Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thyroid cancer

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) have emerged as a promising minimally invasive surgical technique to detect metastatic nodes in patients with melanoma and breast, colon, esophageal, gastric, lung, head and neck, and thyroid cancers. The SLNB procedure is safe and feasible, with high accuracy in predicting occult metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. The sensitivity of the SLNB technique has increased as technical details and complementary immunohistochemical and molecular techniques have been developed. SLNB for thyroid cancer may display practical benefits in accurate nodal staging, the detection of metastatic lymph nodes outside the central neck, and the selection of patients who would benefit from complete neck dissection and optimized ¹³¹I ablation therapy. Currently, however, there is no direct evidence that SLNB is associated with long-term clinical and survival benefits in patients with thyroid cancer. Well-controlled prospective clinical trials will determine the clinical significance of occult metastases and their early detection by SLNB in patients with thyroid cancer.     

Changing Management in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Opinion statement The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing over the past 30 years, and it is now the seventh most common cancer in women. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer, occurring in 80% of cases. Its main pattern of spread is to cervical lymph nodes, with distant metastases occurring uncommonly. Initial treatment of papillary thyroid cancer involves resection of the primary tumor, with resection of regional lymph nodes if involved with metastatic disease. Postoperative adjuvant therapy consists of radioactive iodine ablation for most patients, followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression with thyroxine. An ongoing controversy in the surgical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer is that of extent of thyroid gland and nodal resection. Consensus guidelines recommend total or near-total thyroidectomy, rather than thyroid lobectomy, as the initial procedure of choice, given its advantages of treating potential multicentric disease, facilitating maximal uptake of adjuvant radioactive iodine, and facilitating the post-treatment follow-up by monitoring serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. In the hands of an experienced endocrine surgeon, complication rates are comparable to those for lobectomy. Major changes in the management of patients with papillary thyroid cancer over the last 10 years include the use of preoperative neck ultrasound, which can detect nonpalpable cervical lymph node metastases and potentially change the initial operation. In addition, neck ultrasound and measurement of serum Tg levels have taken the place of routine whole body radioactive iodine scans in the postoperative follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Recurrent locoregional cervical lymph node disease should be treated by compartmental lymph node dissection, followed by another treatment dose of radioactive iodine. Chemotherapy is generally ineffective for the treatment of metastatic disease. For those patients whose tumor has become radioactive iodine resistant, emerging therapies include redifferentiation agents, antiangiogenic agents, and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.     

Use of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma-probe detection for identification of the sentinel lymph node in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Aims

Lymph node metastases for papillary thyroid carcinoma are associated with an increased incidence of locoregional recurrence. The use of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe detection to localize the sentinel lymph node in papillary thyroid carcinoma was investigated.

Methods

From February 2004 to December 2005 the sentinel lymph node technique was studied in 64 consecutive patients with cytological evidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The day before surgery, patients were submitted to US-guided peri-tumoural injection of the radiotracer and a lymphoscintigraphy was performed. In the operating room a total thyroidectomy was done, and thanks to a hand-held gamma probe the sentinel lymph node and all lymph nodes, belonging to the sentinel node compartment, were removed.

Results

The gamma probe identified the sentinel lymph node in 62 patients (96.8%). We found 48 (77.5%) sentinel lymph node without metastases; 12 (19.3%) with metastases and 2 (3.2%) with micrometastases. In 7 cases (11.3%), with a negative sentinel lymph node, metastases in other nodes of the same region were recorded. In 22 cases (34.3%) the ultrasound give an erroneous indication (P = 0.004). Five patients (8.0%), 4 with multifocal cancer, had a positive postoperative lymphoscintigraphy.

Conclusion

This study shows that the sentinel lymph node technique for papillary thyroid carcinoma is feasible, repeatable, and more accurate than preoperative ultrasound. In cases of multifocal thyroid lesions more patients should be enrolled to establish the utility of the radio-guided technique.     

