2005～2008年鄯善县麻疹流行特征分析

目的了解和掌握鄯善县麻疹流行规律,为制定防制对策提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对2005～2008年麻疹疫情的监测资料进行分析。结果2008年麻疹发病率为152．54／10万,发病高峰为每年3～4月份,发病年龄主要集中在〈1岁年龄组,占发病总数的41．06％。结论2008年鄯善县麻疹的发病率处于相对较高水平,应加强疫情监测工作,采取综合性防治措施,控制麻疹的暴发和流行。     

2008年阿克陶县一起麻疹疫情分析

2008年阿克陶县发生了一起大面积麻疹流行，疫情波及县城、6个乡、1个农场。其中4个乡，1所中学发生了暴发流行，发病自2008年1月7日一2008年7月31日终止，报告病例数310例，流调288例，死亡1例，下面就这288例疫情做详细分析。     

2007年新疆博乐市麻疹暴发流行分析

2007年2～7月,新疆博乐市发生181例有发热、出疹,并伴有不同程度上呼吸道卡他症状,畏光、流泪、眼结膜炎症状的患者,其中检出麻疹IgM抗体50例,对未检出麻疹IgM抗体的患者,依据全国麻疹监测方案的麻疹病例定义,符合麻疹诊断,现报告如下。     

中国的麻疹流行情况及麻疹疫苗免疫接种

<正> 在中国,麻疹疫苗问世之前,每隔1年发生一次流行。流行年,不同地区的发病率可高达1000～4000/10万人口;非流行年发病率约平均在400/10万人口。1958年至1959年间,发生了一次全国性大流行,各地发病率极为相似。这是自解放后,在全国范围内发生的最大的一次流行。其原因是多方面的,主要原因是解放后百废待兴,大量农村人口涌入城市,随之大量易感儿童陡然间集中于托儿所或幼儿园。出现了麻疹病例,当然是极易引起流行了。这一事件给予人们的印象十分深刻。     

2008年新疆阿勒泰地区麻疹流行特征分析

目的分析2008年新疆阿勒泰地区麻疹流行病学特征,为政府加速控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法对麻疹疫情报告资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2008年阿勒泰地区麻疹发病大幅上升,报告发病率为198.79/10万,明显高于1998～2007年的发病水平。发病以≥15岁成人为主,占发病总数的62.23%,多为无明确麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫史和免疫史不详者。8月龄～1岁病例中无免疫史者占52.94%,发病集中在2～5月,农牧区发病人数占72.81%。结论麻疹母传抗体下降、麻疹疫苗接种不及时、传染病报告不及时和传染源管理不严等是造成本次麻疹流行的主要原因。     

2009—2020年庆阳市麻疹流行特征分析

目的 分析2009—2020年甘肃省庆阳市麻疹监测数据,了解麻疹流行特征,为修订防控策略提供依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统—麻疹监测信息报告管理系统,收集2009—2020年现住址为庆阳市的麻疹病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法统计分析。结果 2009—2020年庆阳市共报告麻疹病例266例,年均报告发病率0.98/10万;发病呈明显的季节性,高峰在4—7月;2014—2016年各县（区）均出现发病高峰,其中2016年合水县最高为13.91/10万;发病年龄主要在5岁以下,占66.16%,1岁以下婴儿占43.98%;发病人群以散居儿童为主（165例、占62.03%）;含麻疹成份疫苗接种0剂次、1剂次、2剂次及以上、免疫史不详占比分别为58.65%,22.93%,16.61%,2.26%。结论 庆阳市的合水县、西峰区是重点发病地区,以散居儿童为主的免疫规划适龄儿童是预防接种的重点人群;庆阳市应加强重点地区适龄儿童MCV及时接种和漏种儿童查漏补种,积极防控学校及托幼机构麻疹暴发疫情,以早日实现消除麻疹目标。     

2008年新疆裕民县麻疹暴发调查报告

2008年1月19日～7月4日,新疆裕民县发生了一起麻疹暴发流行,共发生病例89人,无死亡病例。裕民县疾病预防控制中心对疫情进行了流行病学调查和处理,结果报告如下。     

2004年精河县大河沿子镇麻疹暴发流行报告

2004年2～5月,新疆精河县大河沿子镇(全镇人口36 539人)共上报疑似麻疹病例84例,经流行病学调查、临床鉴别诊断和实验室检查后确诊病例76例(男性发病37人、女性发病39人),发病率为208/10万,无死亡病例.     

