27.6%。多性伴者HIV-抗体阳性率15.4%,高于无多性伴的6.1% (P=0.004）。多因素分析结果显示,社区朋友>10人、曾自杀未遂、浴室/公园/互联网型寻找性伴、近6个月偶然性伴、近6个月固定性伴无保护肛交是多性伴危险因素,年龄>18岁、文化程度大专及以上是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 YMSM具一定性行为特征,多性伴与人口学特征、社会及性行为相关联,应针对性开展行为干预。     

勃起功能障碍的心理因素分析

目的调查阴茎勃起功能障碍的心理致病因素及心理治疗方法。方法对 80例患者采用Hawton分类法作心理易患因素、促成因素、维持因素的调查 ,并进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果压制性教育、性教育缺乏、不合理的期望、性交流缺乏为本次调查中发生率最高者 ,分别为 62人次 (占 77.5 % )、78人次 ( 97.5 % )、70人次 ( 87.5 % )及 78人次 ( 97.5 % )。进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析 ,进入回归模型的有压制性教育、性教育缺乏、性交流缺乏、性交焦虑、性创伤、害怕亲近、生活方式。结论阴茎勃起功能障碍与心理因素密切相关 ,应注意改善和治疗勃起功能障碍患者的心理致病因素。     

Impact of Delivery Types on Women''''s Postpartum Sexual Health

Objective To investigate the impact of childbirth on the sexual health of primiparous women in China and the prevalence of women's postpartum sexual problemsMethod In this cross-sectional study, obstetric records of 460 primiparous women delivering a live-birth at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between November 1, 2000 and July 31, 2001 were analyzed together with the data collected from questionnaire survey conducted six months after delivery.Results Totally 460 women participated in the questionnaire survey. Though 94.74% of the subjects had resumed sexual activity within six months after birth, most of them had experienced postpartum sexual problems, among which dyspareunia was the most common type. There was no significant association between delivery types and women's sexual health status in six months after birth, including their satisfactory degree of sexual intercourse, sexual desire, sex active rate, the incidence of dyspareunia and pubococcygeal muscl     

重庆城区男子性功能状况的初步调查

目的：研究重庆城区男子性功能状况，即勃起功能障碍和早泄的患病率、危险因素及性交频率。方法： 2001年7月～10月在重庆市某城区的社区进行随机抽样男子健康问卷调查，共访问18～69岁的男子990人。量表由北京大学人民医院设计，它包括一般情况和中国人勃起功能指数问卷（Chinese Index of Erectile Function ,CIEF）、性交频率及早泄。CIEF<22分为评分ED；受调查者自我评分的勃起功能障碍为自评ED。问卷调查表的结果用SPSS10.0统计学软件处理。结果：本调查评分ED的患病率为44.8%，自评ED为21.5%；大于40岁男子评分ED的患病率为 69.7%，自评ED为 37.4%；在高龄组的患病率高于低年龄组。早泄的患病率为8.1%。随着年龄增大，性交频率下降。影响ED患病的危险因素有躯体疾病和社会因素。结论： ED和早泄的患病率随年龄增高而增加，但性交频率随年龄增高而降低；躯体疾病和社会因素等是ED的危险因素。     

经性途径传播的HIV感染者性行为特征及对二代传播率的影响

目的：了解经性途径传播的HIV感染者的性行为特征,并估计其二代传播率。方法：通过现场调查和文献查阅对新报告的经性途径感染的HIV阳性者感染告知前6个月内的相关情况进行调查,应用二代传播率数学模型估计二代传播率。结果：共调查HIV感染者769例,其中女性186人,异性性行为男性(men who have sex with women,MSW) 286人,男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)242人,双性性行为男性(men who have sex with men and women,MSMW)55人;其平均性伴数分别为2.29,1.61,3.32和4.10;6个月的性频次分别为26.03,20.97,14.77和25.51次;不安全性行为比例分别为74.14%,73.53%,59.60%和72.06%;6个月的二代传播率分别为0.0095,0.0151,0.1759和0.1985。在其他因素固定不变的条件下,如果性伴数减少1个、每月性频次减少1次、不安全性行为比例降低20%,则二代传播率将分别下降30.13%~82.00%,23.00%~49.51%和16.10%~19.09%。结论：在HIV感染者中,MSMW有最大的二代传播风险,性行为特征改变能显著降低HIV的二代传播风险。     

