Michael J. Simmonds1, Herbert J. Meiselman2, Oguz K. Baskurt3

The flow properties of blood play significant roles in tissue perfusion by contributing to hydrodynamic resistance in blood vessels. These properties are influenced by pathophysiological processes, the...     

冠心病患者全血粘弹性的变化

观察冠心病患者全血粘弹性的变化，检测34例单支局限冠状动脉病变的冠心病患者，32例双支，三支或弥漫性冠状动脉病变的冠心病患者及35例对照者的血脂，红细胞膜微粘度，膜钠泵活性，膜收缩蛋白相对含量，红细胞变形参数及全血弹性模量和动粘度的变化。结果显示，冠心病患者血脂，膜微粘度，全血弹性模量及动粘度明显高于对照者，而膜钠泵活性，膜收缩蛋白相对含量及红细胞变形参数则明显低于对照者，且随着冠状动脉病变的加重，各指标变化更加明显，冠心病患者膜钠泵活性与膜微粘度，全血弹性模量与红细胞变形参数（高角频率条件下）呈负相关关系，而膜钠泵活性与膜收缩蛋白相对含量和红细胞变形参数，膜收缩蛋白相对含量与红细胞变形参数以及全血弹性模量与动粘度呈正相关关系。结果提示。全血粘弹性的增高可能与血脂，膜微粘度的增高及膜度的增高参与了冠心病的发生和发展过程。     

Erythrocyte insulin receptor: Normalization of binding data for the average cell age by the red cell creatine determination in obese,diabetic and acromegalic patients

Summary Insulin binding studies performed in erythrocytes (RBC) have been employed in clinical studies assessing the status of insulin receptors at target cell tissues. However, some authors challenged this assumption on the basis of some discrepancies described in comparative studies of other cell types, probably related to populations of different cell age affecting insulin binding to RBC. We evaluated insulin binding to RBC in normal males (n=10), non-obese diabetic males (n=13), normal females (n=15), obese (n=11) and acromegalic females (n=5), before and after correction of insulin binding data for creatine concentration in the RBC as a procedure of correction for age, since a negative correlation was described between creatine content and RBC age which also correlates inversely with % insulin binding. Insulin binding in all three groups of patients was not statistically different from corresponding values for normal males and females respectively before correction of data for creatine, but significantly reduced values were found after adjustment for creatine in accordance with published data concerning monocytes. In conclusion, the procedure of correcting insulin binding in erythrocytes by the creatine content in RBC is potentially useful for clinical investigations, since the influence of RBC age is excluded. This study was supported by a grant from Novo Research Institute, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.     

用抗体诱发急性红细胞溶血法建立红细胞在体同步衰老模型的可行性研究

在Mohandas工作的基础上,用抗体诱发动物急性红细胞溶血的方法,提出并建立了一种新的红细胞在体同步衰老的模型。对动物红细胞压积、网织红细胞计数等指标连续跟踪观测发现,溶血后红细胞的应激增生过程基本在注射抗体后10d内完成,动物体内的红细胞具有基本相同的年龄特征,说明这一模型是可信     

Feasibility Study on Donor Apheresis Red Cell and Platelet Simultaneous Collection for Blood Center Routine Use

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine if single donor platelet and red cell simultaneous collection by apheresis technique can be applied to routine blood product collection at blood centers. Both apheresis red cell product and platelet product were successfully collected and manitol, adenine, and phosphate (MAP) additive solution was added to the red cell concentrates during collection. During a 49 day storage study period, the red cell product quality was maintained and found to be equivalent to that of red cell products derived from whole blood collected by the traditional method. This study demonstrated the possibility of applying this collection method for routine use for single donor apheresis platelet product and red cell product preparation at blood centers.     

Red Blood Cell Distribution and Survival in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes significantly to mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), an automated measure of red blood cell size heterogeneity that is largely overlooked, is a newly recognized mortality marker in patients with established CVD. It is unknown whether RDW is associated with mortality in COPD patients.