2006─2013年甘肃省平凉市麻疹流行特征分析

目的分析甘肃省平凉市消除麻疹工作阶段性成效,探讨下一步防控措施。方法根据中国免疫规划监测信息管理系统和麻疹监测信息报告管理系统的资料,结合健康人群麻疹IgG抗体监测,采用描述流行病学方法分析2006─2013年平凉市麻疹消除情况。结果平凉市共报告麻疹病例552例,年均发病率3.02/10万;每隔3-4年出现一个流行高峰,4-7月为高发季节,具有季节性和周期性特征;整体上仍属小年龄组发病模式,0-4岁婴幼儿和7-8岁学龄儿童形成发病高峰,呈＂双峰型＂的年龄分布特征;2009年以来健康人群麻疹抗体几何滴度（GMT）维持在较高水平,各年龄组人群麻疹抗体GMT呈现＂两头低中间高＂的现象。结论落实入托、入学查验预防接种证措施,变被动接种为主动接种,提高全民接种疫苗的自觉性;为小学一年级、高中或大学新生、育龄期妇女等特殊年龄组人群接种麻疹类疫苗,预防儿童和成人麻疹发病;督促医疗机构严格执行预检分诊制度,落实隔离治疗措施,控制院内感染。     

2008年新疆和静县一起麻疹暴发的流行病学调查及处置

2008年3月11日,新疆和静县疾病预防控制中心（以下简称疾控中心）接县人民医院预防保健科电话报告,该县高级中学有疑似麻疹病例日渐增多,患者已到该医院传染科住院治疗。县疾控中心立即向县卫生局主管领导汇报,并派流行病调查人员核实疫情,现报告如下。     

2008年绵阳地震灾区麻疹控制工作分析

目的 了解绵阳地震灾区麻疹控制工作情况.方法 利用免疫规划监测信息系统、MV强化免疫以及地震灾区受损情况等调查资料,进行描述性分析和评价.结果 2008年全市麻疹发病率为0.98/10万,与2007年发病率(3.17/10万)相比下降了69.09%.结论 尽管汶川地震对绵阳地震灾区MV常规免疫和麻疹监测工作造成巨大影响,但由于灾前灾后采取了许多有效措施,地震灾区未发生麻疹暴发疫情,控制麻疹工作取得进展.     

2008年1～5月乌鲁木齐市麻疹疫情暴发的检测结果分析

目的了解2008年1～5月乌鲁木齐市麻疹疫情爆发流行的原因，探讨控制策略。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清麻疹IgM抗体，对麻疹阳性病例共分5个年龄组进行统计学分析。结果这次疫情共送检麻疹疑似病例3513例，实验室确诊麻疹病例1481例，阳性率为42.16%，其中男性813例，女性668例，男女性别比为1.22∶1，两组之间的差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=13.25，P〈0.005）；从年龄组分布来看，发病主要集中在0～8月龄组，阳性率为56.97%。其次是9月～8岁和29岁～的成人组也占有相当大的比例，分别为50.97%和50.69%；9～18岁组阳性率最低为22.75%。0～8月龄组和9～18岁组麻疹发病率的差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=170.78，P〈0.005）。结论麻疹病例逐渐向未到免疫年龄人群和成人转移，给当前麻疹防治工作提出了新的挑战。另外，掌握麻疹的采血时间，才能更好的提高麻疹的检出率。     

Characterization of Vaccine Breakthrough Cases during Measles Outbreaks in Milan and Surrounding Areas,Italy, 2017–2021

Despite the existence of an effective live-attenuated vaccine, measles can appear in vaccinated individuals. We investigated breakthrough measles cases identified during our surveillance activities within the measles/rubella surveillance network (MoRoNet) in Milan and surrounding areas (Northern Italy). Between 2017 and 2021, we confirmed measles virus (genotypes B3 or D8) infections in 653 patients and 51 of these (7.8%) were vaccinees. Among vaccinated individuals whose serum was available, a secondary failure was evidenced in 69.4% (25/36) of cases while 11 patients (30.6%) were non-responders. Non-responders were more frequently hospitalized and had significantly lower Ct values in both respiratory and urine samples. Median age and time since the last immunization were similar in the two groups. Importantly, we identified onward transmissions from vaccine failure cases. Vaccinees were involved in 20 outbreaks, in 10 of them they were able to transmit the virus, and in 8 of them, they were the index case. Comparing viral hemagglutinin sequences from vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects did not show a specific mutation pattern. These results suggest that vaccination failure was likely due to the poor immune response of single individuals and highlights the importance of identifying breakthrough cases and characterizing their clinical and virologic profiles.     

