Aspects of the psychological management of breast cancer

Psychological factors influence the survival of patients with breast cancer through the early detection of the cancer and through compliance with the treatment. There is now evidence that psychological factors also influence the immune factors which control micrometastases. In particular, stoical acceptance of cancer is associated with a shorter survival of the patient, while the expression of hostility towards the cancer is associated with a longer survival of the patient. Unrecognized psychological morbidity can impair the quality of a patient's life for years. Such psychological morbidity may be reduced by more open communication with the patient, by encouragement of the expression of feelings (especially anger), by preoperative diagnosis of the cancer by biopsy and by a greater time allowance before a mastectomy is performed. Morbidity may also be reduced by the encouragement of patients to take an active part in their treatment decisions, by the avoidance of a mastectomy, by immediate breast-reconstruction surgery, and by appropriate psychological support which includes self-help techniques, such as meditation. Breast cancer can be a positive turning-point in a person's life.     

冠状动脉慢血流与血清脂联素和高敏C反应蛋白水平的进展相关性研究

冠状动脉慢血流是指冠状动脉造影没有发现心外膜主要冠状动脉存在明显病变,而远端血管造影剂充盈延迟的一种现象。脂联素是由脂肪细胞特异性分泌的血浆蛋白质类激素,通过抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化等,有保护血管内皮的作用。高敏C反应蛋白作为一种炎性标志物已被确认是动脉粥样硬化的敏感指标。现将冠状动脉慢血流与血清脂联素、高敏C反应蛋白之间的相关性进行综述。     

Surgical management of primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst

Hydatid disease is caused by the cystic stage of infestation by Echinococcus granulosus. Most hydatid cysts occur in the liver followed in frequency by the lung but no site is immune. Hydatid disease of the retroperitoneum is a rare condition. A case study is described here of a 30-year-old female with diagnosis of hydatid cyst of retroperitoneum which was treated surgically.     

被动抬腿试验预测容量反应性研究进展

被动抬腿试验是预测容量反应性的一种新方法,通过监测被动抬腿试验诱导的心搏量或其替代指标的变化大小来预测机体的容量反应性,是功能性血流动力学监测指标,是可逆的自体容量负荷试验。该试验能够精确预测容量反应性,并具有操作简单、安全性高、不受自主呼吸和心律失常干扰、不受监测设备限制的优点,但其预测价值与血流动力学参数、监测时机、体位和腹压等因素有关。     

总量均衡区间及其主要特性

总量均衡区间是现实宏观经济运行中的一种特殊现象。总量均衡区间中的均衡属非均衡学派所主张的广义均衡,其特点表现为这是一种总供给与总需求存在一定差异、二者不完全相等情况下的总量均衡。静态地看,总量均衡区间是一个该区间内某相对稳定的总供给量与区间内无数个可能的总需求量均保持着均衡状态的特殊区间;动态地看,总量均衡区间则是一个随总需求变动而相应移动的区间。宏观调控对总量均衡区间的主要作用可一般地表述为:由宏观调控主导的总需求变动将引领总量均衡区间作相应的移动。正确认识总量均衡区间的特性对提高宏观调控质量与水平具有重要现实意义。     

隔膜型主动脉瓣下狭窄起源的初探

为使胚胎学的研究面向临床,我们采用两维-脉冲多普勒超声心动图检查,诊断33例隔膜型主动脉瓣下狭窄(membranous subaortic stenosis,MSS),其中23例同时合并室间隔膜部缺损(包括5例法乐四联症)。MSS系主动脉瓣下左室流出道有隔膜或新月形的纤维环存在,隔膜常位于主动脉瓣下1～3cm处。该隔膜可能主要由于心脏发生过程中心球脊发育不全引起。     

TRAIL及其受体的研究进展

肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)是肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员之一,能选择性诱导多种肿瘤细胞系的凋亡,而对正常细胞没有作用。TRAIL通过活化Casepase或线粒体依赖的途径诱导细胞凋亡。这种凋亡信号可以被其诱骗受体(DcR)所阻断,并且受Bcl-2家族蛋白所调节。本文将介绍TRAIL诱导凋亡的信号传导途径以及TRAIL的临床应用。     

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is caused by the inhalation of small organic allergen particles by non-atopic subjects which provoke an allergic reaction, thought to be chiefly due to a type III mechanism, in the peripheral respiratory tissues. The clinical features are determined by the nature of exposure, the immunopathological mechanism(s) involved and the site of reaction in the lung. When the exposure is intermittent and intensive, febrile episodes with respiratory symptoms beginning after four to six hours are prominent, but when it is more continuous and less intensive they are not and the features are those of a chronic fibrosing lung disease. The diagnosis is important to make because management by the avoidance of exposure is followed by improvement. It is made by recognizing the clinical presentation, by identifying the source of allergen exposure and by obtaining supportive evidence from precipitin and skin tests, or from allergen inhalation tests or lung biopsy.     

Rectal Dieulafoy's lesion. Report of two cases treated successfully by endoscopic means

Rectal Dieulafoy's lesion is an unusual cause of abrupt and massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is characterized histologically by a caliber-persistent submucosal artery that protrudes through a minute mucosal defect. Various theories and risk factors have been proposed to explain the occurrence of bleeding but none is completely satisfying. We present two cases of rectal Dieulafoy's lesion which were treated efficaciously by a simple injection of a sclerosing agent in the first case and by a combination of epinephrine injection and thermal probe coagulation in the second leading to a complete and rapid disappearance of the abnormal vessel.     