Aims: To study the prognostic value of RDW in patients with COPD and to compare the value of this measurement with cardiac, respiratory, and hemotological status. Method: We performed retrospective analyses of 270 patients stable with COPD who were admitted to our hospital between January 2007 and December 2009. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory characteristics were registered and recorded COPD deaths were registered as outcomes. Results: In the overall patients, the RDW level had a mean value of 15.1 ± 2.4. RDW was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.008, r = 0.21), right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) (p < 0.001, r = 0.25), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (p = 0.03, r = 0.14). Variables (p < 0.1) included in the univariate survival analysis were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1% predicted), RDW levels, age, PaCO2, albumine and CRP levels, presence of CVD, presence of anemia, presence of RVD, and presence of PAH. Subsequent multivariate analysis suggested that RDW levels (1.12; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.24; p = 0.01), and presence of RVD (2.6; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.8; p = 0.01) were independently related to mortality. Conclusion: Elevated RDW levels were associated with increased mortality risk in stable COPD patients.     

Comparison of Different Methods Used in the Preparation of Leucocyte-Free Whole Blood and Erythrocyte Concentrates

Abstract. The authors studied the degree of qualitative and quantitative deleucocytation of whole blood that can be obtained by washing and filtering. Based on the studies of 20 samples of blood it was established that successful deleucocytation can be expected only it combined procedures of washing and filtering are employed.
The purpose of our present investigations was to determine to what extent can whole blood be deleucocyted by using current methods of blood preservation, or by combining these methods, as well as to assess the degree of damaging effects on red blood cells produced by these methods.     

Human erythrocyte volume is linearly related to cell concentration in blood

Summary In 253 normal male subjects mean corpuscular volume decreases as red cell count increases. The result is statistically significant (p<0.005).The work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada     

血清胆红素和红细胞分布宽度在冠心病患者中的变化及意义

目的观察冠心病(CHD)患者血清胆红素(BIL)和红细胞分布宽度(RDW)的变化。方法对53例CHD患者与49例健康人采用全自动血细胞分析仪和全自动生化分析仪测定RDW、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)。结果 CHD组的TBIL、DBIL降低,而RDW增高,与对照组比较,差异均有显著性。结论 BIL浓度降低与CHD的发病有一定的关系,而RDW的增高,一定程度上反应了CHD血管内皮细胞的炎症反应情况,有望作为CHD随访的一项参考指标。     

O型血浆和红细胞上清液抗体效价与时间消长性研究

目的：了解O型供血者全血血浆和悬浮红细胞上清液抗体效价与保存时间相关性。方法：采用盐水法检测血浆和红细胞上清液IgM抗A、抗B效价,用2-巯基乙醇（2-Me）破坏IgM抗体后,用抗人球蛋白法检测血浆和红细胞上清液IgG抗体效价。结果：在各保存的时间段中,O型全血血浆IgG抗A和kG抗B效价积分分别与悬浮红细胞清液IgG抗A和IgG抗B效价积分互相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0．01）;同样,IgM抗A和IgM抗B效价积分分别与悬浮红细胞上清液IgM抗A和IgM抗B效价积分互相比较差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01）。另外,O型全血血浆和悬浮红细胞上清液中IgM抗A和IgM抗B效价积分均明显高于IgG抗A和IgG抗B效价积分分别相互比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01）。全血血浆和悬浮红细胞上清液抗体效价随着保存期的延长至15d均呈阶梯式的下降,A、B组O型全血血浆和悬浮红细胞上清液中IgM抗A和抗B效价积分、IgG抗A和抗B效价积分分别与C、D、E、F组相互比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论：在紧急情况输血时,可酌情输注O型CPD保养液保存时间为15d以上的悬浮红细胞,可能不会引起不同红细胞血型受血者溶血性输血反应。     

