单侧上颌骨缺损义颌修复治疗现状及进展

单侧上颌骨缺损是临床常见的颌面部缺损之一,主要依靠赝复体修复。本文旨在从单侧上颌骨缺损义颌修复设计的形式、类别、固位体设计等几方面进行综述,同时,对附着体义齿修复、牵引成骨术、种植修复和CAD/CAM等新材料、新技术在上颌骨缺损修复的应用,进行综述和展望。     

用力学原理分析义颌用颧区承力及颧区口内种植的作用

目的用力学原理分析义颌用颧区承力及从口腔内在颧区植入种植体对上颌骨大型缺损义颌恢复咀嚼功能的作用.方法用杠杆原理及转动力矩公式M=F×L,对比分析缺损侧有无颧区承力义颌以及从缺损腔内和从口腔内在颧区植入种植体的义颌受力后的情况.结果(1)缺损侧无颧区承力义颌因缺损侧无骨支持面,受力时杠杆作用使义颌翘动.(2)缺损侧有颧区承力的义颌,受力时无杠杆作用使义颌稳定.(3)从缺损腔内向颧骨种植的义颌,种植体长轴方向与力方向呈大角度.种植体受侧向力,具有转动力矩.(4)从口腔内在颧区上种植,种植体长轴方向与力方向一致,种植体受垂直力.结论通过力学原理对上颌骨大型缺损用不同义颌修复方法分析得出(1)颧区承力义颌受力时稳定;口内颧区种植体,只受垂直力,无损伤,故均能有长期恢复咀嚼生理功能的疗效.(2)缺损侧无颧区承力义颌受力时翘动,从缺损腔内斜行向颧骨种植义颌,种植体受到侧向力均会造成损伤,不会有远期疗效.     

双侧上颌骨缺损颧种植体修复的有限元分析

目的:研究颧种植体结合血管化腓骨瓣修复双侧上颌骨缺损的生物力学分布情况,为临床上颌骨缺损功能性修复提供理论参考.方法:基于患者的CT扫描数据、图像及图形处理技术,模拟上颌骨双侧骨缺损状态.依照临床上颌骨缺损后修复设计方法,应用腓骨瓣、颧种植体结合常规种植体植入,利用三维有限元法分析该设计的生物力学情况.结果:颧种植体结合血管化腓骨瓣修复双侧上颌骨缺损模型的应力分布中,应力最大值分别出现在颧种植体穿过腓骨和颧骨的部位.种植体结构中弯曲变化的位移不明显,并且种植体整体位移在颧骨附近逐渐减小为零.结论:实验表明(牙合)力引起的应力主要由颧骨和腓骨所承担,颧种植体结合血管化腓骨瓣修复双侧上颌骨缺损能够合理分散并传导(牙合)力,其周围支持组织具有良好的应力分布.该方法恢复了双侧颧突支柱的功能,是一种双侧上颌骨缺损功能性重建的有效方法.     

颧颊翼咽鼻突义颌修复双侧上颌骨缺损七例

双侧上颌骨缺损后,许多整复手术常难以成功,尤其在肿瘤切除后又接受放射治疗者,而利用颧颊翼咽鼻突义颌进行修复是一种有效的治疗手段。作者对７例双侧上颌骨缺损患者进行义颌修复治疗,６例系肿瘤切除后的缺损,１例为创伤所致缺损。其中１例术后经放射治疗发生放射性...     

颧种植体用于单侧上颌骨缺损修复的生物力学评价

目的:对单侧上颌骨缺损骨瓣移植种植体植入进行几何仿真模拟,评价颧种植体结合血管化骨瓣修复单侧上颌骨缺损的生物力学情况.方法:基于CT扫描和图像及图形处理技术,建立标准的人模块化颅骨三维几何和有限元力学模型.在此模型基础上,模拟上颌骨单侧骨缺损状态,并依照临床修复情况,设计上颌骨单侧缺损的修复方法,利用有限元方法评价该设计的生物力学性能.结果:颧种植体联合骨瓣移植修复单侧上颌骨缺损模型的应力分布中,应力最大值出现在颧种植体植人颧骨的颈部,颧种植体应力值大于周围支持组织,起到了颧突支柱对<牙合>力的传导作用.结论:颧种植体结合血管化骨瓣修复单侧上颌骨缺损能够有效传导<牙合>力,其周围支持组织具有良好的应力分布,在一定程度上恢复了颧突支柱的功能,是一种安全有效的修复单侧上颌骨缺损并恢复咀嚼功能的可选方法.     