WB-2催化剂曲节因子的单颗粒色谱法测定

本文设计了一种新的单颗粒扩散池,建立了一套可准确测定多种规格圆柱状商品催化剂曲节因子的单颗粒色谱装置,并测得了能反映死孔影响的WB-2催化剂的曲节因子。分别用积分变换法和奇异摄动法,导出了数学模型在拉氏域内的解和时间域内的近似解析解,并用导得的解进行模型参数估值。提出了一种改进的矩分析法来估计模型参数。用模型的近似解析解模拟了模型参数和变量对下腔室流出曲线的影响,给单颗粒色谱法实验条件的选择和过程分析提供了理论依据。     

电针心经对心肌缺血性家兔心力环面积的影响

以心力环面积为指标，静脉滴注垂体后叶素造成家兔心肌缺血动物模型，结果表明，电针心经地心脏功能的调节作用比电针肺经显著，有相对特异性，说明心经作为一条经脉，与心脏机能活动有密切关系。     

Formal Verification of Medical Monitoring Software Using Z Language: A Representative Sample

Medical monitoring systems are useful aids assisting physicians in keeping patients under constant surveillance; however, taking sound decision by the systems is a physician concern. As a result, verification of the systems behavior in monitoring patients is a matter of significant. The patient monitoring is undertaken by software in modern medical systems; so, software verification of modern medial systems have been noticed. Such verification can be achieved by the Formal Languages having mathematical foundations. Among others, the Z language is a suitable formal language has been used to formal verification of systems. This study aims to present a constructive method to verify a representative sample of a medical system by which the system is visually specified and formally verified against patient constraints stated in Z Language. Exploiting our past experience in formal modeling Continuous Infusion Insulin Pump (CIIP), we think of the CIIP system as a representative sample of medical systems in proposing our present study. The system is responsible for monitoring diabetic’s blood sugar.     

HMGB1调控IL-17分泌与中性粒细胞性哮喘的研究进展

哮喘是一种慢性炎症性疾病,根据不同炎症细胞类型分为Th2型和非Th2型。非Th2型哮喘的特征是类固醇激素抵抗,以中性粒细胞性哮喘为主。高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)是一种属于警报素家族的染色质结合蛋白,作为促炎介质参与急性和慢性免疫疾病的发生发展,是非Th2型哮喘生物标志物。本文综述HMGB1调控IL-17分泌与中性粒细胞性哮喘的关系。     

神经病理性疼痛发病机制及多学科综合治疗研究进展

神经病理性疼痛是神经系统损伤引起的慢性疼痛。单纯镇痛药物很难满意控制疼痛,如何有效控制疼痛是临床治疗的难点,针对神经痛的机制及对疼痛病人进行药物和多学科综合治疗被认为是目前研究热点。本文就该病的发病机制和药物及多学科综合治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

Gastroesophageal reflux: a pulmonologist's viewpoint

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common situation that can express with digestive, extra-digestive, respiratory or otolaryngologic symptoms. Some chronic pulmonary disorders include in their setting GER as well. This review will address pathogenesis, clinical signs, complications and treatment of GER with a special focus towards the pulmonologist field. GER is a physiological post-prandial phenomenon of limited duration. It is induced by transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (tLESR) or by factors that impede LES function by reducing its tone or disrupting its contractions. Extra-digestive symptoms are caused by vagal stimulation through common autonomic pathways to the esophagus and bronchi. This reflex is triggered by gastric acid stimulation of esophageal receptors and by acid micro-aspirations into the airways. The responsibility of GER towards respiratory symptoms is often difficult to attest despite thorough investigations. Results of one to three-month treatment trial with proton pump inhibitors can be of value. Gastroesophageal assessment is mandatory as pulmonary manifestations might indicate disease severity.     

评《医学信息检索》双语教材

<医学信息检索>双语教材一书选题具有重大意义,体例科学完整,内涵丰富;业界影响较大,应用广泛;继承与创新相结合,特色鲜明.     

Fatal septicaemia due to Chromobacterium violaceum

Human infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum is rare but when it occurs, it is associated with a high mortality rate. This is a report of a young adult male who presented as a surgical emergency and succumbed soon after. The most common feature of this infection is sepsis, followed by cutaneous involvement and liver abscesses. Chromobacterium infection as a differential in a case of sepsis is important for clinicians to suspect, especially in tropical countries.     

血管性痴呆动物模型研究进展

血管性痴呆是由于一系列脑血管因素引起的脑组织血液循环障碍、脑部机能减退而致的一种认知功能缺损的综合征。建立合适的脑缺血所致VD动物模型对于深入探讨VD的发病机制、病理学特点以及临床患者的早期诊断、早期治疗甚至早期预防均有重要意义。本文对VD的动物实验模型研究进展做一综述。     

“金曰从革”探赜

《尚书》是我国最古老的历史文献之一,首载了"金曰从革"一句,该句中的"革"一直存有争议,而"清华简"的出现,将传世的《尚书》一书各篇的真伪蒙上面纱。笔者通过查阅文献觉得"革"可以用"戈"来替代。     

临床实验室信息管理网络系统的开发研究

目的：研制开发临床实验室信息管理网络系统.方法：管理系统的界面采用Visual Basic6.0设计,数据库采用AC-CESS数据库,并利用SQL语句实现查询和统计,采用Active X空间实现数据接收和自动归档,并以Printer对象和DataReport 设计实现报表打印.结果：整个管理系统功能全面、界面美观、数据库的运行稳定,基本实现了临床实验室管理常用的统计和管理功能,达到了当初设计的要求.结论：系统实现了三级管理模式、当前检测记录与历史信息之间的动态对比、多样化查询与统计功能、人性化的设计与实用工具等重大创新,是一个具有重要的应用前景和能满足临床工作需要的软件系统.