养老护理员心理健康的影响因素及应对策略研究进展

养老护理员是养老服务的主要力量，也是养老服务体系的重要保障。由于我国人口老龄化进程的加快及养老护理工作的特殊性，养老护理员面临着多重压力与挑战，对他们的心理造成严重的负担。我们对影响养老护理员心理健康的因素进行综述，主要从人口学和社会学2方面进行分析，并积极推进养老服务吸纳机制、完善人才激励政策、加强人才队伍建设，增加社会的支持和认可度，加强养老护理员规范化、专业化培训及基于网络为养老护理员提供心理支持，为构建完整的养老护理员心理健康体系提供依据，为推动养老事业的稳步发展奠定基础。     

基于岗位胜任力的养老护理员培训知识体系的构建

目的:本文主要针对在岗位胜任力的问题上,研究养老护理员的培训知识体系的建立,从而在养老护理员培训规范化问题上提供重要的参考。方法:在相应的岗位胜任力理论的基础上,使用以下三种方法:文献资料法、访谈法与德尔菲法,对25名专家进行多次的问卷调查,研究分析专家对养老护理员培训知识制度的建立提供了相关的建议。结果:经过本次的调查研究表明,针对养老护理员知识培训制度包含了:工作人员的职业道德、相关法律法规知识;老年人的安全知识问题;老年人日常生活照顾;基本的救护操作;常见疾病的护理方法;老年人的心理护理以及临终护理等等七个方面。结论:在日常的养老护理工作中养老护理员培训知识制度具有很好的可靠性与权威性,在以后的养老护理员的培训方面具有重要的参考意义。     

长沙市养老护理员工作压力现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解长沙市养老护理员工作压力现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,应用工作压力量表(WSS)及自编一般问卷对长沙市108名养老护理员进行调查。结果共回收有效问卷70份,养老护理员工作压力得分为(61.75±18.54),婚姻状况、有无子女、排班形式、专业、收入水平的不同对养老护理员工作压力有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过逐步回归分析得出婚姻状况、专业、收入水平是工作压力的危险因素。养老护理员面临中等程度的工作压力,应采取措施降低其工作压力,提高成就感和心理调节能力。     

基于Web of Science的养老护理员工作满意度研究可视化分析

目的了解养老护理员工作满意度领域的研究热点、前沿动态,为我国开展相关研究提供参考。方法运用CiteSpace 5.8.R1软件,对Web of Science核心合集数据库于1993年1月1日—2021年12月14日收录的养老护理员工作满意度相关文献的发文量、发文国家、关键词、共被引和突现词等进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入304篇文献,发文量总体呈上升趋势。养老护理员工作满意度的相关结局、影响因素和干预措施是研究热点,离职意向是研究趋势。结论我国养老护理员工作满意度研究处于起步阶段。建议相关学者加强理论研究,强化模型构建,拓展研究视角。     

"五看一听"工作法在养老护理技能培训中的应用

目的:分析"五看一听"工作法在养老护理技能培训中的应用效果.方法:用数字随机表法将研究对象分为两组,对照组采用传统集中理论授课教学法,实验组采用"五看一听"工作法,比较两组培训后的效果.结果:实验组理论和操作考核成绩高于对照组(P<0.05),养老护理员认可此培训形式(P<0.05).结论:"五看一听"工作法能提高养老护理员对服务对象的护理质量和自主学习能力,有利于提高培训质量.     

养老护理员素质培训与体会

目的：提高养老护理员从业素质,为老年人提供高质量的服务。方法：对406名养老护理员进行理论及护理操作技能的培训,采用多媒体教学法,案例展示、分析法,角色扮演与床边教学等方法。结果：按百分制,培训后学员理论成绩平均87.5分,实践技能操作考核平均83.7分。386人获得养老护理员初级证书,学员对本次培训感到满意,取得良好的效果。结论：养老护理员培训过程中要加强职业道德素养培训,加强社会宣传与专业引导,减少职业歧视与偏见,选拔优秀教师,确保培训质量。     

医养结合型养老护理员培训方法及效果评价

目的 探讨医养结合型养老护理员的培训方法及效果。方法 选取甘肃省第三人民医院接受培训的200名养老护理员作为研究对象，于2021年8-9月对200名养老护理员开展为期2个月的“医养结合型”理论知识和实践技能培训，比较培训前后护理员理论成绩、实践技能成绩及患者满意度。结果 经过培训，护理员理论成绩为92.34±10.77分，实践技能成绩为95.84±19.38分，均高于培训前的理论成绩62.58±17.31分和实践技能成绩68.44±15.61分，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；培训后患者对护理工作满意率为93.02%明显高于培训前的护理工作满意率55.26%，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 基于医养结合理念的养老护理员培训方案能有效提升养老护理员的理论知识和实践技能水平，且患者对护理满意度有所提升。     

天津市204名养老护理员疥疮知识认知现状及影响因素

目的了解养老护理员疥疮知识认知现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用自编的养老护理员疥疮知识调查问卷,采用整群抽样对养老护理员进行调查。结果发放问卷216份,回收有效问卷204份,有效回收率为94.44%。养老护理员疥疮知识整体得分处于中等水平。年龄、居住地、文化程度、工作年限、婚姻状态,是否接触过疥疮患者、是否主动学习过疥疮知识及是否参加过疥疮培训8个因素对养老护理员疥疮知识认知的影响差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。85.3%的养老护理员认为需要进行疥疮知识的培训,89.7%的养老护理员表示愿意参加疥疮知识的培训。结论应有针对性地对养老护理员进行疥疮知识培训,尤其是疥疮的病因病情方面,使养老护理员对疥疮形成正确的认识。     

养老机构护理员共情疲劳现状及主客观影响因素分析

目的探讨养老护理员共情疲劳现状及其影响因素。方法运用中文版共情疲劳量表、中文版人际反应指针量表、组织支持感量表及心理资本量表对20所养老机构327名护理员面对面调查,采用多元线性回归法对共情疲劳影响因素进行分析。结果共情满意、倦怠、二次创伤平均得分分别为32、31、27分;工作时长、机构评估得分、机构性质、组织支持感和共情能力对共情疲劳得分有影响(P0.05)。结论养老护理员共情疲劳情况较严重。管理者应积极响应国家及地区养老惠民举措,通过完善机构基础和组织文化建设、重视养老护理员职业教育,提高归属感和获得感,改善共情疲劳现状。     

南京市养老护理员现状调查

目的：了解南京市养老机构护理员现状，为开展养老护理教育提供参考依据。方法：采取整群随机抽样法，对南京市8所养老机构的100名护理员进行问卷调查。结果：（1）养老护理员基本资料：74.4%为女性，47.9%年龄在50岁以上，57.4%学历为小学及初中。（2）养老护理员专业水平情况：64.9%无养老护理相关资格证书，62.8%无职称。（3）养老护理员职业态度：30.9%真心喜欢养老护理工作，40.4%表示长期从事养老护理工作。（4）养老护理培训情况：培训频次、方式、形式、内容均有待改善。结论：南京市养老护理员结构不合理，专业水平较低，职业吸引力不强，职业培训亟待完善。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.