2002—2012年云南省巍山县麻疹发病情况分析

目的了解云南省巍山县麻疹流行病学特征现状,为预防和控制麻疹提供参考依据。方法收集2002—2012年巍山县麻疹发病资料和麻疹疫苗接种资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果2002—2012年麻疹发病共68例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率2．01／10万;2005—2008年出现6起暴发痰睛;2009年后发病大幅度下降。年发病高峰期为1—3月;15岁以下儿童发病50例（73．52％）,7岁以下的儿童发病28例（41．12％）;散居儿童24例（35．29％）,学生28例（41．76％）,农民12例（17．65％）;仅28例有麻疹疫苗免疫史,无免疫史18例,免疫史不详22例。结论巍山县麻疹流行情况存在波动且伴随暴发,应该重点提高易感人群的麻疹疫苗接种率。     

Measles vaccination before nine months

Summary objective  To measure the protective effect of measles vaccine administered before 9 months of age and compare overall mortality of children vaccinated at 6–8 months and at 9–11 months.nsp;Non-concurrent cohort study involving all 13 134 children born between 16 January 1986 and 31st December 1991 in Kaniyambadi block near Vellore who had not left the area by six months of age. Main outcome measures were risk of disease and death among the under-five-year-olds according to age at measles immunization.ensp;Unimmunized children had a higher risk of developing measles compared to the immunized( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in risk of measles among those vaccinated prior to and after nine months of age. Unvaccinated children were at significantly higher risk of death than vaccinated children ( P < 0.001). There was no difference in risk of death between infants vaccinated between 6 and 8 months and those vaccinated between 9 and 11 months. There was no difference in the risk of death between boys and girls vaccinated between 6 and 8 months with standard-titre Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine.p; Administration of standard-titre Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine at 6–8 months is an effective and safe preventive measure for measles, especially where the age-specific attack rate for childrenis high.     

成都高新区麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫效果分析

目的 分析高新区麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫活动效果.方法 收集高新区2008年麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动报表及2007 - 2009年疫情资料,并对其进行统计分析.结果 对32 525名目标儿童接种麻疹疫苗,报告接种率96.17％,评估接种率97.61％,知晓率99.64％,未种率3.83％,其原因主要为生病、家长拒种、过敏史和怕接种反应.2009年发病率降到0.69/10万,2007年与2008年、2008年与2009年发病率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 麻疹强化免疫成效显著,麻疹发病率显著降低.     

1976—2013年四川省高县流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学分析

目的 分析四川省高县流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）流行趋势,为有效控制流脑暴发和流行及探索经济有效的预防控制策略提供流行病学依据。方法 对高县流脑发病数和死亡数报告资料进行统计整理,采用描述性流行病学分析。结果 1976-2013年共报告流脑2 066例,死亡病例57例,年均发病率、死亡率和病死率分别为11.60/10万、0.32/10万和2.76%,发病率经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=2916.60,P〈0.01）;全县19个乡镇均有流脑发病,发病居前3位的乡镇是文江、庆符和罗场,构成比分别为46.22%、16.99%和5.61%;2-4月是发病高峰,占病例总数的75.99%;发病率居前3位的是0~4岁、5~9岁和10~14岁年龄组,分别为21.70/10万、58.75/10万和34.24/10万;男女病例性别比1.25：1,农民发病最多,占病例总数的58.13%,其次为学龄前儿童占病例总数的19.80%。结论 高县流脑发病率呈明显下降趋势,但仍存在流行的隐患。发病具有明显的季节性,15岁以下年龄段是高危人群,提高儿童流脑疫苗的有效接种率是控制流行的关键。     

Measles is more prevalent in Crohn's disease patients. A multicentre Israeli study

The question whether there is a transmissible pathogenetic agent as a cause for Crohn's disease, remains unanswered. Measles virus has been the subject of many intensive studies, in the attempt to find a role for it in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Whether an early infection with measles virus may predispose to Crohn's disease in later life is still not clear. We conducted a large scale multicentre study, in order to obtain sufficient data to answer this question. To do so, we compared inflammatory bowel disease patients, with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, with two matched control groups: clinical controls, and community controls. A total of 531 patients, 271 with ulcerative colitis and 260 with Crohn's disease were interviewed, as well as 903 matched controls. Blood from 104 inflammatory bowel disease patients and 50 controls was tested for antibodies to measles virus. We did not find any differences related to measles vaccination, either in Crohn's disease or in ulcerative colitis. Exposure to measles in childhood was more frequent in Crohn's disease patients than in their controls, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05) in relation to community controls. The presence of IgG antibodies to measles virus was higher in patients with Crohn's disease than in patients with ulcerative colitis or controls (p = 0.084). Another observation of interest was the finding that Crohn's disease patients who had measles in childhood, more frequently had large bowel disease than those who had not had measles. These data lead us to postulate that there may be a role for measles infection in Crohn's disease, even if, at present, this role remains unclear.     

Measles in suburban Khartoum: an epidemiological and clinical study

Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 187 clinically diagnosed measles patients in Haj Yousif area, suburban Khartoum. Laboratory tests confirmed the diagnosis in 141 (75%) of the cases, but demonstrated that in 46 (25%) patients the clinical symptoms were not caused by an acute measles virus (MV) infection. According to their vaccination card, 59% of the laboratory-confirmed measles cases had been vaccinated for measles. Compared with non-measles rash disease cases, confirmed measles cases more often had severe illness (P < 0.0001), were dehydrated (P=0.01) at presentation and less likely to recover without complications [OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09, 0.39)]. There was no difference in death rate (P=0.20). Underweight [weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) 相似文献