紫外线照射血充氧回输对肺心病患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

应用紫外线照射血充氧回输（AUVIB）对24例慢性肺心病患者进行辅助治疗，并对患者治疗前后的红细胞免疫功能及其调节因子进行检测，结果发现肺心病患者与正常对照组比较红细胞C3b受体（RCR）花环率、红细胞C3b受体花环促进率（RFER）明显降低（P＜0.01），红细胞免疫复合物（RCIC）花环率及红细胞C3b受体花环抑制率（RFIR）明显升高（P＜0.05），说明肺心病患者存在红细胞免疫功能缺陷。经AUVIB辅助治疗后，肺心病患者RCR花环率、RFER明显升高（P＜0．05），红细胞免疫复合物（RCIC）花环率及RFIR明显升高（P＜0.05）。说明AUVIB治疗能够增强肺心病患者的红细胞免疫功能。     

Red blood cell distribution width in elderly hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUNDRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) is elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).AIMTo determine RDW values and impact of CV and non-CV coexisting morbidities in elderly patients hospitalized with chronic CVD.METHODSThis prospective study included 204 consecutive elderly patients (age 77.5 [7.41] years, female 94 [46%], left ventricular ejection fraction 53.00% [37.50, 55.00]) hospitalized with chronic CVD at the Cardiology Department of Larissa University General Hospital (Larissa, Greece) from January 2019 to April 2019. Elderly patients were selected due to the high prevalence of coexisting morbidities in this patient population. Hospitalized patients with acute CVD (acute coronary syndromes, new-onset heart failure [HF], and acute pericarditis/myocarditis), primary isolated valvular heart disease, sepsis, and those with a history of blood transfusions or cancer were excluded. The evaluation of the patients within 24 h from admission included clinical examination, laboratory blood tests, and echocardiography.RESULTSThe most common cardiac morbidities were hypertension and coronary artery disease, with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (ADCHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) also frequently being present. The most common non-cardiac morbidities were anemia and chronic kidney disease followed by diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sleep apnea. RDW was significantly elevated 15.48 (2.15); 121 (59.3%) of patients had RDW > 14.5% which represents the upper limit of normal in our institution. Factors associated with RDW in stepwise regression analysis were ADCHF (coefficient: 1.406; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.830-1.981; P < 0.001), AF (1.192; 0.673 to 1.711; P < 0.001), and anemia (0.806; 0.256 to 1.355; P = 0.004). ADCHF was the most significant factor associated with RDW. RDW was on average 1.41 higher for patients with than without ADCHF, 1.19 higher for patients with than without AF, and 0.81 higher for patients with than without anemia. When patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of anemia, ADCHF and AF, heart rate was not increased in those with anemia but was significantly increased in those with ADCHF or AF.CONCLUSIONRDW was elevated in elderly hospitalized patients with chronic CVD. Factors associated with RDW were anemia and CV factors associated with elevated heart rate (ADCHF, AF), suggesting sympathetic overactivity.     

The effect of camelina sativa oil and fish intakes on fatty acid compositions of blood lipid fractions

Background and aims

Blood lipid fractions serve as objective biomarkers of dietary fat intake. It is unclear which fatty acid pool most accurately reflects the dietary intakes of different n-3 PUFAs. We aimed to investigate the effect of fish and camelina sativa oil (CSO) intakes on fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes (EM), plasma phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG). We also aimed to identify the most appropriate blood lipid fraction for assessing n-3 PUFA intake.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Morphological Abnormalities of Erythrocytes in Alcoholic Liver Diseases

