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1.
Milgrom J Gemmill AW Bilszta JL Hayes B Barnett B Brooks J Ericksen J Ellwood D Buist A 《Journal of affective disorders》2008,108(1-2):147-157
BACKGROUND: This study measured antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression in the Australian population, both singly and in combination. Risk factor data were gathered antenatally and depressive symptoms measured via the beyondblue National Postnatal Depression Program, a large prospective cohort study into perinatal mental health, conducted in all six states of Australia, and in the Australian Capital Territory, between 2002 and 2005. METHODS: Pregnant women were screened for symptoms of postnatal depression at antenatal clinics in maternity services around Australia using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a psychosocial risk factor questionnaire that covered key demographic and psychosocial information. RESULTS: From a total of 40,333 participants, we collected antenatal EPDS data from 35,374 women and 3144 of these had a score >12 (8.9%). Subsequently, efforts were made to follow-up 22,968 women with a postnatal EPDS. Of 12,361 women who completed postnatal EPDS forms, 925 (7.5%) had an EPDS score >12. Antenatal depression together with a prior history of depression and a low level of partner support were the strongest independent antenatal predictors of a postnatal EPDS score >12. LIMITATIONS: The two main limitations of the study were the use of the EPDS (a self-report screening tool) as the measure of depressive symptoms rather than a clinical diagnosis, and the rate of attrition between antenatal screening and the collection of postnatal follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal depressive symptoms appear to be as common as postnatal depressive symptoms. Previous depression, current depression/anxiety, and low partner support are found to be key antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression in this large prospective cohort, consistent with existing meta-analytic surveys. Current depression/anxiety (and to some extent social support) may be amenable to change and can therefore be targeted for intervention. 相似文献
2.
Delphin Swalm Janette Brooks Dorota Doherty Elizabeth Nathan Angela Jacques 《Archives of women's mental health》2010,13(6):515-522
We replicated the factor structure of the anxiety subscale of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in a large convenience
sample of Western Australian women who participated in the beyondblue National Postnatal Depression Program. In addition, we determined an appropriate cut-off score for the anxiety subscale.
Factor analyses conducted on the EPDS responses yielded depression and anxiety factors as identified in previous research.
Two-factor solutions accounted for over 50% of the variance at two time frames: antenatally (N = 4,706) and at postnatal follow-up (N = 3,853). The anxiety and depression factors had similar factor structures antenatally and postnatally and were consistent
with previous published findings. The concurrent validity of the anxiety subscale was demonstrated by its significant relationship
to anxiety-related items on a psychosocial risk factors questionnaire. Anxiety dropped significantly from the antenatal to
the postnatal time period. These findings confirm the anxiety subscale of the EPDS and point to its utility in screening for
anxiety symptoms using a cut-off score ≥4 which captured the top quartile of the antenatal sample. 相似文献
3.
Buist A Condon J Brooks J Speelman C Milgrom J Hayes B Ellwood D Barnett B Kowalenko N Matthey S Austin MP Bilszta J 《Journal of affective disorders》2006,93(1-3):233-237
BACKGROUND: To assess the acceptability of routine screening for perinatal depression. METHOD: Postnatal women (n=860) and health professionals (n=916) were surveyed after 3 years of routine perinatal (antenatal and postnatal) use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). RESULTS: Over 90% of women had the screening explained to them and found the EPDS easy to complete; 85% had no difficulties completing it. Discomfort with screening was significantly related to having a higher EPDS score. A majority of health professionals using the EPDS was comfortable and found it useful. LIMITATIONS: The sample involved only maternity services supporting depression screening. In addition, the response rate from GPs was low. CONCLUSIONS: Routine screening with the EPDS is acceptable to most women and health professionals. Sensitive explanation, along with staff training and support, is essential in implementing depression screening. 相似文献
4.
