嗜铬细胞瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)双期扫描对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法分析经手术病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤25例CT双期扫描征象。结果 CT扫描显示,嗜铬细胞瘤发生于肾上腺者22例,异位者3例,多是单侧发病(21/22)。肿块较大,边界清楚,多为类圆形或椭圆形(20例)。肿块内密度多不均,出血、坏死常见(13/25),1例坏死严重。钙化较少见,增强扫描肿瘤实体部分明显强化。结论 MSCT双期扫描对嗜铬细胞瘤的定位、定性诊断有重要价值,并且可以显示肿瘤与周围组织结构、血管的关系,有助手术方案的选择和术后随访。     

MSCT动态增强扫描在嗜铬细胞瘤中的诊断价值

<正> 典型嗜铬细胞瘤具有明确的临床表现、实验室检查指标增高,临床诊断不难。CT检查主要是定位诊断;而隐匿型和无功能型嗜铬细胞瘤因无临床症状,CT检查不仅具有定位诊断价值,而且具有重要的定性诊断价值,有助于临床手术方案的选择。本文收集我院2002～2008年18例经手术病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料及MSCT表现,分析探讨MSCT动态增强扫描对嗜铬细胞瘤的定位、定性诊断价值。     

嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现,提高CT诊断的准确性。方法:搜集经手术和病理证实的17例嗜铬细胞瘤患者的资料,所有病例术前均作超声、CT检查。结果:瘤体呈较大(平均瘤径6.1cm)的类圆形肿块,瘤界清晰,平扫密度多不均匀,10例出现坏死和囊变,肿瘤实体部分多明显强化。结论:嗜铬细胞瘤CT表现具有一定特征,CT可清楚显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小、瘤内成份及与周围结构的关系,结合临床表现多可明确诊断。     

嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值. 资料与方法 分析经手术病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤20例CT征象. 结果 嗜铬细胞瘤多是单侧发病(19/20),发生于肾上腺者16例,异位者4例.肿块较大,边界清楚,多为类圆形或椭圆形(19例).肿块内密度多不均,出血、坏死常见(10/17),钙化较少见,增强扫描可见病变实质不均匀强化. 结论 CT不但能发现较小的肿瘤,还可以定位诊断,以及显示肿瘤与周围组织结构、血管的关系,有助于手术方案的选择和术后随访.     

多层螺旋CT对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法：搜集26例经手术病理证实的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,其中男10例,女16例,年龄12～68岁,平均28．2岁。均行多层螺旋CT增强动脉期、静脉期及延迟期三期扫描,动、静脉期薄层重建,工作站上行多平面重组（MPR）及最大密度投影（MIP）处理,回顾性分析其CT特征。结果：26例均发生在肾上腺,共28个病灶。其中单发24例,多发2例,双侧各1个病灶。良性肿瘤23例,恶性3例。CT表现为类圆形肿块24个,呈分叶状4个,伴有坏死及囊变14个,出血6个。多平面重组（MPR）及最大密度投影（MIP）能清晰显示肿瘤的立体形态、内部情况以及与周围组织关系和血供情况。结论：肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的多层螺旋CT表现具有一定特异性,结合后处理的MPR、MIP及临床资料,可以对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤作出定性诊断。     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现

目的:总结典型与不典型肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(pheochromocytoma,PHEO)的CT表现,探讨MSCT对肾上腺PHEO的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析17例经临床手术病理证实为肾上腺PHEO的临床及CT资料,依据其临床症状分为典型和不典型2组,分别归纳2组肿块的CT表现,并作简要分析。结果:不典型组共7例(41.18%),典型组10例(58.82%)。典型与不典型肾上腺PHEO的CT平扫及增强扫描表现基本一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。平扫下瘤体多较大,呈圆形或类圆形软组织密度肿块影,其内均可见更低密度区,瘤体包膜完整、边界清楚;增强扫描动脉期瘤体实质部分迅速、明显强化,静脉期瘤体强化持续但较动脉期略有减退,所有瘤体均可见1条或多条动脉血管供血。结论:典型与不典型肾上腺PHEO的CT表现无差异性;肾上腺PHEO的CT表现较具特征性,结合CT增强扫描术前多可作出定位、定性诊断。     

良恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨良恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的66例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现。结果本组66例共73枚病灶中,位于右侧肾上腺23例,左侧肾上腺36例,双侧肾上腺7例共14枚。良性嗜铬细胞瘤57例共64枚,平均直径4.3cm,其中圆形或卵圆形52枚,形态不规则12枚,瘤体内坏死54枚,无坏死10枚,瘤体内钙化3枚。恶性嗜铬细胞瘤9例共9枚,平均直径7.6cm,形态呈圆形或卵圆形4枚,不规则形5枚,9枚瘤体均发生坏死及包膜浸润,瘤体内钙化1枚,5例周围淋巴结转移,1例肺部转移,1例肾脏浸润。増强后66例瘤体实质成分明显强化,部分延迟扫描进一步强化。结论肾上腺区瘤体的大小、形态、坏死、周围浸润及转移、强化方式对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤良恶性的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤CT、MRI特征及诊断价值

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤是一种起源于肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的神经内分泌肿瘤,通常能分泌儿茶酚胺。本文收集2000年～2008年经CT或MR平扫及多期增强扫描检查发现,并经手术病理（本院8例,外院5例）证实的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的13例病例回顾分析,以提高该影像诊断的准确性。     

多层螺旋CT及生化检查对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT多期扫描对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值,及其与临床表现及生化指标的相关性.方法 收集经手术病理证实的20例嗜铬细胞瘤患者,术前均行CT多期扫描检查.记录嗜铬细胞瘤的动态增强CT表现特征,并与临床生化指标进行对照.结果 嗜铬细胞瘤多发生于肾上腺(19/20),尤以单侧发病常见(18/20).CT平扫呈软组织密度,增强扫描多明显强化,呈速升缓降型.出血坏死常见(12/20).去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)对嗜铬细胞瘤的敏感性最高为88.2%,NE、E升高的病人临床均表现有高血压,同时CT增强扫描的强化程度与NE、E增高程度呈正相关(相关系数为0.79,Ρ值为0.000).结论 嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断不仅依靠典型临床表现、生化检查,还要结合动态增强CT表现特征.     

膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的:评价CT对膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值.材料和方法:收集2008-1～2009-12解放军总医院经手术病理证实的膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤4例(男性3名,女性1名,年龄39～62岁,平均48岁).4名患者利用16排或64层CT扫描机进行了平扫及增强扫描.影像医师对病变发生的部位,大小,形态、密度及增强特点进行分析.结果:4例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤均位于膀胱后壁,病变形态均呈圆形或类圆形,以宽基底附着于膀胱壁,边界清楚.CT平扫的CT值为41～53Hu,平均46.75Hu;增强扫描CT值为73～93Hu,平均85Hu,病变呈中度或明显强化.4例均未发现囊变、坏死、出血或钙化.术前3例诊断为嗜铬细胞瘤,1例误诊为膀胱癌.结论:膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤CT影像上具有密度均匀,边界清晰,富血供之特点,结合临床相关病史,可有助于术前准确诊断.     

肝小静脉闭塞病的螺旋CT动态增强表现

目的 探讨肝小静脉闭塞病(venoocclusive disease,VOD)螺旋CT动态增强表现及形成机制.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的VOD病例11例,男7例,女4例,年龄39～72岁,平均47.5岁.全部病例均行CT动态增强扫描及血管造影检查,并经B超引导下肝组织穿刺活检.结果 11例患者CT平扫均显示肝脏肿大,9例肝实质密度减低,其中均匀性降低3例,不均匀性降低6例,表现为斑片状、"地图样"低密度区;动态增强扫描肝实质出现典型的斑片状、"地图状"强化和低灌注区,2例肝静脉显示狭窄;4例严重肝组织淤血、坏死,延迟10 min后肝实质内仍有散在低密度区.病理学上见肝窦扩张、淤血,肝细胞肿胀变性、坏死.结论 VOD的 CT动态增强扫描有一定的特征性表现,正确认识和掌握这些特征并结合临床药史,有助于VOD的诊断.     

肝脏灌注异常的动态增强CT表现及其可能原因(附56例病例分析)

目的 分析肝脏灌注异常的动态增强CT表现及其可能的病因、发病机理,以期减少因此带来的误诊可能性.方法 回顾56例发现肝脏灌注异常患者的CT图像和临床资料,每位患者均经平扫和动态增强CT检查.结果 肝脏灌注异常(63处/56例)中56处表现为动脉期和/或门静脉期的一过性高密度异常强化,平衡期恢复正常;7处表现为动脉期和/或门静脉期的一过性低密度,平衡期恢复正常.其中52处形态为楔形、三角形、片状、不规则形,2处为条带状,3处为弥漫性,6处沿叶段分布.结论肝脏灌注异常的CT表现多样,发病原因和机制复杂,故在诊断时应给予高度重视.     