男性双性性行为者性取向及群体性行为特征分析

目的研究男性双性性行为者性取向构成及群体性行为特征。方法选择男男性行为者(MSM)聚集的浴池、酒吧、公园、会所为目标场所,采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取473名兼有异性性行为的MSM,开展匿名问卷调查,同时进行艾滋病和梅毒血清学检测。对社区志愿者组织(CBO)关键人物及场所业主开展深度访谈。对相关信息资料进行定性和定量分析。结果 473名MSM中,检出HIV阳性率为4.44%,梅毒阳性率为20.93%;同性恋占52.22%,双性恋占36.36%,异性恋占6.34%,性取向不确定者占5.08%;75.90%的人曾与异性谈过恋爱;在性角色扮演方面,"1"(扮演"丈夫"者)占37.63%,"0.5"(可扮演"丈夫"或"妻子"者)占45.03%,"0"(扮演"妻子"者)占比最低,为16.28%,拒答者占1.06%;通过网络途径结识性伴的占31.50%;65.96%的人经历过"一夜情";性行为时坚持使用安全套比例为37.21%。结论男性双性性行为人群性取向构成多元化,多性伴现象严重,安全套使用率低,应有针对性地加强该人群的干预。     

绵阳市男男性行为者异地性行为现状及影响因素

目的了解男男性行为者(MSM)异地性行为现状,分析影响因素。方法 2016年2—11月,以四川省绵阳市辖区MSM为对象,采用滚雪球抽样法,在知情同意下,进行调查对象招募调查及血清学检测。结果合格调查1 073人中,有异地性行为者为6.7%。异地性行为地方为附近县的15.3%、绵阳34.7%、成都15.3%、省外等其他地区34.7%。每天平均性行为(1.6±1.038)次,偶然性伴72.1%、固定性伴27.9%。寻找性伴场所类型69.1%为网络型、11.8%为家庭型,肛交有保护性73.5%。异地性行为HIV感染率12.5%,高于无异地性行为的5.5%(P0.05)。多因素分析,离异丧偶、本地居住时间短、生理需求为第一需求、最近1次肛交无保护性行为、近6个月肛交人数≥2发生异地性行为可能性较高(P均0.05)。结论 MSM异地性行为以大中城市、网络型、偶然性伴为主,无保护、多性伴比例较高,增大了HIV感染和跨区域传播风险。     

四川省绵阳市年轻男男性行为者偶遇性伴及关联因素分析

目的 了解年轻男男性行为者（young men who have sex with men, YMSM）偶遇性伴现状,分析关联因素。方法 2016年9月—2019年9月用“滚雪球”抽样法,对绵阳市YMSM偶遇性伴现状进行问卷调查和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒血清学检测,用χ²检验,多因素二分类Logistics回归分析偶遇性伴的关联因素。结果 共调查351人,最近6个月有肛交250人,其中有偶遇性伴者112人,占44.8%（112/250）,平均性伴（1.9±1.6）人,每次使用安全套者92人。最近6个月有无偶遇性伴者HIV、梅毒阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素分析发现,性角色均可（OR=2.921,95%CI：1.079~4.864）、最近6个月多性伴（OR=9.424,95%CI：4.494~19.762）、最近6个月群交（OR=25.537,95%CI：2.098~310.891）、自我接纳得分越高（OR=1.627,95%CI：1.104~2.398）者有偶遇性伴的可能更大,最近6个月有固定性伴者（OR=0.082,95%CI：0.035~0.188）有偶遇性伴的可能更小（P<0.05）。结论 YMSM偶遇性伴普遍,其偶遇性伴与性角色、性行为和自我接纳相关联,行为风险较大,应针对性开展行为干预。     

新疆女性性工作者艾滋病知识与行为现况调查

目的了解新疆女性性工作者艾滋病知识与行为现况,分析新疆艾滋病高危人群存在的问题,为艾滋病干预策略提供科学依据和建议。方法采用目的抽样方法抽取新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁、喀什、哈密4个地区不同服务场所的女性性工作者为调查对象,对其进行问卷调查。结果新疆女性性工作者学历和年龄较低,对艾滋病相关基本知识总知晓率为76.35%,不同地区女性性工作者艾滋病相关基本知识知晓率有差异,但不同民族女性性工作者对艾滋病相关基本知识知晓率无差异;对艾滋病感染者持正向态度者占75.76%,有28.01%女性性工作者具有多性伴行为,安全套每次都使用率为63.93%,少数民族女性性服务者安全套使用率低于汉族,4个地区女性性工作者安全套使用率有差异;性工作者对艾滋病预防服务的总体满意度为75.06%。结论预防艾滋病要对不同地区进行系统规模的艾滋病预防服务工作,充分发挥电视、广播电台等大众传媒的作用,同时大力推广安全套的使用,使性服务者对安全套防病作用有正确的认识并有所提高,转变不安全性行为。     

Erectile impotence precipitated by organic factors and perpetuated by performance anxiety.