Giardinelli L Innocenti A Benni L Stefanini MC Lino G Lunardi C Svelto V Afshar S Bovani R Castellini G Faravelli C 《Archives of women's mental health》2012,15(1):21-30
Accumulating evidence suggests that pregnancy does not protect women from mental illness. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and the risks factors for perinatal depression and anxiety. Five hundred ninety women between 28th and the 32nd gestational weeks were recruited and submitted to a sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychological interview. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-Y) were also administered in antenatal period and 3?months postnatally. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) was used to diagnose mood and anxiety disorders. Three months after delivery, EPDS was administered by telephone interview. Women with an EPDS score ≥10 were 129 in antenatal period (21.9%) and 78 in postnatal period (13.2%). During pregnancy 121 women (20.5%) were positive for STAI-Y state and 149 women (25.3%) for STAI-Y trait. The most important risk factors for antenatal depression are: foreign nationality, conflictual relationship with family and partner, and lifetime psychiatric disorders. The principal risk factors for postnatal depression are: psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and artificial reproductive techniques. Psychiatric disorders, during and preceding pregnancy, are the strongest risk factors for antenatal state and trait anxiety. Antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms appear to be as common as postnatal symptoms. These results provide clinical direction suggesting that early identification and treatment of perinatal affective disorders is particularly relevant to avoid more serious consequences for mothers and child. 相似文献
5.
Janette Brooks Elizabeth Nathan Craig Speelman Delphin Swalm Angela Jacques Dorota Doherty 《Archives of women's mental health》2009,12(2):105-112
Given what appears to be an ever-increasing list of concerning consequences of perinatal depression, longitudinal studies
have much to offer when considering the timing and efficacy of prevention and intervention strategies. The course of depressive
symptomatology across the perinatal period at four obstetric services was investigated utilising Western Australian data collected
as part of the beyondblue National Postnatal Depression Program. Pregnant women completed one or two Edinburgh Postnatal Depression
Scale (EPDS) assessments during pregnancy and a demographic and psychosocial risk factors questionnaire. One or two EPDS assessments
were administered within 12 months postpartum. Prevalence of high risk scores across gestational ages ranged from 14% to 5%
during pregnancy and 6% to 9% in the postnatal period. For women who were screened twice, the prevalence of high risk scores
appeared earlier and decreased with advancing gestation (p = 0.026). The prevalence of postnatal high risk increased after 12 weeks postpartum (p = 0.029). Screening protocols for depressive symptomatology during pregnancy may need to be fine-tuned across individual
hospitals, and take into account gestational ages, in order to be most effective. As depressive symptomatology persists postnatally,
screening protocols may need to extend beyond 12 weeks postpartum. 相似文献
6.
OBJECTIVE: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a self-rating scale developed to screen for postnatal depression. The aim of this study was to validate a Norwegian translation of the EPDS, study its psychometric properties, and identify risk factors for postnatal depression. METHOD: EPDS was filled in by 411 women at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Of these, 100 were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV major and minor depressive disorders. RESULTS: When using a cut-off of 11 on the EPDS, 26 of 27 women with major depression were identified (sensitivity 96%, specificity 78%). An aggregate point prevalence of 10.0% of major and minor depression was found. A one-factor model accounted for 46.6% of the variance. Strongest risk factors for postpartum depression were previous depression, depression in current pregnancy, and current somatic illness. LIMITATIONS: Women screened using the EPDS who had a score above threshold, yet did not attend the diagnostic interview could cause the point prevalence of depression to be higher than indicated here. CONCLUSION: The Norwegian translation of EPDS functions equally well as other translations as a screening tool for postnatal depression. The risk factors that were found are compatible with other studies. 相似文献
7.
Jardri R Pelta J Maron M Thomas P Delion P Codaccioni X Goudemand M 《Journal of affective disorders》2006,93(1-3):169-176
BACKGROUND: Postnatal depression is a major public health problem. The aim of this study is to validate the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the early postpartum, and to identify the markers for risk of postnatal depression. METHODS: 815 women filled out an EPDS and general information questionnaire between the third and the fifth day postpartum. The women with an EPDS score of >8 and a randomized control group from those with scores of <8 were contacted 8 weeks postpartum. 363 women therefore had a structured diagnostic interview by telephone at 8 weeks postpartum (MINI-DSM-IV), without knowledge of their EPDS scores, to screen for a major or minor depressive episode. RESULTS: The sensitivity of EPDS was measured as 0.82 [0.78-0.86], with a positivity threshold of 9.5/30. For an estimated prevalence for all depressive episodes of 16.1%, the positive predictive value of EPDS was measured as 42.8% [39.1-46.5%]. Multivariate risk analysis using logistical regression identified the following as risk markers for postnatal depression: previous history of depression (postnatal or other), unemployment, premature delivery or stopping breast-feeding in the first month for non-medical reasons. CONCLUSION: The use of EPDS between the third and fifth day postpartum is valid. An EPDS score of >10 should be completed by a clinical assessment and suitable management. The risk markers identified here are clinical indices that can be used for first-line early screening by non-psychiatric health workers. 相似文献
8.