上颌骨缺损功能性修复进展

上颌骨缺损后进行功能性修复是提高患者生存质量的有效手段。作者从上颌骨缺损的分类、复合组织移植重建、赝复体修复、骨内种植体修复等几个方面进行综述,尤其对咀嚼功能重建进行评价,并展望计算机辅助设计与制作（CAD／CAM）在上颌骨缺损功能性修复中的应用。     

颧种植体应用于双侧上颌骨缺损修复的生物力学分析

目的:评价颧种植体结合血管化腓骨修复双侧上颌骨缺损的生物力学分布情况.方法:基于CT扫描数据和图像及图形处理技术,模拟上颌骨双侧骨缺损状态,依照临床修复情况设计上颌骨双侧缺损的修复方法,利用三维有限元法评价该设计的生物力学情况.结果:颧种植体结合血管化腓骨修复双侧上颌缺损模型的应力分布中,应力最大值分别出现在顿种植体穿过腓骨和颧骨的部位.种植体结构中弯曲变化的位移不明显,并且种植体整体位移在颧骨附近逐渐减小为零.结论:实验表明合力引起的应力主要由颧骨和腓骨所承担,颧种植体结合血管化腓骨修复双侧上颌骨缺损能够合理分散并传导合力,其周围支持组织具有良好的应力分布.该方法恢复了颧突支柱的功能,是一种双侧上颌骨缺损功能性重建的有效临床方法.     

无牙颌患者上颌骨缺损的修复

总结了１８例无牙颌患者上颌骨缺损的修复经验，对无牙颌骨上颌缺损的６种亚类分别提出相应的修复设计，并将磁附着技术，种植体、杆卡式附着体等新技术引入无牙颌上颌骨缺损的修复。还评价了各种设计的修复效果     

上颌骨严重萎缩或缺损患者的种植技术探讨

颧骨是颌面部骨质比较致密的部位,颧区承力的应用为上颌骨严重萎缩和上颌骨缺损患者的修复开辟了一条新的途径.本文着力探讨颧种植体在上颌后牙区严重萎缩患者和上颌骨缺损患者中的植入方法及其辅助定位.     

颧种植体用于单侧上颔骨缺损修复的生物力学评价

目的：对单侧上颌骨缺损骨瓣移植种植体植入进行几何仿真模拟，评价颧种植体结合血管化骨瓣修复单侧上颌骨缺损的生物力学情况。方法：基于CT扫描和图像及图形处理技术，建立标准的人模块化颅骨三维几何和有限元力学模型。在此模型基础上，模拟上颌骨单侧骨缺损状态，并依照临床修复情况，设计上颌骨单侧缺损的修复方法，利用有限元方法评价该设计的生物力学性能。结果：颧种值体联合骨瓣移植修复单侧上颌骨缺损模型的应力分布中，应力最大值出现在颧种植体植入颧骨的颈部，颧种植体应力值大于周围支持组织，起到了颧突支柱对[牙合]力的传导作用。结论：颧种植体结合血管化骨瓣修复单侧上颌骨缺损能够有效传导[牙合]力，其周围支持组织具有良好的应力分布，在一定程度上恢复了颧突支柱的功能，是一种安全有效的修复单侧上颌骨缺损并恢复咀嚼功能的可选方法。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形     

口底癌34例临床分析

目的探讨口底癌的临床特性、治疗方法及预后。方法对我院自1992—2002年住院治疗的34例口底癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果34例口底癌患者中,男28例(82.4%),女6例(17.6%),男女比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄58岁。发病部位:前口底22例(64.7%),后口底12例(35.3%)。淋巴结转移率41.2%。单纯手术组、化疗加手术组、放疗加手术组、化疗加手术加放疗组的5年生存率分别为45.5%、60.0%、50.0%、62.5%。结论口底癌以中老年患者好发,男性居多。易发生淋巴结转移,综合疗法疗效较好。