高原移居人群返回低海拔后氧自由基改变对心功能的影响

目的:了解高原暴露人群返回低海拔后氧自由基改变对心功能的影响。方法:923名官兵高原作业110 d后返回低海拔第1天、第15天采样,化学法测定血清超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,计算SOD/MDA比值。彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定Tei指数、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)。结果:高原短期暴露后返回低海拔初期血中SOD和SOD/MDA比值显著低于对照组,MDA水平显著高于对照组,随时间延长前者呈降低趋势,后者呈增高趋势,第15天时与第1天比较仍有显著差异(P<0.05)。返回低海拔第1天Tei指数显著高于对照组,LVEF、LVFS显著低于对照组(P<0.01);返回第15天Tei指数显著低于第1天水平,LVEF显著高于第1天水平(P<0.01)。结论:高原移居人群返回低海拔后存在着氧化损伤,氧化损伤对心功能有一定影响。     

进驻海拔4 300 m 不同时间部分体测量指标对比观察

目的探讨进驻海拔4 300 m不同时间对人体部分体测量指标的影响。方法对534名青年官兵在进驻海拔4 300 m前、进驻半年、1年、3年及返回平原半年时,分别检测身高、体质量、脉搏、血压、血氧饱和度、体脂量及上臂肌围。结果上高原后不同时间与上高原前比较,除身高外,其余各项指标检测参数间差别均有高度显著性(P<0.01);进驻1年与进驻半年和进驻3年与进驻1年比较,除身高和血氧饱和度外,其余各项指标检测参数间差别均有高度显著性(P<0.01);下高原半年后各项指标均基本恢复到上高原前水平。结论进驻海拔4 300 m以上地区不同时间对人体部分体测量指标影响较大。     

高原暴露人群返平原后自由基相关指标观察

目的了解高原暴露人群返平原后自由基代谢情况。方法选择高原暴露人群64人,男61人,女3人;年龄27~55岁,平均39.48岁,施工海拔3080~5231m,平均4014.8 m;高原居留时间6~50个月,平均33.61个月;返回平原时间31~61个月,平均56.51个月。选择年龄、性别、工作性质等因素与观察组大致相同的87人为对照组,分别测试其人活性氧簇(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及一氧化氮(NO)六项指标。结果 ROS、GSH-p、SODx值及SOD/MDA比值观察组高于对照组(后者P<0.05),MDA则相反,观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);高原移居人群返回平原60个月后SOD/MDA比值有下降趋势,但仍明显高于对照组;SOD/MDA比值与进驻高原时间及所在高原海拔呈正相关,与返回平原时间呈负相关;MDA则与进驻高原时间、所在海拔高度呈负相关,与返回平原时间呈正相关;其他指标无明显统计学差异。结论高原移居人群返回平原后在较长时间(5年)内自由基代谢仍处于超(过)氧化状态,这种改变对适应平原环境或许会产生积极作用。     

进驻海拔5000 m以上地区对青年心肺X线的影响

目的探讨进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区对青年心肺X线的影响。方法对进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区1年及返回平原1年的同一群体144名青年在高原现场拍摄正、侧位X线胸片并与上高原前相比较。结果上高原1年后心脏长径及心脏面积缩小,差别有高度显著性(P<0.001);心脏宽径,心脏深径及心脏体积增加,差别有高度显著性(P<0.001);右心房宽径,右心房高径、左室壁厚度、肺面积、升主动脉横径、主动脉结横径、肺动脉干横径、肺动脉段突度及右肺下动脉横径增加,差异均有高度显著性(P<0.001)。返回平原1年后,以上各X线指标较上高原前均增大,差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。结论进驻海拔5 000 m以上地区对进驻青年心肺血管形态影响较大,返回平原1年后难以恢复到上高原前水平。     

移居高海拔地区前后青年人肝、脾、肾超声改变分析

本文旨在了解高原低压低氧环境对人体器官的影响及返回平原多长时间内人体内脏器官的超声改变可以恢复。作者选取了13名进驻海拔5200m地区的男性官兵,年龄在（18-20）岁,均为平原出生,身高（168±5）cm,进驻高原前均经体检确认健康。采用自身对照研究,对13名青年军人进驻高原前（1400m）、高原地区（5200m）守防一年、返回平原后（1400m）5个月、一年后的肝、肾、脾脏器进行超声检查。     