I-123-guided excision of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer

The use of a gamma probe for intraoperative localization of a cervical lymph node, which contained recurrent metastatic papillary thyroid cancer, facilitated a radio-guided minimally invasive outpatient surgical procedure and resulted in complete excision of clinically occult disease. The technique raises the issue of whether nonpalpable regional node recurrences should be locally excised, removed in a formal modified neck dissection, or treated with therapeutic doses of I-131.     

Management of the lateral neck in well differentiated thyroid cancer

Lateral neck lymph node metastases in well differentiated thyroid cancer are common, ranging from 30% to 60%, with the majority of these foci identifiable only as microscopic deposits. A skilled ultrasound evaluation of the lymph nodes in the lateral neck is recommended for all patients presenting with newly diagnosed thyroid cancer undergoing surgical management. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy may be used to cytologically confirm suspected lateral neck nodal metastases prior to surgery. For patients with large volume nodal disease, extranodal extension, or multiple nodal metastases, computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck with contrast is an important additional imaging modality to accurately localize disease prior to surgery. Primary surgical management for lateral neck disease typically includes lateral neck dissection in conjunction with total thyroidectomy. Postoperative adjuvant radioactive iodine is typically recommended for patients with clinically evident nodal metastases, or for those with over 5 micrometastatic nodes. In the recurrent or persisting disease setting, complete surgical resection of local and regional disease remains the main treatment approach. However, sub-centimeter nodal disease may take an indolent course, and active surveillance may be a reasonable approach in selected clinical circumstances. Conversely, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) may be considered for scenarios with unresectable disease, or microscopic residual disease following surgery in a clinically unfavorable setting. Two multi-kinase inhibitors (sorafenib and lenvatinib) are now FDA approved for treatment of RAI refractory thyroid cancer and now play an important role in the management of progressive, metastatic and surgically incurable disease.     

The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

AIM: To evaluate the "state of art" of clinical role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy procedure in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: All papers cited on PubMed/MEDLINE until June 2005, published in English, and referred to the key words "sentinel lymph node biopsy" AND "thyroid carcinoma" OR "thyroid cancer" were reviewed for the purpose of the present study. RESULTS: The first method used for SLN biopsy in thyroid carcinoma patients was the vital blue dye technique. This technique had some disadvantages as: (a) risk of disruption of the lymphatic channels deriving from the thyroid cancer; (b) difficulty in disclosing SLN lying outside the central compartment; (c) parathyroid glands can take up blue dye and, thus, can be misinterpreted as lymph nodes. Some of the above cited disadvantages were overcome by using the lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe technique. A combination of the blue dye and gamma probe technique has also been proposed with synergic results. CONCLUSION: The reported advantages of the SLN biopsy in small differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients can be resumed as follows: (a) better selection of patients who would benefit from compartment oriented nodal dissection; (b) more accurate lymph node staging; (c) better selection of patients who can require (131)I treatment after surgery (SLN positive for metastasis); (d) better identification of SLN located out of the central compartment.     

男性甲状腺癌80例临床分析

目的:探讨男性甲状腺癌的临床特点。方法:收集2000年5月1日至2009年5月1日我院初治的80例男性甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,其中42例以发现甲状腺包块就诊,32例因颈部淋巴结肿大就诊(其中10例术前外院淋巴结活检确诊为转移癌),6例因体检B超发现甲状腺包块就诊。全部患者均行术前B超检查及术中冰冻。结果:2例有远处转移患者行甲状腺全切加131I治疗,其余患者视病变范围行甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除、次全切除或甲状腺全切,对有颈部淋巴结肿大者加行淋巴结清扫。术后病理检查74例为乳头状癌,6例为滤泡状癌,40例证实有颈部淋巴结转移。结论:男性甲状腺癌仍以乳头状癌为主,颈部淋巴结转移较常见,术中冰冻对确诊和决定术式起关键作用。     