Summary
Objective: To study prevalence as well as risk factors for pregnancy and postpartum depression in a sample of adolescent and adult Portuguese
mothers.
Methods: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to 108 (54 adult and 54 adolescent) Portuguese women at
24–36 weeks of pregnancy and at 2–3 months postpartum.
Results: Rates for EPDS > 12 are high during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (18.5%) and at 2–3 months postpartum (17.6%), and not significantly different between these two periods;
more than 1/4 of the sample (27.8%) had an EPDS > 12 before or after delivery. Adolescent mothers presented more depressive
symptoms as well as more EPDS > 12 than adult mothers, both in pregnancy (25.9% versus 11.1%) and at 2–3 months postpartum (25.9% versus 9.3%); moreover, when considering other socio-demographics, adolescent mothers were still at risk for depressive symptoms
during pregnancy as well as for postpartum depression. Women depressed in pregnancy, and ones who are under 18 years old and
who live with the partner, were at risk for postpartum EPDS > 12.
Conclusion: Adolescent mothers seem particularly at risk for depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period, therefore, just like
the women who are depressed during pregnancy, they should be better targeted in preventive and intervention measures. 相似文献
9.
Summary This paper reports the validation of the Maltese translated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale against Diagnostic Criteria
for Research (DCR-10) diagnosis for severe, moderate and mild depression during pregnancy (antenatally) and at 8 weeks postnatally.
A random sample of 239 pregnant women were interviewed at booking and at 8 weeks postnatally using a detailed sociodemographic
history, the Revised Version of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) and Maltese translation of the Edinburgh Postnatal
Depression Scale (EPDS). The Maltese translated EPDS had good face validity and had satisfactory sensitivity and specificity
for identifying depression both antenatally and postnatally. Cut-off scores of 13/14 antenatally and 11/12 postnatally are
recommended when using the Maltese EPDS. Controversial issues surrounds the use of the EPDS in clinical practice. However,
introducing the EPDS in pregnancy will help to identify women who are at high risk of depression so as to treat appropriately
and early in the antenatal period. 相似文献
10.
Dixon Chibanda Walter Mangezi Mustaf Tshimanga Godfrey Woelk Peter Rusakaniko Lynda Stranix-Chibanda Stanley Midzi Yvonne Maldonado Avinash K. Shetty 《Archives of women's mental health》2010,13(3):201-206
Despite the significant burden of common mental disorders (CMD) among women in sub Saharan Africa, data on postnatal depression
(PND) is very limited, especially in settings with a high HIV prevalence. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),
a widely used screening test for PND has been validated in many countries, but not in Zimbabwe. We assessed the validity of
the EPDS scale among postpartum women compared with Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for major depression.
Six trained community counselors administered the Shona version of the EPDS to a random sample of 210 postpartum HIV-infected
and uninfected women attending two primary care clinics in Chitungwiza. All women were subsequently subjected to mental status
examination using DSM IV criteria for major depression by 2 psychiatrists, who were blinded to the subject’s EPDS scores.
Data were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Of the 210 postpartum mothers enrolled, 64
(33%) met DSM IV criteria for depression. Using a cut-off score of 11/12 on the Shona version of the EPDS for depression,
the sensitivity was 88%, and specificity was 87%, with a positive predictive value of 74%, a negative predictive value of
94%, and an area under the curve of 0.82. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.87. Conclusion: The Shona
version of the EPDS is a reliable and valid tool to screen for PND among HIV-infected and un-infected women in Zimbabwe. Screening
for PND should be integrated into routine antenatal and postnatal care in areas with high HIV prevalence. 相似文献
11.