高原驻训部队健康状况分析及疾病防治

目的：研究分析高原驻训部队健康状况及疾病防治情况。方法回顾文献分析近年国内外高原驻训部队健康状况及疾病防治方法。结果急性高原病影响进驻高原部队官兵的身体健康和生命安全。重视高原驻训部队进驻高原及返回平原前后适应性训练及驻训部队疾病预防和康复治疗很有必要。结论疾病防治作为部队进驻高原的重要工作,对于保障高原驻训部队官兵健康,增强战斗力具有重要的意义。     

高压氧预处理对高原移居者SOD和MDA的影响

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)预处理对进驻高原人体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法:①海拔3 700m的20名习服男青年,在HBO预处理前(对照组)、预处理5次(A组,10人)和预处理 2次(B组,10人)后的第2天、8天和第2天、5 天作自身对比运动负荷实验,运动结束后检测血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA);②29名青年分为HBO组(11人)和对照组(18人),HBO组于进入高原前2天在平原(海拔1 400m)接受HBO预处理,每天一次,连续2天,历时5天同时乘车进驻海拔5 200m,到达后第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标;③20名青年自海拔1 400m乘车抵达海拔3 700m,分为HBO组(10人)和对照组(10人),HBO组连续HBO预处理3天,每天一次,第4天两组历时1天同时乘车进驻海拔5 380m,进驻第5天清晨空腹采静脉血检测SOD、MDA指标.结果:海拔3 700m、5 200m 和5 380m,HBO预处理组较对照组SOD增高, MDA降低,差别显著(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:HBO预处理可提高进驻高原者的抗氧化活力,改善高原低氧环境体内氧化与抗氧化之间的平衡紊乱,并可维持一定的时间,对于降低急性高原反应的发病率有很好的预防及治疗作用.     

初入海拔5380m及居住1年的青年结膜微循环的变化

我们对进驻高原前1月、快速(5d)进入喀喇昆仑山海拔5380m第4d和在该地连续居住1年的同一群体25名青年官兵作了2次结膜微循环检测,旨在探讨超高海拔地区对人微循环的影响程度.1 对象与方法均为汉族男性官兵,平原出生,年龄18～22岁,平均20.1岁,均为初次上高原,上高原前经体检确认健康.第1次检测在原驻地(海拔1400m);第2次为部队快速(5d)进驻海拔5380m处的第4d在高原现场检测(室温16～18℃);第3次为部队已在     

进驻海拔4 300m地区对青年心肺X线的影响

目的:探讨进驻海拔4 300m地区对青年心肺X线的影响.方法:对进驻海拔4 300m地区一年及返回平原一年的同一群体168名青年在高原现场拍摄正、侧位X线胸片并与上高原前相比较.结果:上高原一年后心脏长径及心脏面积缩小,差别有高度显著性(P＜0.01);心脏宽径,心脏深径及心脏体积增加,差别有高度显著性(P＜0.01);右心房宽径,右心房高径、左室壁厚度、肺面积、升主动肺横径、主动脉结横径、肺动脉干横径、肺动脉段突度及右肺下动脉横径增加,差别均有高度显著性(P＜0.01).返回平原一年后,以上各X线指标较上高原前均增大,差别有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:进驻海拔4 300m地区对进驻青年心肺血管形态影响较大,返回平原一年后难以恢复到上高原前水平.     

驻守高原不同时间官兵的血常规比较研究

目的 观察高原某部驻守不同时间的驻训官兵血常规各指标的差异,为维护保障高原驻训官兵健康提供科学依据.方法 对153名进驻海拔4200～4500 m高原驻训1、2、5年的官兵进行血常规检测并进行统计学分析.结果 与驻训1年组相比,驻训2年组全血白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞总数(NEUT)、淋巴细胞比率(LYM％)、中...     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测与风险评估

为持续性确保三亚雪古丽牛羊口蹄疫无疫及处于布鲁氏菌净化状态,雪古丽对自有及引进羊群进行了口蹄疫免疫抗体检测及病原学检测,同时对羊群进行了布鲁氏菌病抗体检测.口蹄疫免疫抗体检测应用液相阻断ELISA方法;口蹄疫病原学检测采用多重RT-PCR;布鲁氏菌病用虎红平板方法检测.检测结果:未检测到布鲁氏菌抗体阳性动物,牛羊中目前不存在口蹄疫病畜或健康带毒畜,牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体未达到国家规定水平的应及时补免.2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测结果表明,雪古丽的羊场目前不存在布鲁氏菌感染情况;牛羊中仅牛O型口蹄疫群体免疫水平达到国家重大动物疫病规定标准,免疫抗体不合格动物应及时给予补免,病原学检测结果表明目前雪古丽的牛羊及引进羊未被口蹄疫病毒感染.     