Papillary thyroid cancer: Surgical management of lymph node metastases

Opinion statement Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, is associated with cervical lymph node metastases in 30% to 90% of patients. While surgery is the primary treatment modality for PTC, radioactive iodine and thyroid hormone suppression often complement the treatment plan. Although thyroid hormone suppression may decrease the incidence of recurrent disease and radioactive iodine may diagnose and treat metastases, lymph node dissection (LND) is the mainstay treatment for clinically evident cervical lymph node metastases. The surgical treatment options published in the literature include the traditional radical LND, the modified radical LND, the selective LND (compartment-based resection based on documented lymph node metastases), and a ‘berry picking’ resection (in which only the grossly abnormal lymph nodes are excised). At the University of California, San Francisco, we prefer the modified radical LND with preservation of the cervical sensory nerves for the first lymph node dissection with the ‘berry picking’ procedure limited to surgical treatment of recurrent nodal metastases in previously resected lymph node basins. Some centers are evaluating the potential role of sentinel lymph node biopsies for PTC. While the extent of lymphadenectomy is debated, most physicians treating patients with PTC agree that clinical evidence of lymphatic metastases should be surgically exercised and there is no role for prophylactic LND.     

External radiotherapy of thyroid cancer.

Differentiated thyroid cancer comprises papillary, mixed papillary-follicular and follicular adenocarcinomas. They are mostly hormone-sensitive and respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. The standard treatment is total thyroidectomy, (131)I therapy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy. Adjuvant external radiotherapy is discussed controversially. Most authors recommend adjuvant external radiotherapy for extra-capsular tumor extension. Decision on an individual basis should be made for patients with lymph node involvement. In the case of incomplete surgical resection, external radiotherapy should be applied if second surgery is not possible. For medullary thyroid cancer, external beam radiotherapy seems to be beneficial for patients with surgically inaccessible disease, with microscopic residual or gross tumor after surgery, with recurrent locoregional disease, or with surgically unmanageable metastases. Patients suffering from anaplastic thyroid cancer should receive combined treatment consisting of extensive surgery, external irradiation with total doses up to 60 Gy, and chemotherapy. The combined treatment modality leads to higher local control rates and prolongs survival.     

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with distant metastases to the cerebrum: a case report

Cerebral metastases from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid are a very uncommon condition, but such metastases behave more aggressively and show poor prognosis. These metastases almost always involve concomitant lung or bone metastases which may be the first metastatic sites. Here we report a 53-year-old man with diffuse goiter and cervical lymphadenopathy who developed symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure. Computed tomography demonstrated ring-enhanced lesions showing a severe mass effect in the right cerebrum and a nodule in the right thyroid gland accompanied by swollen lymph nodes. Biopsied specimens of the thyroid nodule demonstrated malignant cells of papillary carcinoma. Surgical excision of the metastatic brain lesions was followed by total thyroidectomy with regional lymphadenectomy. Histological examinations confirmed that the patient had cerebral metastases from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid without other distant metastasis. Neurological abnormality disappeared after surgery and treatment with radioactive iodine (131I) and oral thyroxine were initiated thereafter. This case suggests that the thyroid gland is potentially a primary source of metastatic brain carcinoma. Moreover, early detection of cerebral metastases is crucial because these metastatic lesions can be life threatening, in contrast to the relatively less severe clinical course of this malignancy unless it is associated with any distant metastasis.     

131 I治疗分化型甲状腺癌骨转移结果

目的　分析131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌骨转移的结果。方法　回顾性分析 32例接受131I治疗的分化型甲状腺癌骨转移患者 ,其中 14例骨转移灶在131I治疗前接受手术治疗。结果　全组 5年和 10年总生存率分别为 91%和 79% ,骨转移后 5年和 10年生存率分别为 71%和 5 3 %。 2 4例骨转移伴有疼痛 ,131I治疗止痛有效率 (完全缓解和部分缓解 )为 88% ,其中完全缓解率为 5 0 % ,部分缓解率为 38%。 18例接受单纯131I治疗者 ,无 1例骨病灶完全消除 ,而手术加131I治疗的 14例中 ,9例骨病灶完全消除者均为单发骨转移灶。结论　131I是治疗分化型甲状腺癌骨转移的有效治疗手段 ,能缓解骨疼痛 ,并对部分骨转移灶有消除作用。手术合并131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌局限的骨转移灶可以有效地消除病灶 ,建议对局限性骨转移灶行手术加131I综合治疗     