肾上腺转移瘤的动态CT、MRI检查

目的 探讨动态增强CT及MRI检查对肾上腺转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值.方法 搜集资料完整的17例(共27个)肾上腺转移瘤,观察其大小、形态及强化特征,分析肿瘤廓清率对肾上腺转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值,并对2种检查(CT和MRI)方法进行相关性分析.结果 17例共27个肾上腺转移瘤中,63%肿块边缘不光滑且形态不规则,67%肿块增强后呈不均匀强化,所有肿块随时间延迟均呈轻、中度逐渐强化,达峰值后肿块内对比剂排空缓慢.在动态增强CT及MRI检查中,于延迟5 min肾上腺转移瘤的廓清率分别仅为12.7%和11.4%.2种检查方法在延迟5 min时相关性最大,相关系数0.819(P=0.024).结论动态增强CT及MRI检查对绝大多数肾上腺转移瘤可做出正确定位、定性诊断,有利于治疗方案的正确制订.     

Recurrent Pulmonary Capillary Hemangioma: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT and Histopathologic Findings

We report the dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and histopathologic findings of a rare case of recurrent pulmonary capillary hemangiomas. The findings consisted of peripheral nodular enhancement at the early arterial phase and a subsequent "central filling-in" enhancement pattern on the delayed scans, which was identical to the well-known enhancement pattern of hemangiomas of the liver. Although there was no evidence of histological malignancy, pulmonary capillary hemangiomas manifested as multiple nodular lesions and showed postoperative recurrence.     

孤立性肺结节CT动态增强研究

目的　评价CT动态增强特性对孤立性肺结节 (SPNs)性质的鉴别诊断价值。方法　 49例SPNs分为 3组 ,恶性组2 9例 ,炎性组 12例及其它良性结节组 8例 ,均做了CT动态增强扫描。分析动态增强时间 -密度曲线走势 ,评价强化峰值 (PH)和强化方式在 3组间有无差异。采用免疫组织化学染色抗CD3 4抗体标记血管内皮 ,计数微血管密度 (MVD) ,分析PH与MVD有无相关性。结果　 3组SPNs时间 -密度曲线走势不同 ;恶性组和炎性组PH均高于其它良性组 [PH分别为 ( 4 5 .4± 19.0 6)HU、( 5 3 .7± 10 .98)HU、( 9.0± 4.77)HU ,P <0 .0 1] ,恶性组与炎性组PH无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;PH与MVD呈正相关 (rs=0 .62 3 3 ,P <0 .0 1) ;3组SPNs的强化方式有极显著差异 (Ρ <0 .0 0 1)。结论　SPNsCT动态增强扫描可反映结节的血管化程度、血流动态变化过程及强化特征 ,有助于对结节性质的判断     

多发嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断价值

目的:分析多发嗜铬细胞瘤的影像学表现及动态增强特征,以提高其诊断准确性。方法:经手术病理证实的多发嗜铬细胞瘤9例,其中双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,Von Hippel-Lindau病1例,腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤1例。术前经螺旋CT和多层螺旋CT平扫、动脉期(30s)和门脉期(70～80s)扫描。对比剂采用欧乃派克或优维显,注射流率3ml/s。仔细复习CT扫描结果并与手术病理作回顾性对照分析。结果:9例嗜铬细胞瘤共18个病灶中,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤并胰腺神经内分泌瘤和肾细胞肾癌1例(Von Hippel-Lindau病),腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱恶性嗜铬细胞瘤1例。良性病灶13个,恶性病灶5个。肿瘤呈圆形或椭圆形15个,不规则形3个。直径3.2～13.7cm,平均5.6cm。病灶直径<5.0cm3个,5.0～10.0cm13个,>10cm2个。肿瘤实质成分平扫CT值为34.2～53.0HU,平均42.7HU;动脉期CT值63.7～91.5HU,平均80.7HU;门脉期CT值75.1～126.4HU,平均98.1HU。8例双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16个病灶中,6例两侧病灶大小、形态、密度、动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿,2例两侧大小不同,坏死、囊变不同,但动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿。结论:多发嗜铬细胞瘤包括双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤、副神经节瘤和脏器嗜铬细胞瘤,多位于双侧肾上腺,CT表现与肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤相仿,同一病例不同肿瘤的大小、形态、坏死囊变、动态增强强化方式和强化程度相仿,少数肿瘤大小不同,坏死囊变存在差异。     