糖尿病鼠血清及睾丸中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

目的研究1型糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的动态变化。方法63只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C)和糖尿病组(D)，采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制糖尿病动物模型。糖尿病组分别于观察1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8周后断头处死动物，取血收集血清，取睾丸制备组织匀浆，分别测定NO含量和NOS活性。结果与对照组比较，糖尿病组血清NO含量升高，NOS活性先升后降；睾丸组织在诱模后NO含量下降，而NOS活性变化不明显，随后两者均呈升高趋势。结论糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸NO含量和NOS和活性均有改变。     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, hydrolysed Tc and pertechnetate in solutions from a comercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rat receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, 'hydrolysed Tc' and pertechnetate in solutions from a commercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rats receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

Thyroid stunning in vivo and in vitro

AIM: To review published in-vivo and in-vitro quantitative dosimetric studies on thyroid stunning in order to derive novel data applicable in clinical practice. METHODS: A non-linear regression analysis was applied to describe the extent of thyroid stunning in thyroid remnants, as a function of the radiation absorbed dose of diagnostic radioiodine-131 (I), in thyroid cancer patients investigated in four in-vivo studies. The regression curves were fitted using individual patient absorbed doses or the mean absorbed doses for the groups of patients. Fitted curves were compared with two recent models, the first found in patients with benign thyroid disease and the second found in cultured thyroid cells after I irradiation. RESULTS: The extrapolated absorbed doses for the onset of thyroid stunning were 0 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and < or =4 Gy and 34 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). Thyroid stunning amounted to roughly 50% in the case of 2 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and in the case of < or =30 Gy and 472 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is no scintigraphically sufficient diagnostic amount of I that can be given prior to I therapy for thyroid cancer that does not cause thyroid stunning, i.e. it is not recommended to deliver pre-therapeutically more than a few gray (<5 Gy) into thyroid remnants. More investigations are required to confirm the proposed in-vitro and benign in-vivo models, but characteristic absorbed doses presented so far for in-vitro vs. in-vivo malignant vs. in-vivo benign thyroid environments differ roughly by an order of magnitude.     

Fat oxidation in men and women endurance athletes in running and cycling

Recent studies showed that the maximal fat oxidation seems to be different in men and women and that it can be influenced by type and intensity of exercise. Nineteen endurance trained male (V.O (2)peak 61.3 +/- 4.4 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) and 17 female (V.O (2)peak 52.8 +/- 4.5 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) athletes were studied over 30 min at 55, 65 and 75 % V.O (2)peak on a treadmill and a cycling ergometer in order to find the intensity and kind of exercise with the highest absolute fat oxidation. For women, normalised (per body weight) fat oxidation was higher at 75 % V.O (2)peak than at 55 % V.O (2)peak for both running (p = 0.02) and cycling (p = 0.01). Women also oxidised a significantly higher percentage of fat with regard to total energy expenditure than men in running (p = 0.02) and cycling (p = 0.004). Normalised carbohydrate oxidation was significantly higher for men at each tested intensity (p < 0.05) and compared to kind of exercise in men (p = 0.006) and women (p = 0.002) in cycling than in running. Men and women showed a significantly higher normalised fat oxidation for running compared to cycling (p = 0.01). Cycling produced in men (p = 0.06) and women (p = 0.001) significantly more lactate than running. In summary, we found at 75 % V.O (2)peak a higher fat oxidation rate than at 65 % V.O (2)peak and 55 % V.O (2)peak for men and women in cycling and running. This is coincident with lactate threshold in men and women in cycling but not in running, where lactate threshold is higher than 75 % V.O (2)peak.     

Pneumonia epidemiology and prophylaxis in servicemen in local wars and military conflicts

The high military-and-epidemiological significance of pneumonia in servicemen during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) and the armed conflict in Chechnia (1995-1996) is shown and the measures for increasing the pneumonia incidence in the regions of operations are substantiated. It is established that more than 70% of pneumonia are conditioned by pneumococci that rather frequently show the pathogenic features against the background of viral (usually influenzal) respiratory infection or in association with Hemophilic bacillus, Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. The main factor leading to development of pneumonia during the period of local wars is the decreased organism resistance caused by supercooling, stresses and overwork as well as untreated acute respiratory diseases.