A survey of 72 men with erectile impotence showed that for 14 the onset had been concurrent with the start of a temporary physical disability (in 8), temporary exposure to a chemical agent in doses thought to be significant (in 4) or the return of sexual opportunity after a long period of celibacy or near-celibacy (in 2 older men). After elimination of that possible cause the impotence had persisted owing to anxiety about sexual performance. In another 6 of the 72 there were persistent nonpsychic causes for the impotence. Thus, in 28% of the men surveyed the precipitating cause of erectile impotence was organic. A large proportion of the cases of erectile impotence participated by a temporary nonpsychic factor could probably have been prevented with appropriate professional advice--for example, at the time an antihypertensive drug capable of causing the dysfunction was first prescribed.     

安徽、四川两地大学生性健康知识和性相关行为调查

目的:了解当代大学生性健康知识和性行为的相关情况。方法:采用性健康知识量表和性相关行为问卷测量安徽、四川两地大学生性健康知识和性相关行为情况,数据采用SPSS 16.0统计软件包进行统计分析。结果:两地大学生性健康知识较为匮乏,表现为女生明显低于男生;性相关行为活跃呈多样性趋势,男生显著活跃于女生、同性性接触、强迫性关系等表现。结论:中国大学生急需性健康知识教育,尤其需侧重女大学生性知识健康知识教育及男大学生性健康行为教育,同时应关注性和性别多样性、性别教育、性与法律和性与社会教育。     

Attitude towards intimate partner violence against women and risky sexual choices of Jamaican males

For young Jamaican men, it is necessary to prove their virility to their peers and prove to their parents that they are of heterosexual orientation. These demands have produced a society in which men are sexually aggressive, even to the point of using violence to control the sexual choices of women. This paper examines whether Jamaican men who support intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are more likely to have unsafe sexual practices and social attitudes that could increase women 's risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. Men who responded 'yes' to violence against women are more likely themselves to have multiple sexual partners and less likely to use condoms consistently. They are also more likely to have forced a partner to have sex within the last year. Multivariate regression analysis shows that men who responded 'yes' to IPV are likely to be young, less educated and living in urban areas. Clearly, women in certain regions or subpopulations face an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections due to the sexual choices of their partners. Intervention programmes to reduce sexually transmitted infections need to be developed with specific aspects of the cultural context of sexual relationships in mind. It seems especially important that male sexual choices and attitudes be directly addressed. Specific suggestions are made about an approach that has a proven record of success in reducing risky practices in high risk groups.     

Sanctions against sexual abuse of patients by doctors: sex differences in attitudes among young family physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To explore attitudes of new-to-practice certified family physicians in Ontario concerning sanctions against sexual abuse of patients by physicians and to assess the importance of concern about accusations of sexual abuse in influencing clinical decisions. DESIGN: Qualitative study and cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: Focus groups: 34 physicians who completed family medicine residency training between 1984 and 1989 participated in seven focus groups between June and October 1992. Survey: all certificants of the College of Family Physicians of Canada who received certification between 1989 and 1991 and were currently practising in Ontario. Of the 564 eligible physicians 395 (184 men and 211 women) responded, for an overall response rate of 70.0%. The response rates among the male and female physicians were 70.5% and 69.6% respectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physicians' attitudes toward restricting physical examinations done by physicians to same-sex patients, mandatory reporting of sexual impropriety and loss of licence in cases of sexual violation and the perceived importance of concern about accusations of sexual abuse as an influence on clinical decisions. RESULTS: During the focus groups male physicians in particular expressed concerns about the effect on their practice patterns of the current climate regarding sexual abuse of patients. Female physicians were less concerned about possible accusations of sexual abuse but expressed concerns regarding possible sexualization of the clinical encounter by male patients. In the survey equal proportions of men (163 [93.7%]) and women (191 [92.3%]) disagreed with restricting examinations to same-sex patients. The women were more likely than the men to agree that all suspected cases of sexual impropriety committed by other physicians should be reported (121 [58.7%] v. 86 [50.0%]), whereas the men were more likely to disagree (48 [27.9%] v. 32 [15.5%]) (p = 0.008). The women were also more likely than the men to agree that physicians should lose their licence permanently if they were found guilty of sexual violation (125 [62.2%] v. 73 [43.5%]), whereas the men were more likely to disagree (61 [36.3%] v. 37 [18.4%]) (p < 0.001). Almost half of the men (80 [46.5%]) but only 28 women (14.1%) reported that concerns about accusations of sexual abuse were of importance in their clinical decisions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Young female family physicians practising in Ontario are much more likely than their male counterparts to endorse permanent loss of licence for physicians who sexually abuse patients and are significantly less concerned about accusations against themselves. Neither sex endorses only same-sex examinations by physicians. Educational approaches to protect patients while ensuring that appropriate care continues to be delivered are essential.     