Pheochromocytoma: detection by unenhanced CT

During a 2 1/2-year period, 10 patients with suspected pheochromocytoma were evaluated by unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Six adrenal masses, one hyperplastic adrenal gland, and two extraadrenal retroperitoneal masses were detected in seven patients; CT of the adrenals and retroperitoneum was normal in three patients. Scintigraphy with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) was performed in nine of the 10 patients and corroborated the CT findings in all cases. In the three patients with normal CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphic findings, follow-up assays of serum catecholamines were normal. In six of the seven patients with abnormal CT scans, surgical and pathologic confirmation was obtained; one patient was lost to follow-up after her CT scan. Unenhanced CT is recommended as the initial localizing procedure in patients with suspected pheochromocytoma, thereby avoiding the small but finite risk of hypertensive crisis associated with intravenous injection of urographic contrast medium.     

肾上腺腺瘤和非腺瘤的动态增强CT检查

目的采用规范化的动态增强CT检查技术,对大样本病例进行深人地多角度评价．使肾上腺肿瘤动态增强CT检查能够在临床上广泛应用。资料与月法经手术和临床证实的70例共79个肾上腺肿块（腺瘤44个．非腺瘤35个）分别以相同的扫描条件行CT平扫和动态增强检查（静脉注人对比剂后30s开始扫描）,然后延时1、2、3、5．7min扫描。剂量1．2ml／kg体重,注射流率2．5ml／s。分析评价肾上腺肿块的T—D曲线和廓清率Wash（相对廓清率Washr和绝对廓清率Washa）。结果T—D曲线分为5种类型,即A、B、C、D和E各型。腺瘤的特征曲线为A、C型,非腺瘤为B、D、E型（P=0．000）。Washr和Washa于腺瘤和非腺瘤间存在显著性差异（P=0．000）,腺瘸的Washr和Washa均高于非腺瘤,并且Washr诊断效果优于Washa。7min延时点诊断价值较大．Washr≥34HU提示为腺瘤．反之提示为非腺瘤。结论肾上腺CT动态增强检查能够对腺瘤和非腺瘤尤其对乏脂性腺瘤与非腺瘤的鉴别诊断具有较大价值。     

Prediction of Prognosis in Glioblastoma Using Radiomics Features of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI

ObjectiveTo develop a radiomics risk score based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for prognosis prediction in patients with glioblastoma.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and fifty patients (92 male [61.3%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.5 ± 13.5 years) with glioblastoma who underwent preoperative MRI were enrolled in the study. Six hundred and forty-two radiomic features were extracted from volume transfer constant (K^trans), fractional volume of vascular plasma space (V_p), and fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space (V_e) maps of DCE MRI, wherein the regions of interest were based on both T1-weighted contrast-enhancing areas and non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas. Using feature selection algorithms, salient radiomic features were selected from the 642 features. Next, a radiomics risk score was developed using a weighted combination of the selected features in the discovery set (n = 105); the risk score was validated in the validation set (n = 45) by investigating the difference in prognosis between the “radiomics risk score” groups. Finally, multivariable Cox regression analysis for progression-free survival was performed using the radiomics risk score and clinical variables as covariates.Results16 radiomic features obtained from non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas were selected among the 642 features identified. The radiomics risk score was used to stratify high- and low-risk groups in both the discovery and validation sets (both p < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The radiomics risk score and presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation showed independent associations with progression-free survival in opposite directions (hazard ratio, 3.56; p = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 0.34; p = 0.022, respectively).ConclusionWe developed and validated the “radiomics risk score” from the features of DCE MRI based on non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas for risk stratification of patients with glioblastoma. It was associated with progression-free survival independently of IDH mutation status.     

Hepatic Arterioportal Shunts: Dynamic CT and MR Features

With the increased temporal resolution available in dynamic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hepatic arterioportal shunts are now more frequently encountered than in the past. The condition occurs in various hepatic diseases in which portal or hepatic venous flow is compromised. The underlying mechanism and the degree of shunt affect its appearance at dynamic imaging. The dynamic CT and MRI findings have been summarized as early enhancement of peripheral portal veins, and wedge-shaped transient parenchymal enhancement during the hepatic arterial phase. Recognition of arterioportal shunt can suggest the presence of a previously unsuspected disorder and avoids false-positive diagnosis or overestimation of a hepatic disease. Familiarity with the pathophysiology of arterioportal shunt also allows investigation of the hepatic hemodynamic changes occurring in various hepatic diseases.