Xuehan Dong Zhiyong Qu Fangnan Liu Xiaoing Jiang Yang Wang Cheryl Hiu Kwan Chui Xiaohua Wang Donghua Tian Xiulan Zhang 《Journal of affective disorders》2013
Background
On May 12, 2008, a powerful 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck China's Sichuan province. While some studies have assessed the mental and physical wellbeing of disaster victims, few have examined the long-term impact of natural disasters on pregnant women's mental health. As such, this study aims to assess whether the Sichuan earthquake continues to negatively affect women's mental health, 4 years since its occurrence. In addition, predictive and protective risk factors of depressive symptoms among pregnant women were also identified.Methods
From June 2012 to October 2012, 520 pregnant women were interviewed, of whom 253 were from an earthquake struck area and 267 were from a non-earthquake struck area. Symptoms of antenatal depression were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff of≥10.Results
The prevalence rate of depression among pregnant women in the earthquake area was 34.5% (95% CI, 28.9–40.6), while the rate in the non-earthquake area was 39.6% (95% CI, 33.9–45.5). The perceived stresses associated with pregnancy and social support from husbands are significantly correlated with antenatal depression. Limitations: Lack of diagnosis for antenatal depression and it is a self-report evaluation.Conclusions
This study found that the Sichuan earthquake does not necessarily have a long-lasting effect on pregnant women who were once victims of the disaster. It was found that pregnant women who experience high levels of pressures from the pregnancy and receive medium support from husbands are more susceptible to experience antenatal depression than pregnant women who perceive higher levels of support from husbands. 相似文献12.
Summary Background: Depression and other psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and postpartum is an important health problem, especially if the symptoms are recurrent or sustained.Methods: All Swedish speaking women attending their first antenatal care visit during three predestined weeks were invited to participate. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in early pregnancy, two months and one year postpartum.Results: In all, 2430 women completed three questionnaires. A dose-effect relation was found between the numbers of stressful life events experienced in the year prior to pregnancy and mean EPDS score in pregnancy. The prevalence of recurrent or sustained depressive symptoms (EPDS12 on all three evaluations) was 3% (79/2430). Three factors were associated with depressive symptoms, two or more stressful life events in the year prior to pregnancy, native language other than Swedish and unemployment.Conclusions: Apart from questions about psychiatric history, a psychosocial history in early pregnancy including stressful life events, native language and employment status could help the health professionals to identify women at risk for recurrent or sustained depression during pregnancy and the year after giving birth. 相似文献
13.
Husain N Parveen A Husain M Saeed Q Jafri F Rahman R Tomenson B Chaudhry IB 《Archives of women's mental health》2011,14(5):395-403
Depression around childbirth is common in low income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated
with persistence of depression from the antenatal to the postnatal period in urban Pakistan. A total of 1,357 pregnant women
in their third trimester attending the antenatal clinic were included in the study. From these, 763 mothers who delivered
at the study maternity home were reassessed after 3 months of childbirth. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was
administered to measure depression in both the antenatal and the postnatal periods. Psychological distress, disability and
life events experienced by mothers were also measured by using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Brief Disability
Questionnaire (BDQ), and Life Events Checklist, respectively. We found 25.8% prevalence rate of antenatal depression and 38.3%
persistent depression in a private clinic. Persistently depressed mothers had significantly high psychological distress, more
disability, and experienced more stressful life events than the resolved group. Our findings confirm the high rates of depression
during pregnancy but we found low rates of persistent depression in this urban population as compared to the previous report.
There is a need for further investigation of factors associated with persistent depression in order to develop appropriate
interventions. 相似文献
14.
Marie-Paule V. Austin Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic Susan R. Priest Nicole Reilly Kay Wilhelm Karen Saint Gordon Parker 《Archives of women's mental health》2010,13(5):395-401
The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) period prevalence and comorbidity for depression and anxiety disorder in a cohort of women assessed during the first 6–8 months postpartum
and (2) to examine the benefits of combining the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a simple “interval symptom”
question to optimize screening postpartum. Women aged over 18 (N = 1,549) were assessed during late pregnancy and reviewed at approximately 2, 4, and 6–8 months postpartum using the EPDS
and an “interval symptom” question. The latter asked about any depressive symptoms in the interval since the last EPDS. Women
who scored >12 on the EPDS and/or positive on the “interval symptom” question were then administered the CIDI. A further 65 randomly selected women that screened
negative were also administered the CIDI. Loss to postnatal follow-up was very significant, and returns rates were inconsistent
across the three postnatal time points. Almost 25% of those who screened positive did not complete a CIDI. For screen-positive
status, a total of 314 (24.4%) of those that returned questionnaires (N = 1,289) screened positive at least once across the 6- to 8-month interval. Of these, 79 were lost to follow-up; thus, 235 (74.8%) completed a CIDI. In this group,
34.7% had been positive both on the EPDS and the “interval” question, 15.9% on the EPDS alone, and 49.4% on the “interval” question alone. For the CIDI
diagnosis and estimated 6- to 8-month period CIDI prevalence, among those 235 women who screened positive and completed a
CIDI, 67.2% met the criteria for a CIDI diagnosis, as did 16.9% of those who screened negative. The breakdown in CIDI diagnoses
in the 235 women was 32.8% major depression (± anxiety disorder); 26.4% minor depression alone; and 8.1% with a primary anxiety
disorder (approximately half with minor depression). Put another way, 20.4% of these women had an anxiety disorder (approximately
two thirds with comorbid depression) and 37.7% of women with a major depressive episode (MDE) had a comorbid anxiety disorder.