Surgery for lymph node metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma: A review

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine malignancy of the thyroid C cells that occurs in hereditary and sporadic clinical settings. Metastatic spread commonly occurs to cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. MTC cells do not concentrate radioactive iodine and are not sensitive to hormonal manipulation, and therefore surgery is the most effective option for curative therapy, reduction in tumor burden, or effective palliation. In patients undergoing preventative surgery for hereditary MTC, central lymph node dissection should be considered if the calcitonin level is elevated. Preservation of parathyroid function in these young patients is of paramount importance. In patients with established primary tumors, systematic surgical removal of lymph node basins (compartmental dissection) should be guided by ultrasound mapping of lymph node metastases and level of serum calcitonin. A “berry‐picking” approach is discouraged. Newly approved targeted molecular therapies offer wider treatment options for patients with progressive or metastatic disease. Cancer 2016;122:358–366. © 2015 American Cancer Society.     

Sentinel lymph node detection with Tc-99m tin colloids in patients with esophagogastric cancer

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine by radioisotope use whether the sentinel lymph node concept is applicable to esophagogastric cancers. In addition, we examined radioactivities of hot nodes and compared them with the sensitivity of a gamma probe. METHODS: The subjects were 44 patients, 23 with esophageal cancer and 21 with gastric cancer. The day before surgery, patients underwent endoscopic submucosal injection of 184 MBq of Tc-99m tin colloids into sites surrounding the tumor. Radioisotope activities of lymph nodes dissected at surgery were measured with a well-typed gamma detector and each lymph node was categorized as a hot or cold node. Histopathology of the lymph nodes was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Radioisotope activities and histopathological results were compared to determine whether radioisotope flow reflects lymphatic flow to regional lymph nodes. The sensitivity of a gamma probe was measured in a laboratory study and the relation between the radioisotope activities of hot nodes and the detection sensitivity of the gamma probe was examined. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed lymph node metastasis in 18 of the 44 patients. In 15 of these 18 patients, metastatic foci were recognized in at least one hot node. Subsequent analysis was performed on the 36 patients in whom tumor invasion was confined to the muscle layer and in whom endoscopic clippings had not been applied. Lymph node metastases were observed in 12 of these 36 patients. In these 12 patients, at least one hot node was positive for metastasis. The laboratory study revealed that the gamma probe was able to detect radioisotope activities of >/=0.02 micro Ci. Thirty-two of 63 (51%) esophageal cancer hot nodes and 16 of 86 (19%) gastric cancer hot nodes showed radioisotope activities below the detection sensitivity of the gamma probe. CONCLUSION: The sentinel lymph node concept is applicable to patients with esophageal and gastric cancers; however, further studies are necessary to identify hot nodes accurately using gamma probes.     