未婚女性异位妊娠发病因素与性健康教育的关系

目的探讨未婚女青年异位妊娠发病的相关因素,以探索切实可行的干预措施。方法对成都市第一人民医院妇产科住院的68例未婚女性异位妊娠患者进行性健康知识和发病相关因素的调查。结果未婚女性异位妊娠发病率占该院总异位妊娠的9.03%,发病相关因素有：对性卫生知识和疾病知识缺乏;无防范的婚前性行为导致人工流产;不洁的性生活史、不固定的性伴侣导致不同程度的生殖道感染和性交时过度紧张导致的输卵管痉挛。结论系统性、计划性的对女青年尤其是在校学生进行性观念、性健康知识和相关疾病知识的教育,可降低未婚女性异位妊娠的发病率。     

Sexual behaviors and reproductive health outcomes: associations with wife abuse in India

CONTEXT: Wife abuse has been associated with a variety of health concerns. Associations between abuse and reproductive health in India are not well known. OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between men's reports of wife abuse and reproductive health issues in northern India. DESIGN: Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted as part of the male reproductive health supplement of the PERFORM System of Indicators Survey, a systematic multistage survey conducted in 1995-1996. SETTING: The northern state of Uttar Pradesh, one of the least developed states in India. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 6632 married men aged 15 to 65 years who lived with their wives and completed all survey questions for the study variables reported here. MAIN MEASURES: Physically and sexually abusive behaviors toward wives, sexual activities outside marriage, sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms, contraception use, unplanned pregnancies, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of men reported not abusing their wives, while 17% reported physically but not sexually abusing their wives, 22% reported sexual abuse without physical force, and 7% reported sexual abuse with physical force. Abuse was more common among men who had extramarital sex (for sexual abuse using force: odds ratio [OR], 6.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.98-9.72). Similarly, men who had STD symptoms were more likely to abuse their wives (with current symptoms: OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.73-3.42). Unplanned pregnancies were significantly more common among wives of abusive men, especially sexually abusive men who used force (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.91-3.60). CONCLUSIONS: Wife abuse appears to be fairly common in northern India. Our findings that abusive men were more likely to engage in extramarital sex and have STD symptoms suggest that these men may be acquiring STDs from their extramarital relationships, thereby placing their wives at risk for STD acquisition, sometimes via sexual abuse. These abusive sexual behaviors also may result in an elevated rate of unplanned pregnancies.     

High risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans aged 15-49 years in 2000, and to compare the results with the 1993 survey. A nationally representative sample of 2013 persons aged 15-74 years was surveyed in 2000 using cluster sampling in the Jamaica Healthy Lifestyle Survey (Wilks et al, unpublished). Interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometrical measurements were done. Data for a sub-sample of adults aged 15-49 years were analyzed The sub-sample included 1401 persons (473 men and 928 women). Significantly more men (18.6%) than women (4.3%) reported never having had a blood pressure check (p = 0.0001). Approximately one-third of the women reported that they had never had a Pap smear (36.0%) or a breast examination (31.2%). Current cigarette smoking was reported in 28.6% of men and 7.7% of women (OR 3.73 CI 2.71, 5.15), while 49.0% of men and 15.0% of women ever smoked marijuana (OR 3.28 CI 2.56, 4.20). Significantly more men (28.0%) than women (11.7%) reported ever having a sexually transmitted disease (OR 2.93 CI 2.16, 3.97); having more than one sexual partner in the past year (49.1% vs 11.4%, OR 4.31 CI 3.22, 5.76) and usually using a condom during sexual intercourse (55.3% vs 40.5%, OR 1.3 CI 1.11, 1.68). Between 1993 and 2000, significant trends include: more persons reported having a blood pressure check, a reduction in multiple sexual partners, increased condom use at last sex (women), reduced crack/cocaine use (males) and increased marijuana smoking. Although there were some significant positive lifestyle trends between 1993 and 2000, high risk behaviours remain common among Jamaican adults. Comprehensive health promotion programmes are needed to address these risk behaviours.