The estimated 6- to 8-month prevalence rate for a CIDI diagnosis of anxiety or depression (major or minor) was 29.2% (95%
CI 26.7%–31.7%). The use of the “interval symptom” question alone was 1.7 times more likely to identify positive CIDI cases
than the EPDS alone. Almost 40% of postnatal women with a diagnosis of MDE have a comorbid diagnosis of anxiety disorder.
The estimated 6- to 8-month period prevalence for CIDI cases of anxiety and depression was 29.2%. Screening for anxiety and
depression using the EPDS alone was associated with a lesser capacity to identify CIDI caseness than a simple “interval symptom”
question (for the 2 months prior) which almost doubled the yield. This paper demonstrates that combining the EPDS with the
“interval symptom” question improves detection of CIDI caseness. 相似文献
15.
T. A. Supraja K. Thennarasu Veena A. Satyanarayana T. K. Seena Geetha Desai Kavita V. Jangam Prabha S. Chandra 《Archives of women's mental health》2016,19(6):1101-1108
This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among 462 pregnant women in South India. Women in early pregnancy (<20 weeks) attending an urban public hospital antenatal center were assessed for suicidality using a modified version of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised (SBQR) and a single-item (item 10) from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Severity of depressive symptoms, family violence, and perceived social support were also measured. The prevalence of suicidality in pregnancy was 7.6 % (35/462). Eleven women (2.4 %) reported having had suicidal plans, and 8 (1.7 %) had made a suicidal attempt during the current pregnancy. Younger age, belonging to a middle socioeconomic status, poor perceived support, domestic violence, depressive symptoms, and having a past history of suicidality predicted suicidal ideation during the current pregnancy. Multivariate analysis revealed depression severity and a life time history of suicidal ideation as being the strongest predictors. The findings underscore the need for assessment of psychiatric and psychosocial factors that confer risk among women in this vulnerable period. The results of the study however may be specific to low-income urban women from this geographical location limiting the external validity of our findings. 相似文献
16.
P. M. Boyce S. J. Johnstone A. R. Hickey A. D. Morris-Yates M. G. Harris T. Strachan 《Archives of women's mental health》2000,3(3):91-97
Summary
Background: Postnatal depression, an episode of major depression occurring within six months postpartum, occurs in 10–15% of mothers.
Previous research has focussed on prevalence, risk factors, treatment, and impact, with little emphasis on assessment of functioning
and well-being in women with this depression. Our aim was to examine the effect of postnatal depression, age, and parity on
eight indicators of functional status, using the SF-36 self-report questionnaire, at 24 weeks postpartum.
Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design. 424 postpartum women, recruited from Nepean, Cowra, Dudley and Orange Hospitals
(New South Wales, Australia) completed questionnaires assessing functioning and well-being (SF-36), and postnatal depression
(EPDS).
Results: Compared to age-appropriate Australian normative data, women with postnatal depression (n = 54, 12.7%) were impaired on
five of eight SF-36 dimensions at twenty four weeks postpartum (i.e. Role Limitations due to Physical and Emotional Problems,
Social Functioning, Mental Health, and Vitality), while women without this depression (n = 370) were impaired on two dimensions
only (i.e. Role Limitations due to Emotional Problems and Vitality). Women with and without postnatal depression differed
on six SF-36 dimensions (i.e. Role Limitations due to Physical and Emotional Problems, Social Functioning, Bodily Pain, Mental
Health, and Vitality). Role Limitations due to Physical Problems were more impaired in depressed first-time than multiparous
mothers, with no parity difference for women without postnatal depression.
Conclusion: Some declines in functioning and well-being are associated with the postpartum period generally, but postnatal depression
detrimentally effects other specific aspects of the postpartum women's functional status. 相似文献
17.