分化型甲状腺癌术后^99Tc^m—MIBI显像与^131 I显像比较及其意义

目的：探讨分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）术后^99Tc^m—MIBI显像结果的意义。方法：300例DTC术后患者中随机选取69例行^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。2名有经验核医学医师盲法阅片。将^99Tc^mMIBI显像结果与治疗后^131I显像结果比较。另对经高分辨CT或治疗后^131 I显像诊断肺转移和无肺转移患者行半定量分析,比较靶本底比值（T／B）。结果：排除1例死于血管肉瘤者,余按照手术方式及^131 I治疗情况分为3组（A组：44例甲状腺癌术后拟^131I治疗组;B组：22例有再次^131I治疗指征组;C组：2例甲状腺大部切除组）。A组^99 Tc^m-MIBI显示残余甲状腺34．1％（15／44）,转移灶30．0％（6／20）。B组^9^Tc ^m-MIBI显示复发及转移灶63．6％（7/11）。C组^99Tc^mMI—BI显示残余甲状腺100．0％（2／2）,并为唯一一种发现颈部转移显像方法。5例患者同时存在多种性质转移灶：MI—BI＋I-,MIBI-I＋及MIBI＋I＋。肺转移与无肺转移患者T/B比值差异无统计学意义。结论：^99Tc^m -MIBI可发现分化好及失分化病灶,联合^131 I显像为DTC术后患者选择治疗方式提供重要信息,有临床应用价值。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后再次131I治疗前sTg与sTg/sup-Tg对淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的:探讨分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后行再次131I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白（sTg）与淋巴结转移、转移灶数目和直径的关系，并通过ROC曲线评估sTg及sTg/抑制性Tg（sup-Tg）比值对淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法:选取DTC术后再次131I治疗的患者109例，根据131I显像（whole body scan，WBS）等影像学结果以及转移癌灶数目、直径分组，分别比较各组间sTg的差异；分析转移灶数目、直径与sTg水平的相关性；通过ROC曲线，获得sTg预测淋巴结转移的最佳诊断界值点，对sTg<最佳诊断界值点的患者进一步行sTg/sup-Tg与淋巴结转移关系的ROC曲线，获得预测淋巴结转移的sTg/sup-Tg最佳诊断界值点。结果:淋巴结转移组以及其中的颈侧加纵隔区、中央区转移各组中sTg水平均高于无转移组，差异有统计学意义（分别H=-6.100、-3.974、-5.865，均P＜0.05）。淋巴结转移组sTg水平转移灶数目≥3处组高于2处组高于1处组（H=21.791、-16.457、-31.680、-15.223，均P＜0.05）；转移灶直径>2 cm组高于1.1~2 cm组高于≤1 cm组（H=36.127、-22.867、-46.326、-23.458，均P＜0.05）；Spearman相关分析显示:淋巴结转移灶数目、直径均与sTg水平呈正相关（r=0.581、0.527，均P=0.000）。再次131I治疗前sTg预测淋巴结转移的曲线下面积为0.879，最佳诊断界值点为4.615 ng/ml，约登指数为0.615，对应的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为84.80％、76.70％和82.57%。sTg<4.615 ng/ml的35例患者，其sTg/sup-Tg比值预测淋巴结转移的ROC曲线下面积为0.935，最佳诊断界值点为4.559，灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为91.70%、95.70%和94.29%。结论:sTg对DTC术后再次131I治疗前淋巴结转移及转移灶数目、直径均有一定的预测价值。sTg联合sTg/sup-Tg比值可提高对DTC患者转移灶的检出率。     

男性甲状腺癌80例临床分析

目的：探讨男性甲状腺癌的临床特点。方法：收集2000年5月1日至2009年5月1日我院初治的80例男性甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,其中42例以发现甲状腺包块就诊,32例因颈部淋巴结肿大就诊（其中10例术前外院淋巴结活检确诊为转移癌）,6例因体检B超发现甲状腺包块就诊。全部患者均行术前B超检查及术中冰冻。结果：2例有远处转移患者行甲状腺全切加131I治疗,其余患者视病变范围行甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除、次全切除或甲状腺全切,对有颈部淋巴结肿大者加行淋巴结清扫。术后病理检查74例为乳头状癌,6例为滤泡状癌,40例证实有颈部淋巴结转移。结论：男性甲状腺癌仍以乳头状癌为主,颈部淋巴结转移较常见,术中冰冻对确诊和决定术式起关键作用。     

Micrometastases in thyroid cancer. An important finding?

Differentiated thyroid cancer is a cancer with a good prognosis but the presence of lymph node metastases is associated with increased rates of loco-regional recurrence and in some reports decreased survival. This has led to an increased interest in the lymph node status with guidelines calling for routine central node dissection and increased interest in lateral compartment node sampling and sentinel node biopsy. We know from studies in regions where routine central and ipsilateral node dissection is the preferred surgical management of differentiated thyroid cancer that lymph node metastases are present in the majority of cases and that many of these are micrometastatic deposits. However, where routine node dissection is not performed recurrence rates are relatively low suggesting that not all micrometastatic disease progresses to a loco-regional recurrence or that the majority of disease is mopped up by adjuvant radioactive iodine. This review examines the available evidence for the significance of micrometastatic disease in differentiated thyroid cancer and suggests that it is probably of little clinical significance and does not warrant further aggressive surgical intervention. We would expect a conservative surgical approach combined with adjuvant radioactive iodine to lead to durable disease control.     