Background: We previously reported that morphological abnormalities and the altered deformability of erythrocytes play important roles in disturbances of hepatic microcirculation associated with alcoholic liver disease. Methods: The subjects of this study were five patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, two patients with alcoholic fatty liver, and two healthy volunteers. Concentrating on erythrocyte morphology in the presence of alcoholic liver disease, we observed erythrocytes under a scanning electron microscope and examined their morphological changes in relation to the disease. Results: Among the five patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, stomatocytes accounted for about 14% and acanthocytes for about 10% of all erythrocytes. In the fatty liver group (n = 2), acanthocytes were absent, and stomatocytes accounted for 23% in one subject and 56% in the other, of the total. When the two patients with liver cirrhosis were examined over time, one of them was found to have 12% stomatocytes, 21% acanthocytes, and a filtration time of 14.7 sec at admission. Following 1 month of abstinence, this patient had 1% stomatocytes, 6% acanthocytes, and a filtration time of 10.4 sec, which were accompanied by improvements in peripheral blood parameters and liver function. In another patient with liver cirrhosis, there were no acanthocytes, 8% stomatocytes, and a filtration time of 5 sec at admission; this patient had 1% stomatocytes and a filtration time of 7.7 sec after 1 month of abstinence. In one patient with fatty liver who was examined over time, the percentage of stomatocytes was 56%, and the filtration time was 7.7 sec at admission; these parameters were 1% and 5.1 sec, respectively, after 1 month of abstinence. Conclusions: The present study revealed that stomatocytes and acanthocytes are morphologically abnormal erythrocytes observed in the presence of alcoholic liver disease. These abnormal forms of erythrocytes tended to normalize as peripheral blood parameters and liver function were improved by abstinence, which suggests that erythrocyte morphology is related to the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease.     

The Role of Red Blood Cell Exchange Transfusion in the Treatment and Prevention of Complications of Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract: Patients with sickle cell disease have abnormal red blood cells (RBCs). This can cause chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso‐occlusion leading to tissue hypoxemia and organ dysfunction. RBC exchange transfusion can, without increasing the whole‐blood viscosity, quickly replace abnormal erythrocytes with normal and raise the hematocrit resulting in improved delivery of oxygen to hypoxic tissues. Unfortunately, transfusion can also be associated with complications. This paper reviews the role of transfusion, both simple and exchange, in the treatment and prevention of sickle‐related complications. The benefits of exchange versus simple transfusion and transfusion versus alternative therapies are discussed.     

外周血细胞计数对肝纤维化程度的预测价值

目的 探讨外周血细胞计数对肝纤维化程度的预测价值.方法 外周血细胞计数采用Coulter Ac·T diff血细胞分析仪检测.用ROC曲线下面积评价外周血细胞计数对S1与S2-4,S1-2与S3-4、S1-3与S4的鉴别价值;用Bayes逐步判别分析,构建判别函数,评价外周血细胞计数对S1、S2、S3、S4的诊断价值.结果 白细胞、血小板、粒细胞计数鉴别S1-2与S3-4的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.339、0.296、0.332,显著小于诊断参考线下面积(P＜0.05);红细胞、淋巴细胞、中间细胞计数鉴别S1-2与S3-4的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.414、0.436、0.502,相似于诊断参考线下面积(P＞0.05).白细胞、红细胞、血小板、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、中间细胞计数鉴别S1与S2-4和S1-3与S4的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.430和0.546、0.429和0.392、0.547和0.392、0.504和0.437、0.388和0.669、0.415和0.563,均相似于诊断参考线下面积(P＞0.05).根据判别函数模型,预测与实测病理分期S1、S2、S3和S4的一致率分别为50.0%、9.5%、61.8%和25.0%,总一致率为43.0%.结论 白细胞、血小板、粒细胞计数鉴别S1-2与S3-4有一定价值;白细胞、红细胞、血小板、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、中间细胞计数鉴别S1与S2-4和S1-3与S4均无价值.判别函数模型鉴别不同病理分期的价值有限.     

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is Associated With All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of red blood cell variability that is usually used to differentiate the cause of anemia. However, clinical evidence for the relationship between RDW and mortality in hemodialysis patients is still lacking. We performed a single center, prospective longitudinal study. During more than 5 years of follow‐up in 80 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, 34 patients (42.5%) died. In the Kaplan–Meier curve analyses, higher RDW levels (≥ 14.9%) were significantly associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (log‐rank test, P < 0.05, each). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, each 1.0% increase in RDW value predicted an estimated 25% higher risk of mortality (P < 0.05) and a 40% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.05). In conclusion, higher RDW value was a significant predictor for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.     

Hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis associated with prosthetic heart valve replacement: rheological study of erythrocyte modifications

The implantation of a prosthetic heart valve (HVP) in patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is rare, and the changes in the structure and deformability of erythrocytes that follow implantation in these patients have been poorly described. In the present study, the erythrocytes in HS and HE patients with mechanical HVP were compared to the erythrocytes in patients with only congenital membrane defects, in terms of biochemical modifications and rheological behaviour. Integral and cytoskeletal erythrocyte membrane proteins were studied, and blood viscosity (shear rate/shear stress ratio), aggregation ratio [η(1 s⁻¹)/η(200 s⁻¹)], and red cell visco-elasticity were determined. Valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis worsened anaemia and resulted in a change in haemolysis, from sub-clinical to evident. The rheological investigation of erythrocytes from HS patients confirmed the characteristic increased viscosity and aggregation ratio and the decreased deformability. The rheological behaviour of erythrocytes from patients with HVP showed a decrease in viscosity and an increase in elastic modulus. In these patients, the prosthesis seems to have induced traumatic damage to the erythrocyte membrane, leading to fragmentation and lysis, which in turn modified rheological parameters. The biochemical and rheological investigation allowed us to understand the clinical and haematological pictures of the patients and to describe the role played by different factors in haemolytic anaemia.     

Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width in patients with psoriatic arthritis

Aim of the workTo evaluate the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and to study the relationship between these values and disease activation.Patients and methodsForty seven patients with PsA and 56 age- and sex matched healthy controls were included in this study. Laboratory test results of both groups were retrospectively collected from medical records; these included levels for white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet, RDW, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Disease activity score (DAS28) was used to evaluate disease activity.ResultsThe study comprised 47 PsA patients (32 females and 15 males) (F:M 2.1:1) with a mean age of 39.2 ± 9.9 (20–54) years and mean disease duration was 3.3 ± 1.94 (1–8) years. 39 (83%) patients were receiving monotherapy, 8 (17%) were receiving combined therapy. The RDW values were significantly higher when comparing active disease period (16 ± 3.9) of PsA patients versus inactive disease period (14.2 ± 1.04) and controls (14.03 ± 1.2) (p < 0.001). Otherwise, no significant differences were found when comparing inactive disease period of PsA patients versus controls (p = 0.18). RDW values of active disease period of PsA patients significantly correlated with ESR (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.4, p = 0.006) and DAS28 (r = 0.42, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIncreased RDW is associated with active disease period of PsA patients. RDW seems to be a surrogate marker of the inflammation, like CRP and ESR. It is included in the complete blood count thus its measurement does not need any additional costs. RDW may be a potential marker to evaluate disease activity of PsA.     

Na+-K+ Cotransport and Hypertension. Effect of Piretanide and Hydrochlorothiazide on Red Blood Cell Sodium Concentration in Acutely Salt-Loaded Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats

Na⁺-K⁺ cotransport has been presumed to be a genetic marker or aetiological factor in essential hypertension in numerous studies. In spite of extended in vitro research, the role of this transport system in hypertension could not be proved. In the pressent study the action of the cotransport inhibitor piretanide and the non-loop diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on red blood cell (RBC) sodium concentration was examined under in vivo conditions in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague Dawley rats (NSDR) during acute salt-loading.

Before drug administration salt-loading resulted in an increase of RBC sodium concentration, the percentage of which was not different in SHR and NSDR. However, after administration of piretanide in oral doses of 8–32 mg/kg body weight, the percent increase in RBC sodium was lower in SHR than in NSDR. This effect which was found to be dose-dependent was not brought about by HCT.

The data might be due to a piretanide inhibition of sodium-induced inward RBC Na⁺-K⁺ cotransport more pronounced in SHR than in NSDR.