Objective
This study aimed to design and examine the validity of the Maternal Disintegrative Responses Scale (MDRS) to assess intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences in the postpartum period.Method
A convenience sample of 455 mothers whose babies were up to 12 months old completed the MDRS and a series of questionnaires assessing postnatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]), childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and general symptoms of dissociation.Results
The final scale consists of eight items tapping two dimensions, intrusive thoughts and dissociative experiences, and displays good psychometric properties. Both factors were found to be related to EPDS, PTSD OCD, and general symptoms of dissociation. Primiparous women scored higher than multiparous women on both dimensions, and mothers of infants up to 3 months old scored higher on dissociative experiences than those whose infants were aged 4–12 months.Conclusions
The MDRS can contribute to the theoretical and practical conceptualization and assessment of these phenomena. 相似文献18.
Garcia-Esteve L Navarro P Ascaso C Torres A Aguado J Gelabert E Martín-Santos R 《Archives of women's mental health》2008,11(3):193-200
The goal of this study was to identify sociodemographic, psychopathological, and obstetric risk factors associated with postnatal depression (PND) and their relative weight. A cross-sectional two-stage design was used. All consecutive women receiving a routine check-up 6 weeks postpartum at Obstetric Services during a 1-year period were included. In the first stage, women completed the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS). In the second stage, mothers with EPDS scores > or =9 and a randomized sample of 16% with EPDS <9 were explored through a structured clinical interview to diagnose DSM-IV PND (major and minor depression). Variables were entered into stepwise regression models. A total of 1,201 women were recruited and did the EPDS; 261 women with EPDS scores > or =9 and 151 with EPDS scores <9 were selected. Three hundred and thirty-four women agreed to be interviewed and 100 were diagnosed with PND. Family caregiver role (defined as women who have to take care of handicapped or ill relatives) was associated with a 4.4-fold increase in risk for major PND (OR: 4.39, 95%CI: 1.10-17.38). Premenstrual syndrome was identified as an independent risk factor for major and minor PND (OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.03-3.18). Moreover, previous depression, poor partner relationship, and lower social support were also confirmed as risk factors for PND. Both family caregiver role and premenstrual syndrome should be considered for inclusion in the rating scales of pregnant women at risk for PND. 相似文献
19.
M. M. Cohen B. Schei D. Ansara R. Gallop N. Stuckless D. E. Stewart 《Archives of women's mental health》2002,4(3):83-92
Summary
Background: A link between violence and depression has been shown, but not a link between violence and postpartum depression. This study
sought to determine if there is an association between a history of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional as a child or adult)
and postpartum depression (PPD).
Method: 200 postpartum women were recruited from 6 hospitals. At 8–10 weeks postpartum, a telephone interviewer asked women about
physical, emotional or sexual abuse as an adult or child and sociodemographic, obstetrical and personal medical history. PPD
was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, score of ≥12). Abuse was determined by the Conflict Tactics
Scale or the Abuse Assessment Screen. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the relationship between violence
and PPD.
Results: 11% of women had EPDS scores of ≥12. Rates of childhood (6.5%), or adult (6.5%) physical abuse; and childhood (13%) or adult
(14%) sexual abuse were reported by respondents. Emotional abuse in the current relationship (29.6%) exceeded that of childhood
abuse (3.5%). Overall 43.2% of respondents had at least one form of abuse. Having a history of depression (OR = 3.3 (95% CI,
1.3–8.7)), panic attack during pregnancy (OR = 5.4 (1.6–19.0)), maternal complications (OR = 5.0 (1.7–15.1)), low social support
(OR = 3.3 (1.3–8.7)) and emotional abuse (OR = 2.8 (1.1–7.4) were associated with PPD.
Conclusion: Emotional abuse but not physical or sexual abuse was found to be associated with PPD. A possible explanation for this relationship
may be that being in an abusive situation puts one at risk for depression and in turn, postpartum depression. 相似文献
20.
Summary Lesbian and bisexual women who were pregnant (N = 16), biological (N = 18) or non-biological (N = 15) parents completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and scores were compared to a previously published
heterosexual sample. Lesbian and bisexual biological mothers had significantly higher EPDS scores than the previously published
sample of heterosexual women. Results suggest that perinatal depression is not less common and may be more common among lesbian
and bisexual women relative to heterosexual women. Additional, longitudinal studies are needed. 相似文献