Detection of sentinel nodes by lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe guided surgery in vulvar neoplasia

BACKGROUND: Pathologic lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in vulvar cancer; however, complete inguinofemoral node dissection is associated with significant morbidity. Intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy associated with gamma detecting probe-guided surgery has proved to be reliable in the detection of sentinel node (SN) involvement in melanoma and breast cancer patients. The present study evaluates the feasibility of the surgical identification of inguinal sentinel nodes using lymphoscintigraphy and a gamma detecting probe in patients with early vulvar cancer. METHODS: Technetium-99-labeled colloid human albumin was administered perilesionally in 44 patients. Twenty patients had T1 and 23 had T2 invasive epidermoid vulvar cancer; one patient had a lower-third vaginal cancer. An intraoperative gamma detecting probe was used to identify SNs during surgery. Complete inguinofemoral node dissection was subsequently performed. SNs underwent separate pathologic evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 77 groins were dissected in 44 patients. SNs were identified in all the studied groins. Thirteen cases had positive nodes: the SN was positive in all of them; in 10 cases the SN was the only positive node. Thirty-one patients showed negative SNs: all of them were negative for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoscintigraphy and SN biopsy under gamma detecting probe guidance proved to be an easy and reliable method for detection of SNs in early vulvar cancer. If these preliminary data will be confirmed, the technique would represent a real progress towards less aggressive treatment in patients with vulvar cancer.     

Lymphatic mapping with intralesional tracer administration in breast carcinoma patients

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the study were to determine how often a sentinel lymph node is visualized by lymphoscintigraphy in breast carcinoma patients, how often the sentinel lymph node is identified during surgery, and the sensitivity of these procedures to identify the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis. METHODS: A total of 136 patients were enrolled in 2 hospitals. Preoperative dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy were performed; in addition, both a vital dye and a gamma detection probe were used intraoperatively. The tracers were injected into the primary lesion. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was followed by completion axillary lymph node dissection. The sentinel lymph nodes and other axillary lymph nodes were examined routinely and by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: A sentinel lymph node was visualized by lymphoscintigraphy in 118 patients (87%). During the operation a sentinel lymph node was localized in 126 patients (93%). A total of 224 sentinel lymph nodes were harvested (average of 1.7 and range of 1-4 sentinel lymph nodes per patient). Of all the sentinel lymph nodes, 37 were blue (17%), 68 were radioactive (30%), and 119 were both blue and radioactive (53%). The sentinel lymph nodes contained metastatic disease in 56 patients (44%). Three sentinel lymph node biopsies were false-negative (sensitivity 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy after intralesional tracer administration and intraoperative use of both a gamma detection probe and a vital dye is a reliable technique for staging the axilla of breast carcinoma patients.     

直肠癌伴同时性肝脏及腹膜后淋巴结寡转移患者MDT诊治报道

本文介绍1例直肠癌伴同时性肝脏及腹膜后淋巴结寡转移患者的多学科组(multidisciplinary team,MDT)诊治经过.患者就诊时为直肠癌伴有同时性的肝转移及腹膜后淋巴结转移,肝转移病灶属于潜在可切除目标.经过积极的全身治疗后,患者接受切除原发肿瘤以及髂血管旁转移淋巴结的手术.术后反复多次出现疾病的寡进展,通过有效的全身治疗以及多次有效的局部治疗获得长期的生存.该病例诊治经验提示,MDT制度可以给晚期结直肠癌患者提供最优的治疗方案,并帮助患者取得最佳的治疗效果.对于符合寡转移的患者,有效的全身治疗配合有效的局部治疗往往能带来最大的生存获益,而有效的局部治疗包括但不局限于手术治疗.